Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$17.42B2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 135 of 210

Real GDP growth4.2%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$5452024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP0.0%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity28.0%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing13.3%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap −2.3 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Madagascar	1970	$1.05B	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$158	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	17.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1971	$1.14B	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.3%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$166	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	16.5 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1972	$1.30B	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-1.3%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	$184	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	16.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1973	$1.60B	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-2.2%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	$220	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	16.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1974	$1.82B	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.2%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	$242	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	16.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1975	$2.16B	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.3%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$279	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	17.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1976	$2.07B	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-3.1%	169 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	$259	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	14.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1977	$2.23B	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.4%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	$272	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	14.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1978	$2.53B	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-2.6%	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	$298	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	13.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1979	$3.28B	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	9.8%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	$375	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	14.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1980	$3.83B	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.8%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	$425	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	15.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1981	$3.40B	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-8.6%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	$367	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	13.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1982	$3.34B	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-1.8%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	$349	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	12.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1983	$3.32B	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.8%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	$338	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	12.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1984	$2.78B	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.7%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	$275	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	9.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1985	$2.75B	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.2%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	$263	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	9.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1986	$3.82B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.0%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	$356	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	11.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1987	$3.01B	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.2%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	$272	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	7.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1988	$2.86B	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.4%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	$252	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	6.5 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1989	$2.93B	111 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.1%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$250	170 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	6.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	111 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1990	$3.61B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.1%	100 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$299	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	6.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1991	$3.13B	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-6.3%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	$252	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	5.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1992	$3.51B	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.2%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	$274	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	5.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1993	$3.91B	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.1%	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$297	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	6.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1994	$3.46B	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-0.1%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	$254	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	5.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1995	$3.67B	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.7%	157 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	$261	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1996	$4.64B	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.1%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	$320	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	5.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1997	$4.12B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.7%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$275	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	5.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1998	$4.34B	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.9%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	$280	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	5.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1999	$4.32B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.7%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	$270	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	5.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2000	$4.50B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.7%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$273	192 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	5.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2001	$5.26B	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.0%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	$309	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	5.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2002	$5.10B	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-12.7%	206 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	$291	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	5.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2003	$6.35B	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	9.8%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	$352	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	5.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2004	$5.07B	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	5.3%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	$272	199 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	4.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2005	$5.85B	138 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.6%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	$305	201 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	4.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	138 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2006	$6.40B	139 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	5.0%	115 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	$325	201 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	4.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	139 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2007	$8.52B	132 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.2%	93 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	$420	198 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	132 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2008	$10.73B	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.7%	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	$513	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	5.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2009	$9.62B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-4.0%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	$446	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	5.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2010	$9.98B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.6%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	$450	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2011	$11.55B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.6%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	$506	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2012	$11.58B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.0%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$494	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2013	$12.42B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.3%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	$515	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2014	$12.52B	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.3%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$506	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2015	$11.32B	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.1%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	$445	208 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.0 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2016	$11.85B	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.0%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	$454	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2017	$13.18B	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.9%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$492	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2018	$13.76B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.2%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	$500	207 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2019	$14.10B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.4%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	$500	206 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2020	$13.05B	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-7.1%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	$451	207 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	4.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2021	$14.35B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.7%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	$483	206 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	3.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2022	$15.33B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.2%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	$504	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	3.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2023	$15.87B	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.2%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	$509	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	3.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2024	$17.42B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.2%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	$545	202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	4.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

MadagascarAfricaEastern AfricaWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Madagascar is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

MadagascarEastern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$1.05B → $3.61B

Compound annual change: +6.4% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$3.61B → $9.98B

Compound annual change: +5.2% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$9.98B → $17.42B

Compound annual change: +4.1% CAGR

Nominal GDP$17.42B2024 · Published series · World rank 135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$15.45B2024 · Published series · World rank 135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP0.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Madagascar	1970	$1.05B	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$5.89B	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1971	$1.14B	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.14B	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1972	$1.30B	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.06B	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1973	$1.60B	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$5.93B	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1974	$1.82B	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.00B	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1975	$2.16B	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.08B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1976	$2.07B	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$5.89B	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1977	$2.23B	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.03B	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1978	$2.53B	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$5.87B	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1979	$3.28B	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.45B	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1980	$3.83B	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.50B	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1981	$3.40B	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$5.94B	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1982	$3.34B	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$5.83B	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1983	$3.32B	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$5.87B	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1984	$2.78B	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$5.98B	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1985	$2.75B	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.04B	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1986	$3.82B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.16B	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1987	$3.01B	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.24B	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1988	$2.86B	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.45B	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1989	$2.93B	111 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.71B	102 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	43.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	111 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1990	$3.61B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.92B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1991	$3.13B	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.48B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1992	$3.51B	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.56B	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1993	$3.91B	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.70B	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1994	$3.46B	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.69B	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1995	$3.67B	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.81B	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1996	$4.64B	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.95B	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1997	$4.12B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.21B	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1998	$4.34B	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.49B	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1999	$4.32B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.85B	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2000	$4.50B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$8.22B	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2001	$5.26B	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$8.71B	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2002	$5.10B	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.61B	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2003	$6.35B	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$8.35B	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2004	$5.07B	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$8.79B	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2005	$5.85B	138 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$9.20B	124 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	40.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	138 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2006	$6.40B	139 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$9.66B	124 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	40.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	139 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2007	$8.52B	132 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$10.26B	125 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	132 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2008	$10.73B	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$10.95B	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2009	$9.62B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$10.51B	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2010	$9.98B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$10.58B	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2011	$11.55B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$10.75B	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2012	$11.58B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$11.07B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2013	$12.42B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$11.32B	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2014	$12.52B	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$11.70B	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2015	$11.32B	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.07B	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2016	$11.85B	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.55B	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2017	$13.18B	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.04B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2018	$13.76B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.46B	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2019	$14.10B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$14.05B	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2020	$13.05B	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.05B	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2021	$14.35B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.66B	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2022	$15.33B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$14.23B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2023	$15.87B	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$14.82B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2024	$17.42B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.45B	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Africa$2.83T2024

Eastern Africa$583.45B2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Madagascar is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

MadagascarEastern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$158 → $299

Compound annual change: +3.3% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$299 → $450

Compound annual change: +2.1% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$450 → $545

Compound annual change: +1.4% CAGR

GDP per person$5452024 · Published series · World rank 202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$4832024 · Published series · World rank 203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Madagascar	1970	$158	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	17.0 (world = 100)	$882	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	17.0 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1971	$166	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	16.5 (world = 100)	$893	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	16.9 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1972	$184	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	16.3 (world = 100)	$856	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	15.6 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1973	$220	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	16.3 (world = 100)	$813	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	14.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1974	$242	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	16.1 (world = 100)	$799	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	14.0 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1975	$279	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	17.0 (world = 100)	$785	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	13.9 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1976	$259	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	14.8 (world = 100)	$738	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	12.6 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1977	$272	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	14.0 (world = 100)	$733	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	12.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1978	$298	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	13.2 (world = 100)	$693	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	11.3 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1979	$375	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	14.7 (world = 100)	$738	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	11.7 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1980	$425	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	15.2 (world = 100)	$722	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	11.5 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1981	$367	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	13.1 (world = 100)	$640	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	10.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1982	$349	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	12.8 (world = 100)	$610	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	9.8 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1983	$338	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	12.3 (world = 100)	$597	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	9.5 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1984	$275	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	9.9 (world = 100)	$590	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	9.1 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1985	$263	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	9.4 (world = 100)	$579	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	8.8 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1986	$356	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	11.2 (world = 100)	$574	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	8.6 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1987	$272	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	7.7 (world = 100)	$564	159 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100	8.3 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1988	$252	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	6.5 (world = 100)	$567	161 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	8.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1989	$250	170 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	6.3 (world = 100)	$573	161 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	10.1 / 100	8.1 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1990	$299	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	6.9 (world = 100)	$574	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	8.0 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1991	$252	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	5.6 (world = 100)	$522	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	7.3 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1992	$274	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	5.8 (world = 100)	$513	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	7.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1993	$297	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	6.3 (world = 100)	$508	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	7.1 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1994	$254	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	5.1 (world = 100)	$492	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	6.7 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1995	$261	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)	$485	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	6.5 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1996	$320	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	5.8 (world = 100)	$479	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	6.3 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1997	$275	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	5.1 (world = 100)	$481	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	6.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1998	$280	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	5.3 (world = 100)	$484	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	6.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	1999	$270	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	5.0 (world = 100)	$490	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	6.1 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2000	$273	192 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	5.0 (world = 100)	$498	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	6.0 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2001	$309	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	5.7 (world = 100)	$511	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	6.1 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2002	$291	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	5.3 (world = 100)	$433	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	5.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2003	$352	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	5.7 (world = 100)	$462	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	5.4 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2004	$272	199 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	4.0 (world = 100)	$472	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	5.4 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2005	$305	201 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	4.2 (world = 100)	$480	197 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	5.3 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2006	$325	201 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	4.2 (world = 100)	$489	197 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	5.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2007	$420	198 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)	$505	198 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	5.3 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2008	$513	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	5.4 (world = 100)	$523	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	5.4 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2009	$446	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	5.1 (world = 100)	$488	202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	5.2 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2010	$450	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.7 (world = 100)	$477	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	4.9 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2011	$506	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)	$471	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2012	$494	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.7 (world = 100)	$472	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.7 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2013	$515	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	4.8 (world = 100)	$470	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	4.6 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2014	$506	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.6 (world = 100)	$473	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.5 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2015	$445	208 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.0 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)	$475	206 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	4.5 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2016	$454	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)	$481	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.5 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2017	$492	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	4.6 (world = 100)	$487	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2018	$500	207 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)	$490	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2019	$500	206 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)	$498	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.4 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2020	$451	207 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	4.1 (world = 100)	$451	207 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	4.1 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2021	$483	206 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	3.9 (world = 100)	$460	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	4.0 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2022	$504	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	3.9 (world = 100)	$467	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	3.9 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2023	$509	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	3.8 (world = 100)	$475	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	3.9 (world = 100)
Madagascar	2024	$545	202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	4.0 (world = 100)	$483	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	3.9 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Africa$1,8692024

Eastern Africa$1,1682024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Madagascar is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

MadagascarEastern AfricaAfricaWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

4.3% → 3.1%

Average annual rate: +0.9%

Integration1990–2010

3.1% → 0.6%

Average annual rate: +2.3%

Current era2010–2024

0.6% → 4.2%

Average annual rate: +2.6%

Real GDP growth4.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth1.7%2024 · Published series · World rank 120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator134.72024 · Published series · World rank 55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Madagascar	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.3	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100
Madagascar	1971	4.3%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	1.3%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	0.3	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100
Madagascar	1972	-1.3%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	-4.1%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	0.3	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100
Madagascar	1973	-2.2%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	-5.0%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	0.3	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100
Madagascar	1974	1.2%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	-1.8%	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	0.4	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100
Madagascar	1975	1.3%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	-1.7%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	0.4	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100
Madagascar	1976	-3.1%	169 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	-6.0%	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	0.4	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100
Madagascar	1977	2.4%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-0.7%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	0.5	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100
Madagascar	1978	-2.6%	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	-5.5%	166 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	0.5	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100
Madagascar	1979	9.8%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	6.5%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	0.6	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100
Madagascar	1980	0.8%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	-2.2%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	0.7	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100
Madagascar	1981	-8.6%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	-11.3%	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	0.8	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100
Madagascar	1982	-1.8%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-4.7%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	1.1	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100
Madagascar	1983	0.8%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	-2.1%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	1.3	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100
Madagascar	1984	1.7%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	-1.2%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	1.4	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100
Madagascar	1985	1.2%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	-1.7%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	1.6	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100
Madagascar	1986	2.0%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	-0.9%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	2.2	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100
Madagascar	1987	1.2%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	-1.7%	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	2.7	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100
Madagascar	1988	3.4%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	0.5%	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	3.3	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100
Madagascar	1989	4.1%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	1.1%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	3.7	144 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	19.7 / 100
Madagascar	1990	3.1%	100 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	0.1%	117 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	4.1	155 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100
Madagascar	1991	-6.3%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	-9.1%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	4.7	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100
Madagascar	1992	1.2%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	-1.8%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	5.3	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100
Madagascar	1993	2.1%	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	-1.0%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	5.9	166 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.5 / 100
Madagascar	1994	-0.1%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	-3.1%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	8.4	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100
Madagascar	1995	1.7%	157 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	-1.5%	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	12.1	166 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.5 / 100
Madagascar	1996	2.1%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	-1.1%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	14.3	166 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.5 / 100
Madagascar	1997	3.7%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	0.4%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	15.3	168 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100
Madagascar	1998	3.9%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.6%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	16.6	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100
Madagascar	1999	4.7%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	1.4%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	18.3	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100
Madagascar	2000	4.7%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	1.5%	136 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	19.6	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100
Madagascar	2001	6.0%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	2.8%	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	21.0	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100
Madagascar	2002	-12.7%	206 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	-15.2%	206 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-16.1 pp vs world	24.2	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100
Madagascar	2003	9.8%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	6.6%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	24.9	178 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100
Madagascar	2004	5.3%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	2.2%	134 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	28.4	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100
Madagascar	2005	4.6%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	1.6%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	33.6	174 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100
Madagascar	2006	5.0%	115 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	2.0%	146 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	37.5	174 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100
Madagascar	2007	6.2%	93 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	3.2%	120 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	42.5 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	41.1	172 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	17.4 / 100
Madagascar	2008	6.7%	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	3.6%	78 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.8 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	44.2	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100
Madagascar	2009	-4.0%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	-6.8%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	47.2	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100
Madagascar	2010	0.6%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	-2.3%	192 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	52.1	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100
Madagascar	2011	1.6%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	-1.3%	190 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	57.5	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100
Madagascar	2012	3.0%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.2%	143 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	60.6	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100
Madagascar	2013	2.3%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	-0.4%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	63.9	182 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.4 / 100
Madagascar	2014	3.3%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.6%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	68.2	184 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100
Madagascar	2015	3.1%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	0.4%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	72.7	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100
Madagascar	2016	4.0%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	1.3%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	79.2	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100
Madagascar	2017	3.9%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	1.3%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	83.1	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100
Madagascar	2018	3.2%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	0.5%	156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.8 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	90.0	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100
Madagascar	2019	4.4%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	1.7%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	95.9	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100
Madagascar	2020	-7.1%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	-9.5%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Madagascar	2021	4.7%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	2.1%	153 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	106.3	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100
Madagascar	2022	4.2%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	1.6%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	116.5	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100
Madagascar	2023	4.2%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	1.7%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	125.2	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100
Madagascar	2024	4.2%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	1.7%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	134.7	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Africa3.4%2024

Eastern Africa5.0%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Madagascar is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

MadagascarEastern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

99.5% → 82.2%

Percentage-point change: -17.3 pp

Integration1990–2010

82.2% → 87.1%

Percentage-point change: +4.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

87.1% → 85.1%

Percentage-point change: -2.0 pp

Final consumption85.1%2024 · Published series · World rank 77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption69.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption15.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 119 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand107.7%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Madagascar	1970	99.5%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+26.9 pp vs world	73.5%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+16.5 pp vs world	26.0%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	110.2%	48 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.3 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1971	102.1%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+29.1 pp vs world	74.6%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+17.6 pp vs world	27.4%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	114.1%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1972	104.4%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+31.5 pp vs world	77.9%	39 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+21.1 pp vs world	26.5%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	113.6%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1973	102.4%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+30.7 pp vs world	78.7%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+22.8 pp vs world	23.7%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	111.9%	43 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1974	103.9%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+32.2 pp vs world	81.7%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+26.0 pp vs world	22.2%	28 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	113.2%	44 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1975	105.1%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+31.4 pp vs world	83.6%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+27.0 pp vs world	21.5%	39 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	113.8%	43 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	1976	102.1%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+29.1 pp vs world	79.8%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+23.7 pp vs world	22.3%	32 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	110.8%	55 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1977	102.3%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+29.4 pp vs world	80.4%	31 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.0 / 100	+24.2 pp vs world	21.9%	38 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	111.0%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1978	104.9%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+32.3 pp vs world	81.3%	31 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.0 / 100	+25.3 pp vs world	23.6%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	114.7%	38 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1979	106.2%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+33.7 pp vs world	81.9%	32 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+25.8 pp vs world	24.4%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	123.5%	29 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+22.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1980	107.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+34.5 pp vs world	83.7%	29 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+27.2 pp vs world	24.0%	32 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	123.7%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+22.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1981	107.1%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+33.7 pp vs world	84.1%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+27.5 pp vs world	23.0%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	119.4%	39 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+18.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	1982	109.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+34.5 pp vs world	88.0%	17 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+30.6 pp vs world	21.1%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	118.2%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+17.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	1983	106.5%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+31.5 pp vs world	87.4%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+29.6 pp vs world	19.0%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	115.4%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+14.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1984	103.8%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+29.4 pp vs world	84.8%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+27.1 pp vs world	19.0%	67 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	113.0%	38 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	1985	105.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+30.8 pp vs world	87.1%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+29.0 pp vs world	18.6%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	114.7%	37 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1986	81.8%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	68.0%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	13.8%	114 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	89.6%	166 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1987	83.1%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	68.9%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world	14.2%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	91.9%	157 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1988	80.4%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	67.7%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	12.7%	121 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.8 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	91.9%	155 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1989	79.6%	93 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	65.9%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	13.7%	110 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	38.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	91.2%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	1990	82.2%	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	69.8%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	12.5%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	96.9%	155 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	24.5 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1991	88.2%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+13.1 pp vs world	74.8%	58 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	72.1 / 100	+16.6 pp vs world	13.4%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	95.3%	165 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1992	85.7%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	73.0%	68 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+14.6 pp vs world	12.7%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	95.7%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	1993	86.1%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	73.9%	59 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	12.2%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	96.3%	160 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1994	84.4%	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	73.7%	64 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+14.8 pp vs world	10.7%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	94.1%	165 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1995	84.2%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	73.8%	57 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	+15.3 pp vs world	10.4%	161 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	94.0%	174 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.2 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1996	81.5%	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	72.1%	68 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	9.4%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	91.9%	180 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.3 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	1997	84.3%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	72.5%	65 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	11.8%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	95.6%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1998	82.8%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	70.5%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world	12.3%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	95.7%	179 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1999	81.9%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	70.3%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	11.5%	161 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	94.8%	163 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2000	80.8%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	68.6%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	12.2%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	95.3%	154 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2001	79.7%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	66.0%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	13.7%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	95.8%	156 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	24.0 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2002	84.6%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	71.7%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	12.9%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	96.6%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2003	87.9%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	71.7%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	16.2%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	102.4%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2004	84.3%	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	70.1%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world	14.1%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	105.2%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2005	84.6%	83 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	60.4 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	70.8%	76 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	13.9%	120 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	42.2 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	104.5%	104 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2006	80.8%	98 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	67.3%	84 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	13.5%	121 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	103.5%	105 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2007	84.6%	79 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	65.6%	92 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	19.0%	49 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	111.1%	73 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2008	80.2%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	66.1%	96 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	14.1%	114 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	118.9%	56 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.6 / 100	+19.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2009	84.4%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	71.9%	77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	12.5%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	121.7%	40 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+22.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2010	87.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	74.0%	66 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+16.9 pp vs world	13.1%	140 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	114.1%	62 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+15.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2011	87.7%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	73.6%	63 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+17.0 pp vs world	14.1%	122 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	111.0%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2012	88.9%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+15.2 pp vs world	73.9%	64 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	69.7 / 100	+17.3 pp vs world	15.0%	117 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.2 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	109.1%	84 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	60.1 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2013	93.3%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world	77.7%	49 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.9 / 100	+21.1 pp vs world	15.6%	114 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	109.8%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2014	88.9%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+15.4 pp vs world	73.1%	61 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+16.4 pp vs world	15.8%	112 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	105.4%	93 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2015	88.4%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	73.3%	58 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	+16.2 pp vs world	15.1%	124 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	104.4%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2016	86.3%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	71.5%	61 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	14.8%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	102.6%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	2017	87.7%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	71.6%	60 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	16.1%	107 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	103.5%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2018	85.6%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	72.0%	54 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	74.5 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	13.6%	135 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	106.3%	82 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2019	86.0%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	70.9%	60 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world	15.1%	123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	108.7%	76 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2020	95.7%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+22.5 pp vs world	77.0%	45 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	78.8 / 100	+21.5 pp vs world	18.7%	98 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	113.4%	64 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	69.7 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2021	92.6%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+20.7 pp vs world	75.2%	53 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+20.2 pp vs world	17.5%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	109.0%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2022	87.3%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	+15.3 pp vs world	70.8%	67 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+15.3 pp vs world	16.5%	108 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	109.5%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2023	87.2%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	71.6%	65 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	69.2 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	15.6%	115 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	107.1%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2024	85.1%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	69.8%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world	15.3%	119 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	107.7%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Africa80.9%2024

Eastern Africa84.2%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Madagascar is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

MadagascarEastern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

10.6% → 14.7%

Percentage-point change: +4.1 pp

Integration1990–2010

14.7% → 27.0%

Percentage-point change: +12.3 pp

Current era2010–2024

27.0% → 22.6%

Percentage-point change: -4.4 pp

Gross capital formation22.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation22.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories0.1%2023 · Published series · World rank 114 of 169 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Madagascar	1970	10.6%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-17.1 pp vs world	10.6%	157 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-12.3 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1971	12.0%	156 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-15.5 pp vs world	12.0%	151 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1972	9.2%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world	9.2%	162 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1973	9.5%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-19.1 pp vs world	9.5%	160 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-17.7 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1974	9.3%	163 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-19.2 pp vs world	9.3%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1975	8.7%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world	8.7%	168 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-17.7 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1976	8.7%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-19.3 pp vs world	8.7%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1977	8.8%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-19.6 pp vs world	8.8%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-18.5 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1978	9.9%	168 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-18.6 pp vs world	9.9%	168 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-17.7 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1979	17.3%	141 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	17.3%	141 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1980	16.0%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	16.0%	145 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1981	12.3%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-15.2 pp vs world	12.3%	163 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-14.5 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1982	9.1%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world	9.1%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-17.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1983	9.0%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-16.9 pp vs world	9.0%	170 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-16.7 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1984	9.2%	168 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world	9.2%	167 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-16.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1985	9.0%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-16.7 pp vs world	9.0%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-15.8 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1986	7.8%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-17.6 pp vs world	7.8%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-17.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1987	8.7%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-16.7 pp vs world	8.7%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-16.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1988	11.5%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-14.8 pp vs world	11.5%	167 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1989	11.6%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-14.6 pp vs world	11.6%	166 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-13.5 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1990	14.7%	172 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.2 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	14.7%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1991	7.1%	202 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	1.5 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world	7.1%	201 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.0 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1992	10.0%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-14.6 pp vs world	10.0%	194 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1993	10.3%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	10.3%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-13.4 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1994	9.8%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-14.6 pp vs world	9.8%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Madagascar	1995	9.8%	200 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.5 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world	9.7%	199 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	0.1%	134 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	21.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1996	10.4%	200 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.5 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	10.3%	200 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.5 / 100	-13.4 pp vs world	0.1%	123 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1997	11.3%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world	11.2%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-12.3 pp vs world	0.1%	129 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	25.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1998	12.9%	188 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	12.8%	185 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	0.1%	125 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	25.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	1999	12.9%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	12.8%	187 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	0.1%	101 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2000	14.5%	178 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	14.4%	175 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	0.1%	132 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2001	16.0%	170 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	15.9%	165 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	0.1%	123 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2002	12.0%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	11.9%	189 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	0.1%	128 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2003	14.5%	179 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	14.4%	174 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.2 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	0.1%	136 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2004	20.9%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	20.8%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	0.1%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2005	19.9%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	19.7%	133 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	0.1%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2006	22.7%	116 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	44.2 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	22.5%	108 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	48.1 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.2%	133 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2007	26.5%	82 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	60.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	26.3%	68 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	0.2%	137 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2008	38.7%	23 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	37.8%	16 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	1.0%	91 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2009	37.2%	20 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	37.2%	17 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+13.5 pp vs world	0.1%	95 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	2010	27.0%	60 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	25.9%	58 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	1.1%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2011	23.4%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	24.7%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	-1.3%	167 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2012	20.2%	135 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	23.4%	95 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	-3.2%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2013	16.5%	174 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.8 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	19.8%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	-3.2%	176 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2014	16.5%	172 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.8 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	18.3%	158 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.5 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	-1.8%	169 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	2015	16.0%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	19.0%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	-3.0%	172 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	2016	16.4%	178 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.9 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world	19.0%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	-2.6%	171 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2017	15.8%	181 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.5 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	18.1%	158 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.5 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	-2.3%	172 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2018	20.7%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	21.0%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	-0.3%	163 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2019	22.7%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	21.2%	123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.3 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	1.4%	55 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2020	17.7%	160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	19.5%	135 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	-1.8%	163 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	5.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2021	16.4%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	23.2%	92 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	-6.8%	171 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2022	22.2%	131 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	21.8%	116 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.7 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	0.3%	127 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2023	19.9%	140 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	19.9%	136 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	0.1%	114 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2024	22.6%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	22.6%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Africa20.9%2024

Eastern Africa21.1%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Madagascar is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

MadagascarEastern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

40.8% → 34.9%

Percentage-point change: -5.9 pp

Integration1990–2010

34.9% → 57.9%

Percentage-point change: +23.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

57.9% → 55.0%

Percentage-point change: -2.9 pp

Exports23.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports31.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports-7.7%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness55.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Madagascar	1970	23.0%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	17.8%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	5.3%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	40.8%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+18.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	1971	22.3%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	20.2%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	2.1%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	42.6%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1972	20.5%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	17.6%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	2.9%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	38.0%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	+14.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1973	18.5%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	15.5%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	3.0%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	34.0%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	1974	18.7%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	16.6%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	2.0%	42 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	35.3%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1975	19.1%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	17.2%	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	1.9%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	36.3%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1976	18.2%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	14.4%	161 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	3.8%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	32.6%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1977	21.1%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	16.8%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	4.3%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	37.9%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	1978	20.0%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	18.7%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	1.3%	42 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	38.6%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1979	16.2%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	24.8%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	-8.6%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	41.0%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	1980	14.2%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	23.0%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	-8.8%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	37.2%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	1981	12.4%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	17.3%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	-4.9%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	29.7%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1982	12.8%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	15.8%	158 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	-3.0%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	28.5%	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1983	11.6%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	13.3%	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	-1.7%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	24.8%	159 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1984	15.8%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	14.9%	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	0.9%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	30.7%	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	1985	14.4%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	16.8%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	-2.4%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	31.1%	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1986	11.7%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	10.4%	166 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	1.3%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	22.1%	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1987	15.9%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	15.1%	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.8%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	31.0%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1988	15.7%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	15.5%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	0.3%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	31.2%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	1989	17.4%	134 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	25.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	15.6%	159 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	11.2 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	1.8%	53 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	33.0%	153 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	1990	15.3%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	19.6%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	-4.3%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	34.9%	178 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	1991	16.6%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	19.1%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	-2.5%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	35.8%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	1992	15.0%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	18.4%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-3.4%	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	33.5%	178 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1993	14.0%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	18.4%	181 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	-4.4%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	32.4%	181 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1994	20.2%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	22.1%	166 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.5 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	-1.9%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	42.3%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	1995	22.1%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	23.7%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	-1.6%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	45.8%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1996	18.8%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	19.4%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	-0.6%	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	38.2%	178 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1997	20.0%	157 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	22.6%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	-2.7%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	42.6%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	1998	19.6%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	22.2%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	-2.5%	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	41.8%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	1999	23.0%	142 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	24.4%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	-1.4%	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	47.4%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2000	28.5%	130 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.1 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	28.9%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	-0.4%	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	57.4%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	2001	26.5%	134 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	27.0%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	-0.5%	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	53.5%	157 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2002	14.6%	183 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.2 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	18.7%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	-4.0%	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	33.3%	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-12.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2003	19.7%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	26.5%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	-6.8%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	46.2%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2004	32.1%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	39.6%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world	-7.5%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	71.6%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	+20.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2005	25.9%	146 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	34.0%	137 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	-8.2%	124 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	40.6 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	59.9%	153 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2006	27.1%	145 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	34.0%	141 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	-6.9%	117 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	61.1%	154 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2007	27.8%	141 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	38.9%	118 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	-11.1%	135 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world	66.7%	143 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2008	27.7%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	46.7%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+16.4 pp vs world	-18.9%	155 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-19.7 pp vs world	74.4%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2009	20.4%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	42.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	+16.4 pp vs world	-21.7%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-22.3 pp vs world	62.4%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2010	21.9%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	36.0%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	-14.1%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-15.0 pp vs world	57.9%	153 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2011	22.7%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	33.8%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	-11.0%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	56.5%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	2012	21.8%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	30.9%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	-9.1%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	52.7%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	2013	23.3%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	33.1%	142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	-9.8%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	56.4%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2014	28.3%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	33.7%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	-5.4%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	62.0%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2015	28.4%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	32.8%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	-4.4%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	61.2%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2016	29.1%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	31.7%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	-2.6%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	60.8%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2017	30.9%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	34.4%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	-3.5%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	65.3%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2018	31.5%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	36.3%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	-4.8%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	67.8%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2019	28.4%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	34.2%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	-5.8%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	62.6%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2020	20.1%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	28.9%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	-8.7%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	49.0%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2021	23.1%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	32.1%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	-9.0%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	55.2%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2022	30.5%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	40.0%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	-9.5%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world	70.5%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2023	27.0%	143 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.1 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	34.1%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	-7.1%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	61.1%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2024	23.6%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	31.3%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	-7.7%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	55.0%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Africa55.1%2024

Eastern Africa45.5%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 28.0%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing24.5%

1970–1990+9.6 pp1990–2010-6.6 pp2010–2024-5.8 pp

World specialization: 5.75×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities18.1%

1970–1990-0.5 pp1990–2010+0.2 pp2010–2024+6.3 pp

World specialization: 0.86×

Construction6.7%

1970–1990-0.1 pp1990–2010+3.7 pp2010–2024-0.2 pp

World specialization: 1.17×

Trade, restaurants and hotels11.7%

1970–1990-0.7 pp1990–2010-1.9 pp2010–2024-4.5 pp

World specialization: 0.81×

Transport, storage and communication11.0%

1970–1990-0.4 pp1990–2010+0.2 pp2010–2024+1.2 pp

World specialization: 1.12×

Other activities28.0%

1970–1990-7.8 pp1990–2010+4.3 pp2010–2024+3.0 pp

World specialization: 0.63×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

28.5% → 20.7%

Percentage-point change: -7.8 pp

Integration1990–2010

20.7% → 25.0%

Percentage-point change: +4.3 pp

Current era2010–2024

25.0% → 28.0%

Percentage-point change: +3.0 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing5.75×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities0.86×

Construction1.17×

Trade, restaurants and hotels0.81×

Transport, storage and communication1.12×

Other activities0.63×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Madagascar	1970	27.3%	48 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	+17.9 pp vs world	12.1%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-18.8 pp vs world	3.4%	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	18.8%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	9.9%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	28.5%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1971	27.6%	46 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.3 / 100	+18.6 pp vs world	12.1%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-18.4 pp vs world	3.4%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	18.7%	48 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.3 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	9.9%	38 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	28.4%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1972	28.4%	39 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world	12.3%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-18.3 pp vs world	3.4%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	17.5%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	9.2%	43 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	29.2%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1973	30.3%	37 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+21.1 pp vs world	12.9%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-17.9 pp vs world	3.6%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	17.0%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	9.0%	49 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	27.2%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1974	38.6%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+30.0 pp vs world	11.9%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-19.9 pp vs world	3.3%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	14.9%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	7.9%	64 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	23.4%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1975	38.5%	21 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+30.2 pp vs world	11.9%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-18.8 pp vs world	3.3%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	15.2%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	8.0%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	23.0%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	1976	37.6%	21 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+29.7 pp vs world	12.0%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-18.9 pp vs world	3.4%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	15.0%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	7.9%	67 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	24.0%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	1977	37.7%	22 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+30.0 pp vs world	13.0%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-17.8 pp vs world	3.6%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	14.5%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	7.7%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	23.5%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	1978	36.5%	22 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+28.9 pp vs world	12.9%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-17.6 pp vs world	3.6%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	14.5%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	7.7%	78 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	24.8%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	1979	33.7%	26 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	85.7 / 100	+26.4 pp vs world	12.9%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-17.9 pp vs world	3.6%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	15.9%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	8.4%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	25.5%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1980	33.9%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+27.0 pp vs world	12.0%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-19.1 pp vs world	3.4%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	16.5%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	8.7%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	25.6%	110 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	38.4 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1981	36.8%	19 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+30.0 pp vs world	10.4%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-20.2 pp vs world	2.9%	158 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	16.5%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	8.7%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	24.6%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1982	37.8%	18 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+31.0 pp vs world	9.8%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-20.0 pp vs world	2.8%	160 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	16.9%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	8.9%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	23.8%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1983	39.7%	15 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	92.0 / 100	+32.8 pp vs world	9.9%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-19.4 pp vs world	2.8%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	16.7%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	8.8%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	22.0%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	1984	39.4%	16 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+32.6 pp vs world	10.3%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-18.9 pp vs world	2.9%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	16.6%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	8.8%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	21.9%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1985	39.4%	16 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+32.9 pp vs world	10.6%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world	3.0%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	16.6%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	8.8%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	21.6%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-15.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1986	41.3%	13 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	+35.4 pp vs world	10.3%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-17.4 pp vs world	2.9%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	16.4%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	8.7%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	20.4%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-17.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1987	40.5%	16 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+35.1 pp vs world	10.9%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-16.5 pp vs world	3.1%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	16.4%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	8.7%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	20.4%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1988	38.2%	18 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+32.8 pp vs world	10.7%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-16.5 pp vs world	3.0%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	18.0%	55 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	9.5%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	20.7%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-17.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	1989	37.7%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+32.3 pp vs world	12.1%	138 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-14.8 pp vs world	3.4%	139 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	17.7%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	9.4%	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	19.7%	147 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-19.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	1990	36.9%	18 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	91.6 / 100	+31.7 pp vs world	11.6%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	3.3%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	18.0%	55 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.5 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	9.5%	54 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	20.7%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-18.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	1991	37.5%	18 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	91.6 / 100	+32.7 pp vs world	11.5%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-14.5 pp vs world	3.2%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	17.5%	61 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	9.2%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	21.1%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-19.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	1992	38.0%	22 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+33.7 pp vs world	11.3%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world	3.1%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	17.4%	61 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	9.4%	62 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	20.7%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-20.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	1993	38.7%	24 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+34.6 pp vs world	11.2%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-13.5 pp vs world	3.2%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	17.7%	60 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.1 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	9.2%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	20.0%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-21.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1994	44.0%	17 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+40.0 pp vs world	10.8%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world	3.1%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	16.3%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	8.3%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	17.5%	181 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	-23.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	1995	38.0%	20 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	90.6 / 100	+34.0 pp vs world	11.4%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world	3.0%	177 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	17.3%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	10.4%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	19.9%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-22.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	1996	36.1%	20 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	90.6 / 100	+32.1 pp vs world	10.7%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-13.6 pp vs world	3.2%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	21.6%	31 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	9.7%	57 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	18.7%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-23.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1997	35.9%	19 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	91.1 / 100	+32.0 pp vs world	10.3%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world	3.0%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	20.9%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	10.3%	53 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	74.5 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	19.5%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-23.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	1998	35.0%	19 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	91.1 / 100	+31.2 pp vs world	10.3%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-12.9 pp vs world	3.5%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	20.1%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	10.4%	56 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	20.8%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-22.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	1999	34.7%	20 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	90.6 / 100	+31.1 pp vs world	9.9%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world	3.7%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	19.6%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	10.1%	62 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	22.0%	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-21.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	2000	33.5%	19 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	91.1 / 100	+30.1 pp vs world	11.2%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	4.0%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	18.8%	47 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	10.0%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	22.5%	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-21.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2001	32.1%	21 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	90.1 / 100	+28.7 pp vs world	11.3%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world	4.2%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	19.2%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	9.9%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	23.3%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-21.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2002	35.9%	17 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+32.5 pp vs world	10.6%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	4.2%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	19.6%	38 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	8.7%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	21.0%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-24.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2003	32.8%	21 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	90.1 / 100	+29.4 pp vs world	11.1%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	4.5%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	19.0%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	8.4%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	24.3%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-20.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2004	32.6%	20 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	90.6 / 100	+29.1 pp vs world	11.6%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	5.6%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	18.6%	46 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.9 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	9.0%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	22.6%	168 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100	-21.7 pp vs world
Madagascar	2005	32.3%	19 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+29.0 pp vs world	11.6%	159 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world	6.6%	63 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	70.0 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	17.4%	62 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	70.4 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	9.8%	86 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	58.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	22.2%	170 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	18.4 / 100	-22.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2006	31.1%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+27.8 pp vs world	11.7%	161 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world	8.1%	42 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	16.3%	81 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	9.9%	79 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	22.9%	164 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	21.3 / 100	-21.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2007	29.5%	19 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+26.0 pp vs world	11.4%	163 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	21.7 / 100	-12.2 pp vs world	8.5%	41 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	15.9%	87 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	9.9%	81 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	24.8%	153 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-18.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2008	28.4%	25 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+24.7 pp vs world	12.2%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	9.3%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	16.1%	93 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	10.1%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	23.9%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-19.2 pp vs world
Madagascar	2009	31.6%	16 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+27.8 pp vs world	11.5%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	8.0%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	16.0%	88 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	9.2%	108 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	23.6%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-21.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	2010	30.3%	17 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+26.3 pp vs world	11.8%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	7.0%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	16.1%	85 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.6 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	9.7%	81 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	25.0%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-18.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2011	30.2%	16 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+26.0 pp vs world	11.4%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world	7.2%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	16.1%	90 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	9.5%	81 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	25.6%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-17.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2012	29.1%	19 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	91.3 / 100	+24.8 pp vs world	11.7%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	6.3%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	17.1%	75 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	8.9%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	26.9%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-16.3 pp vs world
Madagascar	2013	27.6%	21 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+23.2 pp vs world	13.0%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	5.7%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	16.3%	87 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	58.7 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	9.0%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	28.4%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2014	26.9%	20 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+22.5 pp vs world	14.1%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	6.0%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	16.1%	93 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	8.9%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	28.0%	155 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-15.5 pp vs world
Madagascar	2015	27.0%	20 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+22.5 pp vs world	13.2%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	6.7%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	16.6%	87 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	58.7 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	8.5%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	28.1%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-16.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2016	26.3%	22 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+21.9 pp vs world	14.0%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	6.3%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	17.7%	67 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	7.7%	143 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	28.0%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-16.8 pp vs world
Madagascar	2017	25.7%	22 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+21.3 pp vs world	14.1%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	6.9%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	16.3%	87 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	58.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	9.3%	101 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	27.8%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-16.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2018	25.5%	20 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+21.3 pp vs world	15.7%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	7.1%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	14.0%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	8.2%	134 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	29.6%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-14.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2019	24.1%	23 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+19.9 pp vs world	15.8%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	7.8%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	14.2%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	8.0%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	30.1%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	2020	26.1%	21 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+21.6 pp vs world	13.2%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	7.3%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	12.7%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	9.1%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	31.5%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world
Madagascar	2021	23.9%	27 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+19.3 pp vs world	15.9%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	7.7%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	12.6%	143 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	10.3%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	29.6%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world
Madagascar	2022	23.1%	32 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	85.0 / 100	+18.5 pp vs world	18.9%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	6.1%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	11.6%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	10.9%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	29.3%	143 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.1 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world
Madagascar	2023	23.9%	27 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+19.6 pp vs world	18.6%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	5.9%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	11.7%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	12.6%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	27.4%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-16.6 pp vs world
Madagascar	2024	24.5%	24 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+20.2 pp vs world	18.1%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	6.7%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	11.7%	173 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	11.0%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	28.0%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-16.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 13.3% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Madagascar was 2.3 percentage points below the world value.

Latest share: 13.3%
World specialization: 0.85×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

8.8% → 8.5%

Percentage-point change: -0.4 pp

Integration1990–2010

8.5% → 9.3%

Percentage-point change: +0.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

9.3% → 13.3%

Percentage-point change: +4.0 pp

Share of total GVA13.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity73.5%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth4.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing0.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Madagascar	1970	8.8%	117 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-17.1 pp vs world	73.1%	109 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.0%	90 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	49.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1971	8.8%	117 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-16.7 pp vs world	73.1%	107 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	5.2%	84 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	0.0%	91 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1972	9.0%	119 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	32.6 / 100	-16.6 pp vs world	73.1%	108 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	1.7%	142 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	19.4 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	0.0%	92 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1973	9.4%	113 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	36.0 / 100	-16.2 pp vs world	73.1%	106 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	-2.0%	161 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	0.0%	89 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1974	8.7%	115 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-16.5 pp vs world	73.1%	104 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	6.6%	71 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	0.0%	95 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1975	8.7%	117 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-15.6 pp vs world	73.1%	103 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	0.0%	103 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	0.0%	92 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1976	8.8%	114 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-15.5 pp vs world	73.1%	103 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	-9.1%	167 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-16.3 pp vs world	0.0%	95 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1977	9.5%	109 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-14.6 pp vs world	73.1%	101 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	3.0%	103 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	0.0%	95 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1978	9.4%	114 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world	73.1%	101 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	4.2%	102 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	0.0%	95 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1979	9.4%	115 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.2 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world	73.1%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	12.8%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	0.0%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1980	8.8%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world	73.1%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	-2.7%	138 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	0.0%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1981	7.6%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	73.1%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	-22.9%	176 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-24.2 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1982	7.2%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	73.1%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-14.2%	166 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world	0.0%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1983	7.3%	135 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-14.5 pp vs world	73.1%	103 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	1.4%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.0%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1984	7.5%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world	73.1%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	13.9%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1985	7.8%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	73.1%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	1.3%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	0.0%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1986	7.5%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world	73.1%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	3.8%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	0.0%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1987	8.0%	124 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world	73.1%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	4.7%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	0.0%	112 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1988	7.8%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	73.1%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	1.7%	111 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	0.0%	121 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1989	8.8%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world	73.0%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	1.3%	114 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	0.0%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1990	8.5%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-12.3 pp vs world	73.0%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	-0.6%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	0.0%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1991	8.4%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	73.3%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	-0.5%	126 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.0%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1992	8.2%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-11.6 pp vs world	72.8%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	-0.8%	130 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	0.0%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1993	8.2%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	73.1%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	3.1%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	0.0%	130 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1994	8.0%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world	73.9%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	-1.5%	152 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	0.0%	135 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1995	8.2%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	71.3%	123 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	3.1%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	0.0%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1996	7.9%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	74.1%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	1.0%	138 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.0%	131 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1997	7.9%	152 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	76.5%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	2.5%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	0.0%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1998	8.1%	151 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.5 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	78.8%	87 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	6.9%	56 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.0 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.0%	131 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	1999	8.0%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	80.8%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	4.1%	81 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	0.0%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2000	8.3%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	74.4%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	5.8%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	0.0%	127 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2001	8.7%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	76.8%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	10.8%	38 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	0.0%	124 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2002	8.6%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	81.6%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	-18.5%	202 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	1.5 / 100	-19.6 pp vs world	0.0%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2003	9.3%	136 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	83.9%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	15.6%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	0.0%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2004	9.7%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	84.0%	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	6.6%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	-13.0 pp vs world	0.0%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2005	9.7%	130 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	83.7%	45 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	3.0%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	0.0%	136 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2006	9.7%	129 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	82.9%	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	3.3%	133 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	0.0%	137 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2007	9.6%	127 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	39.1 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	84.3%	47 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	10.8%	34 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	84.0 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	0.0%	133 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2008	10.2%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	83.5%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world	6.0%	58 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	0.0%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2009	9.5%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	82.5%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	-8.2%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	0.0%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2010	9.3%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	79.0%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	-1.9%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	0.0%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2011	9.1%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	79.5%	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	0.5%	156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.8 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	0.0%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2012	9.0%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	77.2%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	2.2%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2013	9.0%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	69.3%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	-2.2%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	0.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2014	9.4%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	67.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	2.5%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	0.0%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2015	8.9%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	67.6%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	2.8%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	0.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2016	10.7%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	76.3%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	5.6%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	0.0%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2017	9.6%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	68.0%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	4.3%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	0.0%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2018	9.9%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	63.4%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-11.6 pp vs world	4.8%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	0.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2019	10.6%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	67.2%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	4.6%	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	0.0%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2020	10.3%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	77.7%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	-12.1%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	0.0%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2021	12.0%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	75.8%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	13.8%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	0.0%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2022	13.5%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	71.3%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	8.7%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	0.0%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2023	13.6%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	73.5%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	-0.6%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	0.0%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Madagascar	2024	13.3%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	73.5%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	4.8%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	0.0%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Africa1.19×

Eastern Africa1.52×

World0.85×

Madagascar Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure