Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$93.28B2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 75 of 210

Real GDP growth0.4%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$138,5962024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP0.1%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity69.7%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing4.4%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap −11.3 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Luxembourg	1970	$1.46B	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$4,296	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	462.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1971	$1.51B	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.7%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	$4,425	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	441.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1972	$1.90B	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.6%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	$5,495	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	486.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1973	$2.61B	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	8.3%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	$7,474	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	554.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1974	$3.18B	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	4.2%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	$9,059	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	604.3 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1975	$3.12B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-6.6%	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	$8,831	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	536.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1976	$3.42B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.5%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	$9,620	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	550.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1977	$3.79B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.6%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	$10,577	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	547.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1978	$4.72B	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.1%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$13,070	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	580.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1979	$5.52B	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.3%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	$15,203	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	597.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1980	$6.02B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.8%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	$16,552	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	593.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1981	$5.05B	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-0.6%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	$13,865	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	495.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1982	$4.60B	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.1%	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	$12,607	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	461.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1983	$4.52B	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.0%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$12,378	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	450.5 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1984	$4.44B	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.2%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	$12,130	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	436.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1985	$4.58B	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.8%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$12,483	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	445.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1986	$6.69B	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	10.0%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	$18,148	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	572.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1987	$8.32B	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.0%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$22,441	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	637.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1988	$9.42B	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	8.5%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	$25,198	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	651.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1989	$10.04B	70 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	9.8%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	$26,599	7 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	669.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	70 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1990	$12.78B	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	5.3%	55 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	69.7 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	$33,478	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	771.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1991	$13.83B	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	8.6%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	$35,764	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	798.3 (world = 100)	0.1%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1992	$15.52B	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	1.8%	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$39,594	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	839.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1993	$15.93B	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	4.2%	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$40,093	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	846.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1994	$17.70B	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	3.8%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$43,972	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	883.5 (world = 100)	0.1%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1995	$20.85B	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	1.4%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	$51,083	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	939.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1996	$20.89B	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	1.4%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	$50,498	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	922.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1997	$19.56B	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	5.4%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	$46,695	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	868.6 (world = 100)	0.1%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1998	$20.15B	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	6.7%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	$47,505	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	901.4 (world = 100)	0.1%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1999	$21.90B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	8.2%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	$50,941	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	942.8 (world = 100)	0.1%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2000	$21.23B	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	6.9%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$48,678	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	886.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2001	$21.39B	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	3.1%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$48,415	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	898.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2002	$23.65B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	3.2%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$52,980	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	958.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2003	$29.67B	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	2.6%	140 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	$65,659	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1072.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2004	$35.06B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	4.2%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$76,511	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	1124.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2005	$37.67B	68 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	2.5%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	$80,952	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1111.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	68 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2006	$42.91B	68 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	6.0%	87 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	$90,745	3 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1163.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	68 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2007	$51.59B	67 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	8.1%	53 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.9 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	$107,413	3 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1236.9 (world = 100)	0.1%	67 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2008	$58.84B	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-0.3%	180 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	13.5 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	$120,338	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1278.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2009	$54.47B	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-3.2%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	$109,331	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1239.4 (world = 100)	0.1%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2010	$56.21B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	3.8%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$110,786	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1161.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2011	$61.70B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	1.0%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	$118,971	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1135.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2012	$59.78B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	1.6%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	$112,584	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1065.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2013	$65.20B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	3.2%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$120,001	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1116.3 (world = 100)	0.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2014	$68.80B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	2.6%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	$123,688	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1134.8 (world = 100)	0.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2015	$60.07B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	2.3%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	$105,475	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1035.6 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2016	$62.22B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	5.0%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	$106,626	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1042.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2017	$65.71B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	1.3%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	$110,164	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1023.3 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2018	$71.09B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	1.6%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	$116,898	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1033.9 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2019	$69.87B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	2.7%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$112,667	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	992.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2020	$73.67B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-0.5%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	$116,827	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1066.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2021	$86.39B	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	6.9%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$134,922	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1086.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2022	$80.80B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-1.1%	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	$123,680	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	965.9 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2023	$88.79B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	$133,497	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1007.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2024	$93.28B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.4%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	$138,596	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1013.6 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

LuxembourgEuropeWestern EuropeWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Luxembourg is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

LuxembourgWestern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$1.46B → $12.78B

Compound annual change: +11.5% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$12.78B → $56.21B

Compound annual change: +7.7% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$56.21B → $93.28B

Compound annual change: +3.7% CAGR

Nominal GDP$93.28B2024 · Published series · World rank 75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$78.27B2024 · Published series · World rank 77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP0.1%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Luxembourg	1970	$1.46B	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.37B	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1971	$1.51B	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.73B	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1972	$1.90B	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$14.63B	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1973	$2.61B	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.85B	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1974	$3.18B	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$16.52B	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1975	$3.12B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.43B	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1976	$3.42B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.82B	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1977	$3.79B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$16.07B	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1978	$4.72B	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$16.73B	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1979	$5.52B	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.12B	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1980	$6.02B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.26B	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1981	$5.05B	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.17B	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1982	$4.60B	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.36B	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1983	$4.52B	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.88B	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1984	$4.44B	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$18.99B	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1985	$4.58B	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$19.52B	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1986	$6.69B	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$21.47B	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1987	$8.32B	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$22.31B	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1988	$9.42B	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$24.20B	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1989	$10.04B	70 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.57B	64 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	70 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1990	$12.78B	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$27.99B	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1991	$13.83B	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$30.41B	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1992	$15.52B	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$30.96B	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1993	$15.93B	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$32.26B	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1994	$17.70B	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$33.49B	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1995	$20.85B	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$33.97B	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1996	$20.89B	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$34.45B	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1997	$19.56B	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$36.31B	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1998	$20.15B	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$38.74B	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1999	$21.90B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$41.91B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2000	$21.23B	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$44.81B	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2001	$21.39B	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$46.19B	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2002	$23.65B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$47.68B	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2003	$29.67B	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$48.93B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2004	$35.06B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$51.00B	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2005	$37.67B	68 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$52.27B	66 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	68 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2006	$42.91B	68 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$55.41B	67 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	68 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2007	$51.59B	67 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$59.90B	66 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	67 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2008	$58.84B	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$59.72B	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2009	$54.47B	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$57.78B	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2010	$56.21B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$59.96B	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2011	$61.70B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$60.58B	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2012	$59.78B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$61.58B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2013	$65.20B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$63.54B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2014	$68.80B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$65.20B	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2015	$60.07B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$66.68B	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2016	$62.22B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$70.00B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2017	$65.71B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$70.92B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2018	$71.09B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$72.07B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2019	$69.87B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$74.05B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2020	$73.67B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$73.67B	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2021	$86.39B	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$78.78B	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2022	$80.80B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$77.91B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2023	$88.79B	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$77.99B	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2024	$93.28B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$78.27B	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Europe$27.20T2024

Western Europe$11.28T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Luxembourg is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

LuxembourgWestern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$4,296 → $33,478

Compound annual change: +10.8% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$33,478 → $110,786

Compound annual change: +6.2% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$110,786 → $138,596

Compound annual change: +1.6% CAGR

GDP per person$138,5962024 · Published series · World rank 3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$116,2922024 · Published series · World rank 4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Luxembourg	1970	$4,296	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	462.8 (world = 100)	$39,404	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	759.4 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1971	$4,425	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	441.8 (world = 100)	$40,144	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	757.6 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1972	$5,495	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	486.3 (world = 100)	$42,284	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	772.4 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1973	$7,474	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	554.3 (world = 100)	$45,388	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	794.4 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1974	$9,059	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	604.3 (world = 100)	$47,001	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	821.0 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1975	$8,831	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	536.6 (world = 100)	$43,632	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	770.0 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1976	$9,620	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	550.6 (world = 100)	$44,463	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	759.3 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1977	$10,577	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	547.2 (world = 100)	$44,862	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	748.8 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1978	$13,070	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	580.7 (world = 100)	$46,327	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	753.8 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1979	$15,203	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	597.3 (world = 100)	$47,173	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	750.9 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1980	$16,552	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	593.1 (world = 100)	$47,463	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	754.7 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1981	$13,865	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	495.0 (world = 100)	$47,101	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	747.9 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1982	$12,607	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	461.9 (world = 100)	$47,559	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	765.6 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1983	$12,378	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	450.5 (world = 100)	$48,922	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	779.9 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1984	$12,130	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	436.9 (world = 100)	$51,891	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	804.5 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1985	$12,483	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	445.8 (world = 100)	$53,229	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	811.6 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1986	$18,148	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	572.3 (world = 100)	$58,266	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	876.8 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1987	$22,441	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	637.2 (world = 100)	$60,179	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	889.9 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1988	$25,198	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	651.2 (world = 100)	$64,749	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	932.9 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1989	$26,599	7 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	669.3 (world = 100)	$70,416	5 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	97.8 / 100	995.8 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1990	$33,478	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	771.7 (world = 100)	$73,322	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1024.5 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1991	$35,764	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	798.3 (world = 100)	$78,607	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1103.6 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1992	$39,594	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	839.2 (world = 100)	$78,986	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1104.0 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1993	$40,093	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	846.7 (world = 100)	$81,219	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1133.2 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1994	$43,972	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	883.5 (world = 100)	$83,193	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1140.7 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1995	$51,083	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	939.2 (world = 100)	$83,220	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1123.1 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1996	$50,498	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	922.0 (world = 100)	$83,252	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1100.6 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1997	$46,695	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	868.6 (world = 100)	$86,676	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1118.6 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1998	$47,505	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	901.4 (world = 100)	$91,331	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1162.2 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	1999	$50,941	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	942.8 (world = 100)	$97,477	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1214.0 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2000	$48,678	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	886.7 (world = 100)	$102,750	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	1241.7 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2001	$48,415	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	898.7 (world = 100)	$104,562	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1254.5 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2002	$52,980	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	958.0 (world = 100)	$106,813	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	1270.5 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2003	$65,659	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	1072.1 (world = 100)	$108,289	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	1266.6 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2004	$76,511	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	1124.0 (world = 100)	$111,281	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	1262.7 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2005	$80,952	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1111.0 (world = 100)	$112,312	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1241.3 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2006	$90,745	3 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1163.7 (world = 100)	$117,181	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1256.1 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2007	$107,413	3 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1236.9 (world = 100)	$124,718	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1297.8 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2008	$120,338	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1278.1 (world = 100)	$122,126	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1261.9 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2009	$109,331	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1239.4 (world = 100)	$115,989	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1231.3 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2010	$110,786	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1161.2 (world = 100)	$118,163	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1216.5 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2011	$118,971	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1135.0 (world = 100)	$116,824	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1179.3 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2012	$112,584	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1065.0 (world = 100)	$115,987	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1154.0 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2013	$120,001	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1116.3 (world = 100)	$116,933	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1145.9 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2014	$123,688	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1134.8 (world = 100)	$117,212	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1128.2 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2015	$105,475	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1035.6 (world = 100)	$117,082	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1105.7 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2016	$106,626	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1042.1 (world = 100)	$119,968	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1115.7 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2017	$110,164	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	1023.3 (world = 100)	$118,902	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1081.5 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2018	$116,898	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1033.9 (world = 100)	$118,512	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1055.5 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2019	$112,667	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	992.7 (world = 100)	$119,402	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1047.2 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2020	$116,827	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1066.0 (world = 100)	$116,827	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1066.0 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2021	$134,922	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1086.7 (world = 100)	$123,035	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1063.9 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2022	$123,680	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	965.9 (world = 100)	$119,256	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1006.4 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2023	$133,497	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1007.2 (world = 100)	$117,259	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	970.0 (world = 100)
Luxembourg	2024	$138,596	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	1013.6 (world = 100)	$116,292	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	943.6 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Europe$36,4082024

Western Europe$55,8372024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Luxembourg is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

LuxembourgWestern EuropeEuropeWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

2.7% → 5.3%

Average annual rate: +3.8%

Integration1990–2010

5.3% → 3.8%

Average annual rate: +4.0%

Current era2010–2024

3.8% → 0.4%

Average annual rate: +2.1%

Real GDP growth0.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth-0.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator125.82024 · Published series · World rank 81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Luxembourg	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	15.4	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100
Luxembourg	1971	2.7%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	1.9%	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	15.3	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100
Luxembourg	1972	6.6%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	5.3%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	16.2	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100
Luxembourg	1973	8.3%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	7.3%	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	18.2	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100
Luxembourg	1974	4.2%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	3.6%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	21.3	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100
Luxembourg	1975	-6.6%	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	-7.2%	159 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	21.1	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100
Luxembourg	1976	2.5%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	1.9%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	23.7	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100
Luxembourg	1977	1.6%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	0.9%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	23.9	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100
Luxembourg	1978	4.1%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	3.3%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	25.2	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100
Luxembourg	1979	2.3%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	1.8%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	26.8	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100
Luxembourg	1980	0.8%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	0.6%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	28.9	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100
Luxembourg	1981	-0.6%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	-0.8%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	30.9	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100
Luxembourg	1982	1.1%	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	1.0%	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	34.3	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100
Luxembourg	1983	3.0%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	2.9%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	36.6	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100
Luxembourg	1984	6.2%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	6.1%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	38.2	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100
Luxembourg	1985	2.8%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	2.6%	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	39.4	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100
Luxembourg	1986	10.0%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	9.5%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	39.4	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100
Luxembourg	1987	4.0%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.3%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	39.4	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100
Luxembourg	1988	8.5%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	7.6%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	40.5	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100
Luxembourg	1989	9.8%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	8.8%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	42.1	66 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100
Luxembourg	1990	5.3%	55 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	69.7 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	4.1%	46 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	74.7 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	43.2	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100
Luxembourg	1991	8.6%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	7.2%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	44.0	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100
Luxembourg	1992	1.8%	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	0.5%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	45.6	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100
Luxembourg	1993	4.2%	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	2.8%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	48.4	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100
Luxembourg	1994	3.8%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	2.4%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	50.1	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100
Luxembourg	1995	1.4%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	0.0%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	51.2	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100
Luxembourg	1996	1.4%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	0.0%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	53.2	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100
Luxembourg	1997	5.4%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	4.1%	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	54.6	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100
Luxembourg	1998	6.7%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	5.4%	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	53.5	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100
Luxembourg	1999	8.2%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	6.7%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	56.0	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100
Luxembourg	2000	6.9%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	5.4%	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	58.6	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100
Luxembourg	2001	3.1%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	1.8%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	59.1	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100
Luxembourg	2002	3.2%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	2.2%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	59.9	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100
Luxembourg	2003	2.6%	140 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	1.4%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	61.2	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100
Luxembourg	2004	4.2%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	2.8%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	63.1	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100
Luxembourg	2005	2.5%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.9%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	66.2	99 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100
Luxembourg	2006	6.0%	87 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	4.3%	89 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	57.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	70.4	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100
Luxembourg	2007	8.1%	53 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.9 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	6.4%	60 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	71.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	71.8	102 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100
Luxembourg	2008	-0.3%	180 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	13.5 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-2.1%	180 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	13.5 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	76.5	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100
Luxembourg	2009	-3.2%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-5.0%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	77.2	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100
Luxembourg	2010	3.8%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	1.9%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	80.8	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100
Luxembourg	2011	1.0%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	-1.1%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	83.6	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100
Luxembourg	2012	1.6%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	-0.7%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	86.3	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100
Luxembourg	2013	3.2%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	0.8%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	88.3	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100
Luxembourg	2014	2.6%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	0.2%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	90.7	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100
Luxembourg	2015	2.3%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	-0.1%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	92.7	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100
Luxembourg	2016	5.0%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	2.5%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	91.7	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100
Luxembourg	2017	1.3%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	-0.9%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	93.7	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100
Luxembourg	2018	1.6%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	-0.3%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	95.4	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100
Luxembourg	2019	2.7%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	0.8%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	96.3	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100
Luxembourg	2020	-0.5%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	-2.2%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Luxembourg	2021	6.9%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	5.3%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	105.9	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100
Luxembourg	2022	-1.1%	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	-3.1%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	112.5	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100
Luxembourg	2023	0.1%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	-1.7%	194 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	120.3	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100
Luxembourg	2024	0.4%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	-0.8%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	125.8	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Europe1.3%2024

Western Europe0.5%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Luxembourg is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

LuxembourgWestern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

57.4% → 63.7%

Percentage-point change: +6.3 pp

Integration1990–2010

63.7% → 50.2%

Percentage-point change: -13.6 pp

Current era2010–2024

50.2% → 52.4%

Percentage-point change: +2.2 pp

Final consumption52.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption33.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 202 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption19.1%2024 · Published series · World rank 73 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand68.2%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 204 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Luxembourg	1970	57.4%	165 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-15.3 pp vs world	46.9%	160 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	10.6%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	79.4%	166 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-21.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1971	62.6%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	50.9%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	11.8%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	87.9%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1972	61.5%	165 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world	49.7%	157 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	11.9%	122 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	85.8%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1973	56.7%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	45.4%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	11.4%	125 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	79.8%	167 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-20.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1974	54.4%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-17.4 pp vs world	42.8%	159 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-12.9 pp vs world	11.6%	122 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	72.5%	167 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-27.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1975	68.8%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	53.6%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	15.1%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	88.3%	160 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-12.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1976	67.5%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	52.5%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	14.9%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	86.9%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1977	71.4%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	55.3%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	16.0%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	88.8%	162 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1978	69.7%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	53.8%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	15.8%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	91.0%	162 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1979	70.0%	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	53.7%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	16.1%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	88.8%	160 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1980	71.6%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	54.5%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	16.9%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	93.0%	157 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1981	74.3%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	56.5%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	17.6%	80 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	95.2%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1982	72.7%	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	56.0%	135 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	16.6%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	93.9%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1983	71.4%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	55.3%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	15.9%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	92.1%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1984	69.6%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	54.0%	137 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	15.5%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	90.7%	162 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1985	70.7%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	54.6%	133 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	15.9%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	87.9%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1986	67.2%	160 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	51.5%	144 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	15.5%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	87.9%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1987	68.9%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	52.3%	142 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	16.4%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	92.4%	155 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1988	66.6%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	50.8%	145 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	15.6%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	90.9%	159 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1989	63.5%	162 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	48.2%	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	15.2%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	87.6%	165 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1990	63.7%	182 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.7 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	48.1%	180 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.3 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	15.6%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	88.4%	189 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1991	63.2%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	48.1%	177 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	15.1%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	89.6%	188 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1992	62.2%	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world	46.4%	187 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	15.7%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	85.1%	196 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-14.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1993	60.3%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-15.3 pp vs world	44.7%	185 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world	15.6%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	83.4%	199 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-16.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1994	59.5%	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-16.0 pp vs world	44.4%	186 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-14.6 pp vs world	15.2%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	81.4%	201 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.0 / 100	-18.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1995	60.1%	197 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-14.8 pp vs world	44.4%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world	15.7%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	80.6%	202 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	1.5 / 100	-18.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1996	60.0%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-15.0 pp vs world	44.0%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-14.8 pp vs world	16.1%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	79.7%	201 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.0 / 100	-19.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1997	58.3%	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-16.8 pp vs world	42.6%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-16.5 pp vs world	15.7%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	79.6%	200 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.5 / 100	-19.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1998	58.9%	198 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-16.8 pp vs world	43.6%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-16.0 pp vs world	15.3%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	81.2%	197 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-18.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1999	56.4%	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-19.5 pp vs world	41.4%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-18.4 pp vs world	15.0%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	80.0%	197 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-19.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2000	54.6%	192 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-21.0 pp vs world	40.1%	189 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-19.6 pp vs world	14.5%	114 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	77.1%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-22.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2001	56.2%	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-20.3 pp vs world	40.8%	188 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-19.3 pp vs world	15.3%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	78.4%	196 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-21.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2002	57.5%	192 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-19.3 pp vs world	41.6%	188 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-18.6 pp vs world	16.0%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	78.0%	196 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-21.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2003	58.0%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-18.8 pp vs world	41.6%	189 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-18.2 pp vs world	16.4%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	79.3%	194 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-20.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2004	56.5%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-19.4 pp vs world	40.1%	188 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-19.0 pp vs world	16.4%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	77.8%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-22.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2005	54.9%	188 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-20.5 pp vs world	38.3%	190 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-20.4 pp vs world	16.6%	83 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	76.4%	194 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-23.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2006	51.4%	189 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	9.2 / 100	-23.1 pp vs world	36.2%	189 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	8.7 / 100	-21.8 pp vs world	15.2%	95 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	70.4%	197 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-28.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2007	48.8%	190 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	8.7 / 100	-25.1 pp vs world	34.4%	192 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-23.1 pp vs world	14.4%	109 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	68.3%	198 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-30.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2008	48.6%	192 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100	-25.3 pp vs world	34.2%	195 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-22.9 pp vs world	14.5%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	69.2%	199 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	-30.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2009	51.5%	199 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-24.6 pp vs world	35.4%	199 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	-22.7 pp vs world	16.1%	108 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	67.7%	206 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	-31.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2010	50.2%	195 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-24.4 pp vs world	34.4%	194 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-22.7 pp vs world	15.8%	107 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	68.3%	202 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-30.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2011	50.5%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-23.3 pp vs world	34.4%	197 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	5.8 / 100	-22.1 pp vs world	16.0%	103 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	69.7%	199 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	-29.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2012	50.6%	195 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-23.1 pp vs world	34.3%	194 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-22.3 pp vs world	16.3%	103 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	69.4%	201 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-29.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2013	49.6%	197 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-24.0 pp vs world	33.3%	198 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-23.3 pp vs world	16.4%	108 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	67.8%	203 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-31.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2014	48.8%	200 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	-24.8 pp vs world	32.7%	201 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-24.0 pp vs world	16.1%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	67.9%	203 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-31.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2015	48.5%	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	-25.2 pp vs world	32.5%	204 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-24.5 pp vs world	16.0%	115 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	67.5%	206 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	-32.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2016	48.3%	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	-25.5 pp vs world	32.6%	205 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	-24.6 pp vs world	15.7%	114 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	66.2%	207 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.0 / 100	-33.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2017	49.4%	203 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.3 / 100	-23.9 pp vs world	33.2%	204 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-23.7 pp vs world	16.2%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	68.3%	206 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	-30.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2018	50.4%	201 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	4.3 / 100	-22.4 pp vs world	33.7%	203 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-22.7 pp vs world	16.8%	95 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	67.4%	205 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	-31.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2019	50.8%	201 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	4.3 / 100	-22.2 pp vs world	33.6%	204 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-22.8 pp vs world	17.2%	96 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	69.5%	207 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.0 / 100	-29.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2020	48.8%	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-24.4 pp vs world	30.3%	205 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	-25.1 pp vs world	18.4%	100 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	66.7%	208 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	0.5 / 100	-32.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2021	47.6%	202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-24.4 pp vs world	30.3%	203 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-24.6 pp vs world	17.3%	103 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	66.3%	205 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	-32.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2022	50.5%	199 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-21.4 pp vs world	32.5%	202 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-23.1 pp vs world	18.1%	84 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	60.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	67.6%	202 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-31.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2023	51.4%	202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-21.6 pp vs world	33.0%	202 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-23.4 pp vs world	18.4%	80 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	67.8%	204 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-31.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2024	52.4%	202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-20.9 pp vs world	33.3%	202 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-23.3 pp vs world	19.1%	73 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	68.2%	204 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-31.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Europe74.5%2024

Western Europe74.3%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Luxembourg is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

LuxembourgWestern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

22.0% → 24.7%

Percentage-point change: +2.7 pp

Integration1990–2010

24.7% → 18.1%

Percentage-point change: -6.6 pp

Current era2010–2024

18.1% → 15.8%

Percentage-point change: -2.2 pp

Gross capital formation15.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 173 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation15.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 182 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories0.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 68 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Luxembourg	1970	22.0%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	20.6%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1971	25.3%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	25.4%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1972	24.3%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	24.9%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1973	23.1%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	24.4%	67 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1974	18.0%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	22.0%	83 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1975	19.5%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	24.8%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1976	19.4%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	22.3%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1977	17.4%	137 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	22.4%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1978	21.3%	116 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	34.7 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	21.5%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1979	18.8%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	21.8%	107 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1980	21.5%	121 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.8 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	24.2%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1981	20.9%	122 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	22.7%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1982	21.2%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	22.3%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1983	20.7%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	19.0%	112 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1984	21.1%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	17.9%	115 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.2 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Luxembourg	1985	17.3%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	15.8%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	-0.9%	125 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1986	20.7%	103 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	20.1%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	-0.6%	123 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1987	23.5%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	23.1%	67 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-0.5%	122 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1988	24.3%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	23.2%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	-0.8%	134 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1989	24.0%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	22.7%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	-0.9%	136 of 152 · highest-to-lowest	10.6 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1990	24.7%	88 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	23.0%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	-1.2%	152 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1991	26.4%	64 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	24.8%	62 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	-1.1%	153 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1992	23.0%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	21.0%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	-1.3%	149 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1993	23.1%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	23.3%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	-0.2%	123 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1994	21.9%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	22.0%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	-0.3%	138 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	18.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1995	20.4%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	20.7%	107 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	-0.2%	143 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1996	19.7%	135 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	19.6%	127 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	0.1%	120 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1997	21.3%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	20.6%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	0.8%	87 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1998	22.3%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	21.3%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	1.0%	64 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1999	23.7%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	23.3%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	0.4%	85 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2000	22.6%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	21.7%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	0.9%	81 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2001	22.2%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	21.4%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	0.8%	76 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2002	20.4%	130 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	20.4%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	0.1%	129 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2003	21.3%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	21.3%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.0%	142 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2004	21.3%	126 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.7 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	20.9%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	0.4%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2005	21.5%	129 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	20.9%	120 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	42.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	0.6%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2006	19.0%	161 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.3 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	18.3%	155 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.2 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	0.8%	98 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2007	19.5%	157 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	18.6%	159 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	0.9%	94 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2008	20.6%	160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	19.9%	156 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	0.7%	104 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	42.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2009	16.2%	176 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	16.8%	172 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.8 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	-0.6%	124 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2010	18.1%	168 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.7 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	16.3%	180 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	1.8%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2011	19.3%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	19.3%	150 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	0.0%	147 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2012	18.8%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	18.7%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	0.1%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2013	18.1%	160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	18.3%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	-0.1%	142 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	19.4 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2014	19.1%	154 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	18.9%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	0.2%	126 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2015	19.0%	159 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.0 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	17.6%	168 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.7 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	1.4%	49 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2016	17.9%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	17.3%	168 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.7 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	0.6%	79 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2017	18.9%	161 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.1 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	17.3%	166 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.7 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	1.6%	41 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2018	17.0%	174 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.8 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	16.1%	177 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	15.4 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	0.9%	83 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2019	18.7%	161 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.1 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	18.0%	161 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.1 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	0.6%	83 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2020	17.9%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	17.2%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	0.7%	66 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2021	18.7%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	18.2%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	0.5%	108 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	37.1 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2022	17.0%	168 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.7 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	16.6%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	0.4%	123 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2023	16.4%	175 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	15.9%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	0.5%	79 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2024	15.8%	173 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.3 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	15.2%	182 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	0.6%	68 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	58.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Europe21.8%2024

Western Europe21.8%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Luxembourg is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

LuxembourgWestern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

160.8% → 187.8%

Percentage-point change: +27.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

187.8% → 293.7%

Percentage-point change: +105.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

293.7% → 351.3%

Percentage-point change: +57.6 pp

Exports191.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports159.7%2024 · Published series · World rank 2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports31.8%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness351.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Luxembourg	1970	89.8%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+78.5 pp vs world	71.0%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+59.8 pp vs world	18.7%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+18.7 pp vs world	160.8%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+138.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1971	89.0%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+77.6 pp vs world	79.2%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+67.8 pp vs world	9.9%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	168.2%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+145.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1972	83.7%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+71.9 pp vs world	72.0%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+60.4 pp vs world	11.7%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	155.7%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+132.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1973	90.2%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+77.0 pp vs world	71.9%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+58.9 pp vs world	18.4%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+18.1 pp vs world	162.1%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+135.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1974	103.7%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+87.6 pp vs world	76.4%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+60.3 pp vs world	27.3%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+27.3 pp vs world	180.1%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+147.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1975	93.4%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+78.2 pp vs world	82.7%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+67.5 pp vs world	10.7%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	176.1%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+145.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1976	89.0%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+73.3 pp vs world	77.2%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+61.4 pp vs world	11.8%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	166.2%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+134.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1977	87.7%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+71.9 pp vs world	77.6%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+61.5 pp vs world	10.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	165.4%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+133.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1978	84.6%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+69.1 pp vs world	77.2%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+61.5 pp vs world	7.4%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	161.9%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+130.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1979	91.8%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+74.9 pp vs world	81.5%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+64.3 pp vs world	10.4%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	173.3%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+139.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1980	89.4%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+71.1 pp vs world	83.7%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+65.1 pp vs world	5.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	173.1%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+136.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1981	87.5%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+69.5 pp vs world	84.0%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+65.6 pp vs world	3.6%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	171.5%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+135.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1982	89.9%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+72.9 pp vs world	85.0%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+67.7 pp vs world	4.9%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	174.9%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+140.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1983	91.2%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+74.7 pp vs world	84.5%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+67.7 pp vs world	6.7%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	175.6%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+142.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1984	102.1%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+85.2 pp vs world	93.2%	13 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+76.1 pp vs world	8.9%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	195.4%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+161.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1985	109.6%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+93.1 pp vs world	97.0%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+80.3 pp vs world	12.6%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world	206.6%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+173.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1986	100.3%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+84.4 pp vs world	88.3%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+72.2 pp vs world	12.0%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	188.5%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+156.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1987	97.5%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+81.0 pp vs world	90.0%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+73.4 pp vs world	7.5%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	187.4%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+154.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1988	99.0%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+82.1 pp vs world	89.9%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+72.7 pp vs world	9.2%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	188.9%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+154.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1989	101.8%	7 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+84.4 pp vs world	89.2%	11 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+71.4 pp vs world	12.6%	9 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	191.0%	6 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+155.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1990	99.7%	8 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+80.8 pp vs world	88.1%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+68.9 pp vs world	11.6%	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	187.8%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+149.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1991	99.6%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+81.0 pp vs world	89.1%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+70.4 pp vs world	10.5%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	188.7%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+151.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1992	98.6%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+78.8 pp vs world	83.9%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+64.5 pp vs world	14.6%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	182.5%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+143.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1993	98.9%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+80.1 pp vs world	82.5%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+64.2 pp vs world	16.3%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+15.9 pp vs world	181.4%	8 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+144.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1994	102.1%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+82.7 pp vs world	83.6%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+64.7 pp vs world	18.5%	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+18.0 pp vs world	185.8%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+147.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1995	104.5%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+83.9 pp vs world	85.1%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+64.9 pp vs world	19.4%	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+18.9 pp vs world	189.5%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+148.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1996	108.0%	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+86.9 pp vs world	87.7%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+67.0 pp vs world	20.3%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+19.9 pp vs world	195.6%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+153.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1997	116.2%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+94.2 pp vs world	95.9%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+74.4 pp vs world	20.4%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+19.8 pp vs world	212.1%	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+168.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1998	127.7%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+105.9 pp vs world	108.9%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+87.4 pp vs world	18.8%	8 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+18.5 pp vs world	236.6%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+193.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1999	129.9%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+108.1 pp vs world	110.0%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+88.4 pp vs world	20.0%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world	239.9%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+196.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2000	147.6%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+124.1 pp vs world	124.8%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+101.3 pp vs world	22.9%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+22.7 pp vs world	272.4%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+225.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2001	146.2%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+123.3 pp vs world	124.6%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+101.6 pp vs world	21.6%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+21.7 pp vs world	270.8%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+224.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2002	136.4%	3 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+113.2 pp vs world	114.3%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+91.3 pp vs world	22.0%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+21.8 pp vs world	250.7%	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+204.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2003	132.8%	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+108.9 pp vs world	112.1%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+88.4 pp vs world	20.7%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+20.5 pp vs world	245.0%	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+197.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2004	143.7%	4 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+118.0 pp vs world	121.5%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+96.1 pp vs world	22.2%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+21.9 pp vs world	265.2%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+214.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2005	153.8%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+126.8 pp vs world	130.3%	6 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+103.6 pp vs world	23.6%	14 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+23.2 pp vs world	284.1%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+230.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2006	167.7%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+139.0 pp vs world	138.1%	5 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+110.1 pp vs world	29.6%	11 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+28.9 pp vs world	305.9%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+249.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2007	169.6%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+140.0 pp vs world	137.9%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+109.1 pp vs world	31.7%	10 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+30.9 pp vs world	307.5%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+249.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2008	161.5%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+130.5 pp vs world	130.7%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+100.5 pp vs world	30.8%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+30.0 pp vs world	292.2%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+231.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2009	147.9%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+121.7 pp vs world	115.6%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+90.0 pp vs world	32.3%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+31.7 pp vs world	263.5%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+211.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2010	162.7%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+134.1 pp vs world	131.0%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+103.3 pp vs world	31.7%	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+30.8 pp vs world	293.7%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+237.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2011	169.5%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+139.1 pp vs world	139.2%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+109.8 pp vs world	30.3%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+29.4 pp vs world	308.7%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+248.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2012	171.2%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+141.1 pp vs world	140.6%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+111.4 pp vs world	30.6%	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+29.7 pp vs world	311.8%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+252.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2013	176.4%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+146.3 pp vs world	144.2%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+115.1 pp vs world	32.2%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+31.2 pp vs world	320.5%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+261.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2014	182.8%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+153.0 pp vs world	150.6%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+121.7 pp vs world	32.1%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+31.3 pp vs world	333.4%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+274.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2015	191.8%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+163.7 pp vs world	159.3%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+131.8 pp vs world	32.5%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+31.9 pp vs world	351.1%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+295.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2016	191.1%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+163.9 pp vs world	157.3%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+130.9 pp vs world	33.8%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+33.0 pp vs world	348.4%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+294.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2017	192.7%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+164.7 pp vs world	161.0%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+133.7 pp vs world	31.7%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+31.0 pp vs world	353.8%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+298.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2018	197.2%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+168.1 pp vs world	164.6%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+136.4 pp vs world	32.6%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+31.7 pp vs world	361.9%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+304.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2019	206.6%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+178.5 pp vs world	176.1%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+148.6 pp vs world	30.5%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+29.9 pp vs world	382.7%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+327.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2020	204.4%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+178.3 pp vs world	171.1%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+145.7 pp vs world	33.3%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+32.6 pp vs world	375.6%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+324.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2021	215.6%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+187.0 pp vs world	181.9%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+154.2 pp vs world	33.7%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+32.7 pp vs world	397.5%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+341.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2022	222.3%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+191.4 pp vs world	189.9%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+159.8 pp vs world	32.4%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+31.6 pp vs world	412.2%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+351.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2023	217.4%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+188.3 pp vs world	185.2%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+156.9 pp vs world	32.2%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+31.5 pp vs world	402.6%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+345.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2024	191.5%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+162.5 pp vs world	159.7%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+131.6 pp vs world	31.8%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+30.9 pp vs world	351.3%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+294.2 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Europe88.4%2024

Western Europe97.2%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 69.7%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.2%

1970–1990-2.2 pp1990–2010-1.2 pp2010–2024-0.1 pp

World specialization: 0.05×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities5.7%

1970–1990-26.1 pp1990–2010-15.0 pp2010–2024-1.2 pp

World specialization: 0.27×

Construction4.9%

1970–1990+0.7 pp1990–2010-2.0 pp2010–2024-0.3 pp

World specialization: 0.85×

Trade, restaurants and hotels9.8%

1970–1990+1.8 pp1990–2010-4.4 pp2010–2024-1.6 pp

World specialization: 0.68×

Transport, storage and communication9.6%

1970–1990+0.8 pp1990–2010+1.5 pp2010–2024-1.5 pp

World specialization: 0.99×

Other activities69.7%

1970–1990+25.0 pp1990–2010+21.1 pp2010–2024+4.7 pp

World specialization: 1.57×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

18.9% → 43.9%

Percentage-point change: +25.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

43.9% → 65.0%

Percentage-point change: +21.1 pp

Current era2010–2024

65.0% → 69.7%

Percentage-point change: +4.7 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.05×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities0.27×

Construction0.85×

Trade, restaurants and hotels0.68×

Transport, storage and communication0.99×

Other activities1.57×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Luxembourg	1970	3.7%	155 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	48.0%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+17.2 pp vs world	6.5%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	14.0%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	8.8%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	18.9%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1971	3.6%	154 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	12.6 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	42.4%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	7.6%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	15.3%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	9.5%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	21.7%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1972	3.7%	154 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	12.6 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	39.6%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	8.2%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	14.8%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	9.4%	37 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	24.3%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1973	3.7%	152 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	42.1%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	7.8%	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	14.7%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	8.8%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	23.0%	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1974	2.8%	155 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	43.9%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	7.7%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	14.6%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	8.5%	49 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	22.6%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1975	2.9%	153 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	13.1 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	31.0%	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	8.3%	42 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.8 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	16.4%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	8.1%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	33.4%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1976	2.4%	157 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	10.9 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	32.1%	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	7.1%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	15.7%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	8.1%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	34.6%	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1977	2.5%	155 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	28.8%	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	6.9%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	16.1%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	8.2%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	37.5%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1978	2.6%	154 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	12.6 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	29.5%	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	6.6%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	16.0%	74 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	8.6%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	36.8%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1979	2.6%	154 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	12.6 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	30.8%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	6.7%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	17.2%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	9.3%	44 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	33.4%	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1980	2.4%	156 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	30.4%	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	7.7%	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	18.3%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	9.4%	39 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	31.9%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1981	2.4%	153 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	13.1 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	29.0%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	7.1%	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	18.1%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	8.9%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	34.5%	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1982	2.6%	152 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	26.4%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	5.5%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	15.9%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	7.1%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	42.4%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1983	2.1%	158 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	24.1%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	5.1%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	14.9%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	7.3%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	46.4%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1984	2.0%	158 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	26.0%	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	4.9%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	15.1%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	8.2%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	43.8%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1985	2.0%	158 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	24.0%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	4.7%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	14.8%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	7.5%	92 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	47.0%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1986	1.9%	158 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	24.3%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	4.9%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	14.7%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	8.3%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	45.9%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1987	1.8%	159 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	22.0%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	5.5%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	15.1%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	8.6%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	47.0%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1988	1.7%	158 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	22.4%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	6.3%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	15.2%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	8.9%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	45.6%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1989	1.7%	159 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	23.9%	82 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	6.4%	62 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	15.5%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	9.4%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	43.1%	28 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1990	1.5%	186 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	8.9 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	21.9%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	7.2%	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	15.8%	82 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	9.6%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	43.9%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1991	1.1%	192 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	19.0%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	7.5%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	15.5%	86 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	10.0%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	46.8%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1992	1.2%	191 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	17.9%	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	7.5%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	14.8%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	10.5%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	48.1%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1993	1.2%	191 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	17.3%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	7.6%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	14.7%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	10.5%	38 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	48.7%	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1994	1.0%	194 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	15.6%	144 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.2 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	6.7%	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	13.6%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	10.4%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	52.5%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1995	1.0%	192 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	15.2%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	6.6%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	13.2%	131 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	10.2%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	53.8%	8 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1996	0.9%	193 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	14.2%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	6.4%	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	13.2%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	10.4%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	54.9%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1997	0.8%	194 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	14.2%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	6.4%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	12.6%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	10.9%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	55.2%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1998	0.9%	191 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	14.3%	152 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	6.7%	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	12.6%	143 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	11.9%	31 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	53.6%	8 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1999	0.8%	192 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	12.9%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	6.4%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	12.0%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	12.0%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	55.8%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2000	0.7%	192 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	12.5%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	6.1%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	11.6%	159 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	11.8%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	57.2%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2001	0.6%	194 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	11.9%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	6.2%	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	12.1%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	12.3%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	56.7%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2002	0.8%	192 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	11.5%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	6.4%	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	12.1%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	11.9%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	57.3%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2003	0.5%	194 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	11.8%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	6.3%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	11.8%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	11.6%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	57.9%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2004	0.6%	193 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	11.2%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world	6.2%	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	10.9%	170 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	11.5%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	59.7%	5 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	98.0 / 100	+15.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2005	0.4%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	10.6%	168 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world	5.7%	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	10.1%	183 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	11.7 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	11.6%	44 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	61.6%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+17.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2006	0.3%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	9.6%	169 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	5.5%	110 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	10.2%	181 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	12.6 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	10.8%	51 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	63.6%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2007	0.4%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	10.5%	167 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world	5.7%	108 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	9.3%	190 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	10.8%	50 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	76.2 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	63.3%	4 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2008	0.3%	197 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	8.8%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-15.3 pp vs world	5.4%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	11.3%	171 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	18.3 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	10.5%	60 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	63.5%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+20.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2009	0.3%	199 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	6.8%	188 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.5 / 100	-15.5 pp vs world	5.5%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	11.1%	177 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	15.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	11.3%	46 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	65.2%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+20.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2010	0.3%	199 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	6.9%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-16.7 pp vs world	5.2%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	11.4%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	11.1%	45 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	78.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	65.0%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+21.1 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2011	0.3%	200 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	6.8%	188 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.5 / 100	-17.5 pp vs world	5.1%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	13.7%	132 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	11.0%	44 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	79.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	63.1%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+19.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2012	0.3%	196 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	6.4%	189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.0 / 100	-17.7 pp vs world	5.3%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	12.4%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	11.0%	44 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	79.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	64.6%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+21.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2013	0.3%	198 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	6.4%	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-17.3 pp vs world	5.2%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	12.4%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	10.2%	72 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	65.4%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+22.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2014	0.3%	197 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	6.7%	188 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.5 / 100	-16.6 pp vs world	5.4%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	12.0%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	10.4%	65 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	69.2 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	65.2%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+21.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2015	0.2%	198 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	7.4%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	5.2%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	11.1%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	10.5%	72 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	65.6%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+21.3 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2016	0.2%	199 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	7.8%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	5.4%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	11.3%	180 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	9.7%	82 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	65.5%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+20.7 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2017	0.3%	199 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	6.6%	188 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.5 / 100	-15.4 pp vs world	5.3%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	11.3%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	10.2%	66 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	66.4%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+22.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2018	0.3%	198 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	6.8%	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-15.7 pp vs world	5.3%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	10.6%	187 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	10.6 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	10.6%	56 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	66.4%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+22.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2019	0.2%	200 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	6.9%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-14.8 pp vs world	5.9%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	10.6%	184 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	10.3%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	66.0%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+21.5 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2020	0.2%	201 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	6.8%	188 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.5 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world	5.7%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	9.3%	190 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	11.2%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	66.8%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+21.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2021	0.2%	201 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	6.4%	189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.0 / 100	-15.9 pp vs world	5.3%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	9.1%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	11.6%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	67.5%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+23.4 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2022	0.3%	198 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	5.5%	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-17.3 pp vs world	4.6%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	8.9%	189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.0 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	12.0%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	68.8%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+25.6 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2023	0.2%	200 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	5.7%	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-16.1 pp vs world	4.5%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	10.3%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	11.1%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	68.2%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+24.2 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2024	0.2%	201 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	5.7%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-15.4 pp vs world	4.9%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	9.8%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	9.6%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	69.7%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+25.2 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 4.4% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Luxembourg was 11.3 percentage points below the world value.

Latest share: 4.4%
World specialization: 0.28×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

40.9% → 19.6%

Percentage-point change: -21.3 pp

Integration1990–2010

19.6% → 5.5%

Percentage-point change: -14.1 pp

Current era2010–2024

5.5% → 4.4%

Percentage-point change: -1.2 pp

Share of total GVA4.4%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity76.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth6.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing0.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Luxembourg	1970	40.9%	2 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	99.4 / 100	+15.0 pp vs world	85.2%	69 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.1%	61 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1971	34.8%	3 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	98.9 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	82.2%	83 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-0.6%	159 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	0.0%	67 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1972	32.5%	7 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	82.1%	84 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	6.3%	83 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	0.0%	62 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1973	36.0%	3 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	98.9 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	85.5%	70 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	10.5%	46 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.3 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	0.1%	61 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1974	38.9%	2 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	99.4 / 100	+13.8 pp vs world	88.7%	50 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.0 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	6.8%	70 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	0.1%	60 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1975	25.4%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	82.0%	78 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	-19.7%	173 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-16.8 pp vs world	0.0%	65 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1976	27.2%	19 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	84.8%	66 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	4.5%	107 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	0.0%	65 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1977	24.1%	27 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	85.1 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	83.5%	70 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	-0.1%	136 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	0.0%	70 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1978	25.4%	21 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	86.0%	61 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	4.3%	100 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	0.0%	66 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1979	26.7%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	86.5%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	3.6%	109 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.0%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1980	26.3%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	86.5%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	-1.2%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.0%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1981	24.8%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	85.7%	67 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world	-5.9%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	0.0%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1982	23.2%	26 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	87.9%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+13.8 pp vs world	1.8%	83 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	0.0%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1983	21.3%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	88.4%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	3.5%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	0.0%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1984	23.2%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	89.2%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+14.6 pp vs world	11.5%	32 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	0.0%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1985	21.4%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	88.8%	31 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.0 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	5.5%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	0.0%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1986	21.8%	39 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	89.7%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	16.2%	11 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world	0.0%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1987	19.6%	49 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	89.1%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	-3.3%	156 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	0.0%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1988	20.1%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	89.7%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	7.8%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	0.0%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1989	21.7%	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	90.8%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world	10.6%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	0.0%	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1990	19.6%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	89.3%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	1.7%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	0.0%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1991	16.7%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	88.1%	41 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	1.3%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	0.0%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1992	15.7%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	87.6%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	2.7%	88 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1993	15.0%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	86.6%	44 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	3.3%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1994	13.5%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	86.4%	47 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	4.6%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.0%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1995	13.2%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	86.5%	44 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	2.2%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	0.0%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1996	12.1%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	85.4%	47 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	0.1%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	0.0%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1997	12.2%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	86.0%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	6.7%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1998	12.3%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	86.2%	41 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	3.6%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	0.0%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	1999	11.0%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	85.2%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	9.4%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2000	10.8%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	86.2%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world	5.0%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	0.0%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2001	10.2%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	85.3%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	-2.4%	165 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	0.0%	79 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2002	9.7%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	84.4%	47 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world	4.7%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2003	9.9%	131 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.3 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	83.7%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	12.2%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	0.0%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2004	9.3%	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	83.4%	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	-1.6%	182 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100	-21.1 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2005	8.8%	138 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	83.0%	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	-0.8%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	0.0%	79 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2006	7.9%	146 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	82.1%	57 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	-4.2%	191 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	0.0%	81 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2007	8.9%	135 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	85.0%	45 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world	16.7%	19 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	91.3 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	0.0%	80 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2008	7.4%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	84.4%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world	-18.9%	205 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	1.4 / 100	-20.1 pp vs world	0.0%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2009	5.2%	173 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	76.3%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	-18.8%	195 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2010	5.5%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world	79.3%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	5.1%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	0.0%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2011	5.4%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world	79.9%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	-10.4%	202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-14.8 pp vs world	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2012	5.1%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world	79.9%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	5.0%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	0.0%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2013	5.1%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	78.8%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	11.7%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2014	5.3%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	78.4%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	5.2%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2015	6.0%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	81.0%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	19.2%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world	0.0%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2016	6.3%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	81.4%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	5.8%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	0.0%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2017	5.2%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	79.7%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	-15.8%	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-19.1 pp vs world	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2018	5.5%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world	80.6%	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.6%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2019	5.6%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	80.5%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	13.8%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	0.0%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2020	5.4%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	79.7%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	-2.9%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	0.0%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2021	5.1%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world	80.1%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	2.4%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	0.0%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2022	4.3%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	78.4%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	-8.7%	195 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	0.0%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2023	4.4%	173 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	78.2%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	20.7%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+19.1 pp vs world	0.0%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Luxembourg	2024	4.4%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world	76.3%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	6.8%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Europe0.30×

Western Europe0.28×

World0.28×

Luxembourg Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure