01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$42.76B2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 101 of 210

Real GDP growth-0.3%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$31,4322024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP0.0%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity47.0%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing12.9%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap −2.7 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table35 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Estonia	1990	$5.68B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	Not published	Not published	Not published	Not published	$3,615	Not published	Not published	83.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	$5.40B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-8.0%	Not published	Not published	-9.2 pp vs world	$3,449	Not published	Not published	77.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	$4.35B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-21.2%	Not published	Not published	-23.2 pp vs world	$2,826	Not published	Not published	59.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	$4.20B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-5.7%	Not published	Not published	-7.5 pp vs world	$2,792	Not published	Not published	59.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	$4.20B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-2.0%	Not published	Not published	-5.3 pp vs world	$2,849	Not published	Not published	57.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	$4.48B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	4.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.2 pp vs world	$3,081	Not published	Not published	56.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	$4.78B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	4.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	$3,334	Not published	Not published	60.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	$5.15B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	13.1%	Not published	Not published	+9.2 pp vs world	$3,626	Not published	Not published	67.5 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	$5.67B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	4.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	$4,018	Not published	Not published	76.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	$5.76B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-0.4%	Not published	Not published	-4.0 pp vs world	$4,107	Not published	Not published	76.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	$5.69B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	10.1%	Not published	Not published	+5.6 pp vs world	$4,074	Not published	Not published	74.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	$6.25B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	5.9%	Not published	Not published	+3.8 pp vs world	$4,503	Not published	Not published	83.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	$7.37B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	6.9%	Not published	Not published	+4.7 pp vs world	$5,343	Not published	Not published	96.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	$9.88B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	7.6%	Not published	Not published	+4.6 pp vs world	$7,205	Not published	Not published	117.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	$12.15B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	6.8%	Not published	Not published	+2.4 pp vs world	$8,915	Not published	Not published	131.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	$14.11B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	9.5%	Not published	Not published	+5.5 pp vs world	$10,412	Not published	Not published	142.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	$17.03B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	9.8%	Not published	Not published	+5.3 pp vs world	$12,647	Not published	Not published	162.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	$22.45B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	7.6%	Not published	Not published	+3.2 pp vs world	$16,742	Not published	Not published	192.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	$24.31B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-5.1%	Not published	Not published	-7.1 pp vs world	$18,185	Not published	Not published	193.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	$19.64B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-14.6%	Not published	Not published	-13.2 pp vs world	$14,719	Not published	Not published	166.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	$19.54B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	2.4%	Not published	Not published	-2.0 pp vs world	$14,673	Not published	Not published	153.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	$23.30B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	7.6%	Not published	Not published	+4.3 pp vs world	$17,557	Not published	Not published	167.5 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	$23.24B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	3.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.9 pp vs world	$17,569	Not published	Not published	166.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	$25.45B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	$19,312	Not published	Not published	179.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	$27.06B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	3.3%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	$20,583	Not published	Not published	188.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	$23.31B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.3 pp vs world	$17,733	Not published	Not published	174.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	$24.56B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	3.1%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	$18,666	Not published	Not published	182.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	$27.47B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	5.6%	Not published	Not published	+2.2 pp vs world	$20,851	Not published	Not published	193.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	$31.22B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	3.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.4 pp vs world	$23,618	Not published	Not published	208.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	$31.87B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	3.7%	Not published	Not published	+1.1 pp vs world	$24,023	Not published	Not published	211.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	$31.82B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-2.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.1 pp vs world	$23,931	Not published	Not published	218.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	$37.20B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	7.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	$27,937	Not published	Not published	225.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	$38.38B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	Not published	Not published	-3.3 pp vs world	$28,425	Not published	Not published	222.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	$41.29B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-3.0%	Not published	Not published	-5.9 pp vs world	$30,201	Not published	Not published	227.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	$42.76B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	-0.3%	Not published	Not published	-3.1 pp vs world	$31,432	Not published	Not published	229.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates – 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaEuropeNorthern EuropeWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates – 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$5.68B → $5.68B

Compound annual change: 0.0% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$5.68B → $19.54B

Compound annual change: +6.4% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$19.54B → $42.76B

Compound annual change: +5.8% CAGR

Nominal GDP$42.76B2024 · Published series · World rank 101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$33.00B2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Share of world GDP0.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank unavailable

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	$5.68B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.69B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	$5.40B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$16.28B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	$4.35B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.83B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	$4.20B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.10B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	$4.20B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$11.86B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	$4.48B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.36B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	$4.78B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.97B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	$5.15B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$14.67B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	$5.67B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.30B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	$5.76B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.24B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	$5.69B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$16.77B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	$6.25B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.76B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	$7.37B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$18.99B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	$9.88B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$20.43B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	$12.15B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$21.82B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	$14.11B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$23.90B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	$17.03B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.24B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	$22.45B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$28.22B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	$24.31B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.78B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	$19.64B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$22.86B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	$19.54B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$23.42B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	$23.30B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$25.20B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	$23.24B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.12B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	$25.45B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.58B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	$27.06B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$27.47B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	$23.31B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$27.97B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	$24.56B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$28.84B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	$27.47B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$30.46B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	$31.22B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$31.59B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	$31.87B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$32.77B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	$31.82B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$31.82B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	$37.20B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$34.10B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	$38.38B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$34.12B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	$41.29B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$33.09B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	$42.76B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	$33.00B	Not published	Not published	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Europe$27.20T2024

Northern Europe$6.28T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates – 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$3,615 → $3,615

Compound annual change: 0.0% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$3,615 → $14,673

Compound annual change: +7.3% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$14,673 → $31,432

Compound annual change: +5.6% CAGR

GDP per person$31,4322024 · Published series · World rank 49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$24,2552024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	$3,615	Not published	Not published	83.3 (world = 100)	$11,268	Not published	Not published	157.4 (world = 100)
Estonia	1991	$3,449	Not published	Not published	77.0 (world = 100)	$10,400	Not published	Not published	146.0 (world = 100)
Estonia	1992	$2,826	Not published	Not published	59.9 (world = 100)	$8,332	Not published	Not published	116.5 (world = 100)
Estonia	1993	$2,792	Not published	Not published	59.0 (world = 100)	$8,041	Not published	Not published	112.2 (world = 100)
Estonia	1994	$2,849	Not published	Not published	57.2 (world = 100)	$8,034	Not published	Not published	110.2 (world = 100)
Estonia	1995	$3,081	Not published	Not published	56.6 (world = 100)	$8,509	Not published	Not published	114.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	1996	$3,334	Not published	Not published	60.9 (world = 100)	$9,042	Not published	Not published	119.5 (world = 100)
Estonia	1997	$3,626	Not published	Not published	67.5 (world = 100)	$10,317	Not published	Not published	133.1 (world = 100)
Estonia	1998	$4,018	Not published	Not published	76.2 (world = 100)	$10,843	Not published	Not published	138.0 (world = 100)
Estonia	1999	$4,107	Not published	Not published	76.0 (world = 100)	$10,855	Not published	Not published	135.2 (world = 100)
Estonia	2000	$4,074	Not published	Not published	74.2 (world = 100)	$12,007	Not published	Not published	145.1 (world = 100)
Estonia	2001	$4,503	Not published	Not published	83.6 (world = 100)	$12,794	Not published	Not published	153.5 (world = 100)
Estonia	2002	$5,343	Not published	Not published	96.6 (world = 100)	$13,767	Not published	Not published	163.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2003	$7,205	Not published	Not published	117.6 (world = 100)	$14,906	Not published	Not published	174.3 (world = 100)
Estonia	2004	$8,915	Not published	Not published	131.0 (world = 100)	$16,015	Not published	Not published	181.7 (world = 100)
Estonia	2005	$10,412	Not published	Not published	142.9 (world = 100)	$17,642	Not published	Not published	195.0 (world = 100)
Estonia	2006	$12,647	Not published	Not published	162.2 (world = 100)	$19,479	Not published	Not published	208.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2007	$16,742	Not published	Not published	192.8 (world = 100)	$21,050	Not published	Not published	219.0 (world = 100)
Estonia	2008	$18,185	Not published	Not published	193.1 (world = 100)	$20,025	Not published	Not published	206.9 (world = 100)
Estonia	2009	$14,719	Not published	Not published	166.9 (world = 100)	$17,128	Not published	Not published	181.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2010	$14,673	Not published	Not published	153.8 (world = 100)	$17,588	Not published	Not published	181.1 (world = 100)
Estonia	2011	$17,557	Not published	Not published	167.5 (world = 100)	$18,984	Not published	Not published	191.6 (world = 100)
Estonia	2012	$17,569	Not published	Not published	166.2 (world = 100)	$19,752	Not published	Not published	196.5 (world = 100)
Estonia	2013	$19,312	Not published	Not published	179.6 (world = 100)	$20,171	Not published	Not published	197.7 (world = 100)
Estonia	2014	$20,583	Not published	Not published	188.9 (world = 100)	$20,896	Not published	Not published	201.1 (world = 100)
Estonia	2015	$17,733	Not published	Not published	174.1 (world = 100)	$21,278	Not published	Not published	200.9 (world = 100)
Estonia	2016	$18,666	Not published	Not published	182.4 (world = 100)	$21,915	Not published	Not published	203.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2017	$20,851	Not published	Not published	193.7 (world = 100)	$23,122	Not published	Not published	210.3 (world = 100)
Estonia	2018	$23,618	Not published	Not published	208.9 (world = 100)	$23,895	Not published	Not published	212.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2019	$24,023	Not published	Not published	211.7 (world = 100)	$24,695	Not published	Not published	216.6 (world = 100)
Estonia	2020	$23,931	Not published	Not published	218.4 (world = 100)	$23,931	Not published	Not published	218.4 (world = 100)
Estonia	2021	$27,937	Not published	Not published	225.0 (world = 100)	$25,603	Not published	Not published	221.4 (world = 100)
Estonia	2022	$28,425	Not published	Not published	222.0 (world = 100)	$25,271	Not published	Not published	213.3 (world = 100)
Estonia	2023	$30,201	Not published	Not published	227.9 (world = 100)	$24,200	Not published	Not published	200.2 (world = 100)
Estonia	2024	$31,432	Not published	Not published	229.9 (world = 100)	$24,255	Not published	Not published	196.8 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Europe$36,4082024

Northern Europe$57,7922024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates – 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

Unavailable

Change: Unavailable

Integration1990–2010

-8.0% → 2.4%

Average annual rate: +1.8%

Current era2010–2024

2.4% → -0.3%

Average annual rate: +2.5%

Real GDP growth-0.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth0.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator136.82024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	Not published	Not published	Not published	Not published	Not published	Not published	Not published	Not published	0.3	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1991	-8.0%	Not published	Not published	-9.2 pp vs world	-7.7%	Not published	Not published	-7.2 pp vs world	0.8	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1992	-21.2%	Not published	Not published	-23.2 pp vs world	-19.9%	Not published	Not published	-20.3 pp vs world	8.0	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1993	-5.7%	Not published	Not published	-7.5 pp vs world	-3.5%	Not published	Not published	-3.7 pp vs world	14.4	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1994	-2.0%	Not published	Not published	-5.3 pp vs world	-0.1%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world	20.1	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1995	4.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.2 pp vs world	5.9%	Not published	Not published	+4.3 pp vs world	26.4	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1996	4.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	6.3%	Not published	Not published	+4.2 pp vs world	32.4	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1997	13.1%	Not published	Not published	+9.2 pp vs world	14.1%	Not published	Not published	+11.7 pp vs world	35.6	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1998	4.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	5.1%	Not published	Not published	+3.7 pp vs world	38.1	Not published	Not published
Estonia	1999	-0.4%	Not published	Not published	-4.0 pp vs world	0.1%	Not published	Not published	-2.1 pp vs world	40.5	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2000	10.1%	Not published	Not published	+5.6 pp vs world	10.6%	Not published	Not published	+7.5 pp vs world	42.0	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2001	5.9%	Not published	Not published	+3.8 pp vs world	6.6%	Not published	Not published	+5.8 pp vs world	44.9	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2002	6.9%	Not published	Not published	+4.7 pp vs world	7.6%	Not published	Not published	+6.7 pp vs world	47.1	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2003	7.6%	Not published	Not published	+4.6 pp vs world	8.3%	Not published	Not published	+6.6 pp vs world	48.9	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2004	6.8%	Not published	Not published	+2.4 pp vs world	7.4%	Not published	Not published	+4.4 pp vs world	51.2	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2005	9.5%	Not published	Not published	+5.5 pp vs world	10.2%	Not published	Not published	+7.5 pp vs world	54.2	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2006	9.8%	Not published	Not published	+5.3 pp vs world	10.4%	Not published	Not published	+7.3 pp vs world	59.1	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2007	7.6%	Not published	Not published	+3.2 pp vs world	8.1%	Not published	Not published	+5.1 pp vs world	66.4	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2008	-5.1%	Not published	Not published	-7.1 pp vs world	-4.9%	Not published	Not published	-5.6 pp vs world	70.9	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2009	-14.6%	Not published	Not published	-13.2 pp vs world	-14.5%	Not published	Not published	-11.8 pp vs world	70.6	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2010	2.4%	Not published	Not published	-2.0 pp vs world	2.7%	Not published	Not published	-0.4 pp vs world	71.9	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2011	7.6%	Not published	Not published	+4.3 pp vs world	7.9%	Not published	Not published	+6.0 pp vs world	75.9	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2012	3.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.9 pp vs world	4.0%	Not published	Not published	+2.6 pp vs world	79.1	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2013	1.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	2.1%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	82.3	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2014	3.3%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	3.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.8 pp vs world	84.7	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2015	1.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.3 pp vs world	1.8%	Not published	Not published	-0.1 pp vs world	85.8	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2016	3.1%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	3.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	87.9	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2017	5.6%	Not published	Not published	+2.2 pp vs world	5.5%	Not published	Not published	+3.3 pp vs world	91.2	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2018	3.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.4 pp vs world	3.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.2 pp vs world	95.6	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2019	3.7%	Not published	Not published	+1.1 pp vs world	3.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.8 pp vs world	99.3	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2020	-2.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.1 pp vs world	-3.1%	Not published	Not published	+0.8 pp vs world	100.0	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2021	7.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	7.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	105.4	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2022	0.1%	Not published	Not published	-3.3 pp vs world	-1.3%	Not published	Not published	-3.8 pp vs world	122.0	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2023	-3.0%	Not published	Not published	-5.9 pp vs world	-4.2%	Not published	Not published	-6.3 pp vs world	131.8	Not published	Not published
Estonia	2024	-0.3%	Not published	Not published	-3.1 pp vs world	0.2%	Not published	Not published	-1.7 pp vs world	136.8	Not published	Not published

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Europe1.3%2024

Northern Europe1.3%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates – 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

77.7% → 77.7%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

77.7% → 72.0%

Percentage-point change: -5.7 pp

Current era2010–2024

72.0% → 74.3%

Percentage-point change: +2.4 pp

Final consumption74.3%2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Household consumption53.4%2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Government consumption20.9%2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Domestic demand100.5%2024 · Derived measure · World rank unavailable

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	77.7%	Not published	Not published	+2.9 pp vs world	64.4%	Not published	Not published	+6.4 pp vs world	13.2%	Not published	Not published	-3.4 pp vs world	107.9%	Not published	Not published	+7.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	66.5%	Not published	Not published	-8.6 pp vs world	50.4%	Not published	Not published	-7.8 pp vs world	16.1%	Not published	Not published	-0.8 pp vs world	91.7%	Not published	Not published	-8.6 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	65.6%	Not published	Not published	-9.7 pp vs world	50.4%	Not published	Not published	-8.0 pp vs world	15.2%	Not published	Not published	-1.6 pp vs world	92.7%	Not published	Not published	-7.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	75.2%	Not published	Not published	-0.4 pp vs world	55.5%	Not published	Not published	-3.3 pp vs world	19.7%	Not published	Not published	+3.0 pp vs world	101.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	80.6%	Not published	Not published	+5.2 pp vs world	58.2%	Not published	Not published	-0.7 pp vs world	22.4%	Not published	Not published	+5.9 pp vs world	107.8%	Not published	Not published	+7.9 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	80.5%	Not published	Not published	+5.6 pp vs world	55.9%	Not published	Not published	-2.6 pp vs world	24.6%	Not published	Not published	+8.2 pp vs world	106.9%	Not published	Not published	+7.4 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	80.6%	Not published	Not published	+5.5 pp vs world	57.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.8 pp vs world	22.6%	Not published	Not published	+6.4 pp vs world	108.0%	Not published	Not published	+8.6 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	78.4%	Not published	Not published	+3.3 pp vs world	58.0%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	20.4%	Not published	Not published	+4.4 pp vs world	109.1%	Not published	Not published	+9.7 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	78.1%	Not published	Not published	+2.5 pp vs world	57.4%	Not published	Not published	-2.2 pp vs world	20.7%	Not published	Not published	+4.7 pp vs world	109.7%	Not published	Not published	+10.1 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	78.1%	Not published	Not published	+2.3 pp vs world	56.2%	Not published	Not published	-3.6 pp vs world	21.9%	Not published	Not published	+5.9 pp vs world	104.0%	Not published	Not published	+4.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	74.0%	Not published	Not published	-1.6 pp vs world	54.4%	Not published	Not published	-5.2 pp vs world	19.6%	Not published	Not published	+3.7 pp vs world	102.4%	Not published	Not published	+2.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	73.4%	Not published	Not published	-3.0 pp vs world	54.8%	Not published	Not published	-5.3 pp vs world	18.6%	Not published	Not published	+2.3 pp vs world	103.0%	Not published	Not published	+3.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	73.6%	Not published	Not published	-3.2 pp vs world	55.4%	Not published	Not published	-4.8 pp vs world	18.2%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world	106.5%	Not published	Not published	+6.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	73.1%	Not published	Not published	-3.6 pp vs world	55.3%	Not published	Not published	-4.6 pp vs world	17.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	108.3%	Not published	Not published	+8.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	72.8%	Not published	Not published	-3.1 pp vs world	55.4%	Not published	Not published	-3.7 pp vs world	17.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	107.5%	Not published	Not published	+7.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	71.2%	Not published	Not published	-4.2 pp vs world	54.4%	Not published	Not published	-4.4 pp vs world	16.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world	104.6%	Not published	Not published	+4.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	70.0%	Not published	Not published	-4.5 pp vs world	54.1%	Not published	Not published	-3.9 pp vs world	15.8%	Not published	Not published	-0.6 pp vs world	109.8%	Not published	Not published	+10.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	68.3%	Not published	Not published	-5.7 pp vs world	52.4%	Not published	Not published	-5.1 pp vs world	15.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world	108.3%	Not published	Not published	+9.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	71.7%	Not published	Not published	-2.2 pp vs world	53.3%	Not published	Not published	-3.8 pp vs world	18.4%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world	103.4%	Not published	Not published	+4.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	73.9%	Not published	Not published	-2.2 pp vs world	53.3%	Not published	Not published	-4.7 pp vs world	20.5%	Not published	Not published	+2.6 pp vs world	94.9%	Not published	Not published	-4.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	72.0%	Not published	Not published	-2.5 pp vs world	52.4%	Not published	Not published	-4.6 pp vs world	19.6%	Not published	Not published	+2.1 pp vs world	93.6%	Not published	Not published	-5.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	68.7%	Not published	Not published	-5.1 pp vs world	50.4%	Not published	Not published	-6.1 pp vs world	18.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	94.2%	Not published	Not published	-4.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	69.3%	Not published	Not published	-4.4 pp vs world	51.2%	Not published	Not published	-5.3 pp vs world	18.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	98.4%	Not published	Not published	-0.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	70.5%	Not published	Not published	-3.1 pp vs world	52.1%	Not published	Not published	-4.5 pp vs world	18.4%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	97.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	69.8%	Not published	Not published	-3.7 pp vs world	51.4%	Not published	Not published	-5.3 pp vs world	18.4%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world	96.6%	Not published	Not published	-2.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	71.5%	Not published	Not published	-2.2 pp vs world	52.3%	Not published	Not published	-4.8 pp vs world	19.2%	Not published	Not published	+2.6 pp vs world	96.1%	Not published	Not published	-3.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	71.8%	Not published	Not published	-2.1 pp vs world	52.4%	Not published	Not published	-4.8 pp vs world	19.3%	Not published	Not published	+2.8 pp vs world	96.5%	Not published	Not published	-2.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	70.1%	Not published	Not published	-3.2 pp vs world	51.2%	Not published	Not published	-5.7 pp vs world	18.9%	Not published	Not published	+2.5 pp vs world	96.0%	Not published	Not published	-3.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	69.8%	Not published	Not published	-3.0 pp vs world	51.1%	Not published	Not published	-5.3 pp vs world	18.8%	Not published	Not published	+2.3 pp vs world	97.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	70.0%	Not published	Not published	-3.1 pp vs world	50.8%	Not published	Not published	-5.5 pp vs world	19.1%	Not published	Not published	+2.5 pp vs world	96.3%	Not published	Not published	-3.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	71.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world	50.8%	Not published	Not published	-4.6 pp vs world	20.6%	Not published	Not published	+2.9 pp vs world	101.1%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	70.1%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world	50.2%	Not published	Not published	-4.7 pp vs world	19.9%	Not published	Not published	+3.0 pp vs world	100.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	71.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world	52.4%	Not published	Not published	-3.2 pp vs world	19.1%	Not published	Not published	+2.7 pp vs world	100.5%	Not published	Not published	+1.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	74.1%	Not published	Not published	+1.2 pp vs world	53.7%	Not published	Not published	-2.7 pp vs world	20.5%	Not published	Not published	+3.9 pp vs world	101.8%	Not published	Not published	+2.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	74.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.1 pp vs world	53.4%	Not published	Not published	-3.3 pp vs world	20.9%	Not published	Not published	+4.4 pp vs world	100.5%	Not published	Not published	+1.3 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Europe74.5%2024

Northern Europe74.0%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates – 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

30.2% → 30.2%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

30.2% → 21.6%

Percentage-point change: -8.6 pp

Current era2010–2024

21.6% → 26.2%

Percentage-point change: +4.6 pp

Gross capital formation26.2%2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Gross fixed capital formation26.1%2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Changes in inventories0.1%2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	30.2%	Not published	Not published	+4.4 pp vs world	23.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.3 pp vs world	6.5%	Not published	Not published	+5.7 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	25.3%	Not published	Not published	+0.0 pp vs world	22.1%	Not published	Not published	-2.2 pp vs world	3.2%	Not published	Not published	+2.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	27.1%	Not published	Not published	+2.4 pp vs world	21.9%	Not published	Not published	-2.0 pp vs world	5.2%	Not published	Not published	+4.4 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	26.5%	Not published	Not published	+2.3 pp vs world	24.8%	Not published	Not published	+1.1 pp vs world	1.7%	Not published	Not published	+1.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	27.2%	Not published	Not published	+2.8 pp vs world	27.5%	Not published	Not published	+3.9 pp vs world	-0.3%	Not published	Not published	-1.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	26.4%	Not published	Not published	+1.9 pp vs world	26.5%	Not published	Not published	+2.8 pp vs world	-0.1%	Not published	Not published	-1.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	27.5%	Not published	Not published	+3.1 pp vs world	27.0%	Not published	Not published	+3.3 pp vs world	0.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	30.7%	Not published	Not published	+6.4 pp vs world	28.6%	Not published	Not published	+5.1 pp vs world	2.1%	Not published	Not published	+1.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	31.6%	Not published	Not published	+7.6 pp vs world	31.3%	Not published	Not published	+8.0 pp vs world	0.3%	Not published	Not published	-0.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	25.9%	Not published	Not published	+2.0 pp vs world	25.9%	Not published	Not published	+2.4 pp vs world	-0.0%	Not published	Not published	-0.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	28.5%	Not published	Not published	+4.2 pp vs world	26.7%	Not published	Not published	+3.1 pp vs world	1.7%	Not published	Not published	+1.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	29.6%	Not published	Not published	+6.0 pp vs world	27.5%	Not published	Not published	+4.2 pp vs world	2.1%	Not published	Not published	+1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	32.9%	Not published	Not published	+10.0 pp vs world	30.6%	Not published	Not published	+7.9 pp vs world	2.4%	Not published	Not published	+2.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	35.2%	Not published	Not published	+12.0 pp vs world	32.8%	Not published	Not published	+10.0 pp vs world	2.4%	Not published	Not published	+2.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	34.6%	Not published	Not published	+10.7 pp vs world	31.7%	Not published	Not published	+8.6 pp vs world	2.9%	Not published	Not published	+2.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	33.4%	Not published	Not published	+9.1 pp vs world	32.9%	Not published	Not published	+9.2 pp vs world	0.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	39.8%	Not published	Not published	+15.0 pp vs world	36.8%	Not published	Not published	+12.8 pp vs world	3.0%	Not published	Not published	+2.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	40.0%	Not published	Not published	+14.7 pp vs world	36.4%	Not published	Not published	+12.1 pp vs world	3.6%	Not published	Not published	+2.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	31.6%	Not published	Not published	+6.3 pp vs world	31.1%	Not published	Not published	+6.8 pp vs world	0.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	21.0%	Not published	Not published	-2.4 pp vs world	22.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.0 pp vs world	-1.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	21.6%	Not published	Not published	-3.0 pp vs world	21.3%	Not published	Not published	-2.3 pp vs world	0.3%	Not published	Not published	-0.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	25.5%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world	26.4%	Not published	Not published	+2.3 pp vs world	-0.9%	Not published	Not published	-2.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	29.1%	Not published	Not published	+3.7 pp vs world	28.5%	Not published	Not published	+4.0 pp vs world	0.6%	Not published	Not published	-0.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	26.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	27.6%	Not published	Not published	+3.0 pp vs world	-0.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	26.7%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	25.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world	1.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	24.6%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	24.1%	Not published	Not published	-1.0 pp vs world	0.6%	Not published	Not published	-0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	24.7%	Not published	Not published	-0.7 pp vs world	24.0%	Not published	Not published	-0.9 pp vs world	0.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	25.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.0 pp vs world	25.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	0.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	27.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	26.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	1.3%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	26.4%	Not published	Not published	-0.0 pp vs world	26.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.8 pp vs world	-0.3%	Not published	Not published	-0.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	29.7%	Not published	Not published	+3.4 pp vs world	31.2%	Not published	Not published	+5.2 pp vs world	-1.5%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	30.5%	Not published	Not published	+3.4 pp vs world	28.7%	Not published	Not published	+2.7 pp vs world	1.8%	Not published	Not published	+0.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	29.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.8 pp vs world	25.8%	Not published	Not published	-0.2 pp vs world	3.2%	Not published	Not published	+1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	27.7%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	27.9%	Not published	Not published	+2.2 pp vs world	-0.2%	Not published	Not published	-0.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	26.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world	26.1%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	0.1%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Europe21.8%2024

Northern Europe20.5%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates – 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

91.8% → 91.8%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

91.8% → 143.7%

Percentage-point change: +51.8 pp

Current era2010–2024

143.7% → 152.0%

Percentage-point change: +8.3 pp

Exports76.3%2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Imports75.7%2024 · Published series · World rank unavailable

Net exports0.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank unavailable

Trade openness152.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank unavailable

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	42.0%	Not published	Not published	+23.0 pp vs world	49.9%	Not published	Not published	+30.7 pp vs world	-7.9%	Not published	Not published	-7.7 pp vs world	91.8%	Not published	Not published	+53.7 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	32.3%	Not published	Not published	+13.7 pp vs world	25.5%	Not published	Not published	+6.8 pp vs world	6.8%	Not published	Not published	+6.8 pp vs world	57.8%	Not published	Not published	+20.5 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	56.0%	Not published	Not published	+36.3 pp vs world	50.5%	Not published	Not published	+31.1 pp vs world	5.5%	Not published	Not published	+5.2 pp vs world	106.6%	Not published	Not published	+67.4 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	63.7%	Not published	Not published	+44.9 pp vs world	67.5%	Not published	Not published	+49.2 pp vs world	-3.8%	Not published	Not published	-4.3 pp vs world	131.3%	Not published	Not published	+94.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	68.9%	Not published	Not published	+49.5 pp vs world	78.8%	Not published	Not published	+59.8 pp vs world	-9.9%	Not published	Not published	-10.4 pp vs world	147.7%	Not published	Not published	+109.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	65.9%	Not published	Not published	+45.3 pp vs world	73.2%	Not published	Not published	+53.0 pp vs world	-7.3%	Not published	Not published	-7.8 pp vs world	139.1%	Not published	Not published	+98.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	61.3%	Not published	Not published	+40.2 pp vs world	71.7%	Not published	Not published	+51.0 pp vs world	-10.4%	Not published	Not published	-10.9 pp vs world	133.0%	Not published	Not published	+91.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	70.4%	Not published	Not published	+48.4 pp vs world	80.7%	Not published	Not published	+59.2 pp vs world	-10.3%	Not published	Not published	-10.8 pp vs world	151.1%	Not published	Not published	+107.6 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	73.6%	Not published	Not published	+51.8 pp vs world	83.2%	Not published	Not published	+61.7 pp vs world	-9.6%	Not published	Not published	-9.9 pp vs world	156.8%	Not published	Not published	+113.6 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	69.9%	Not published	Not published	+48.0 pp vs world	74.3%	Not published	Not published	+52.7 pp vs world	-4.4%	Not published	Not published	-4.6 pp vs world	144.1%	Not published	Not published	+100.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	61.6%	Not published	Not published	+38.1 pp vs world	64.9%	Not published	Not published	+41.4 pp vs world	-3.2%	Not published	Not published	-3.4 pp vs world	126.5%	Not published	Not published	+79.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	61.3%	Not published	Not published	+38.4 pp vs world	65.3%	Not published	Not published	+42.3 pp vs world	-4.0%	Not published	Not published	-3.9 pp vs world	126.5%	Not published	Not published	+80.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	57.9%	Not published	Not published	+34.7 pp vs world	65.3%	Not published	Not published	+42.3 pp vs world	-7.4%	Not published	Not published	-7.6 pp vs world	123.3%	Not published	Not published	+77.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	57.1%	Not published	Not published	+33.2 pp vs world	65.6%	Not published	Not published	+41.8 pp vs world	-8.5%	Not published	Not published	-8.6 pp vs world	122.7%	Not published	Not published	+75.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	61.1%	Not published	Not published	+35.3 pp vs world	68.9%	Not published	Not published	+43.4 pp vs world	-7.8%	Not published	Not published	-8.1 pp vs world	129.9%	Not published	Not published	+78.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	65.4%	Not published	Not published	+38.4 pp vs world	70.5%	Not published	Not published	+43.9 pp vs world	-5.1%	Not published	Not published	-5.5 pp vs world	135.9%	Not published	Not published	+82.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	63.3%	Not published	Not published	+34.5 pp vs world	73.4%	Not published	Not published	+45.3 pp vs world	-10.1%	Not published	Not published	-10.8 pp vs world	136.6%	Not published	Not published	+79.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	62.6%	Not published	Not published	+33.0 pp vs world	71.4%	Not published	Not published	+42.5 pp vs world	-8.8%	Not published	Not published	-9.5 pp vs world	134.0%	Not published	Not published	+75.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	66.4%	Not published	Not published	+35.4 pp vs world	70.3%	Not published	Not published	+40.1 pp vs world	-3.9%	Not published	Not published	-4.6 pp vs world	136.7%	Not published	Not published	+75.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	60.9%	Not published	Not published	+34.6 pp vs world	55.9%	Not published	Not published	+30.3 pp vs world	5.0%	Not published	Not published	+4.3 pp vs world	116.8%	Not published	Not published	+64.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	75.0%	Not published	Not published	+46.5 pp vs world	68.6%	Not published	Not published	+41.0 pp vs world	6.4%	Not published	Not published	+5.5 pp vs world	143.7%	Not published	Not published	+87.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	86.3%	Not published	Not published	+55.9 pp vs world	80.5%	Not published	Not published	+51.0 pp vs world	5.8%	Not published	Not published	+4.9 pp vs world	166.7%	Not published	Not published	+106.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	85.4%	Not published	Not published	+55.2 pp vs world	83.8%	Not published	Not published	+54.6 pp vs world	1.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	169.2%	Not published	Not published	+109.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	83.5%	Not published	Not published	+53.3 pp vs world	81.1%	Not published	Not published	+52.1 pp vs world	2.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.3 pp vs world	164.6%	Not published	Not published	+105.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	80.6%	Not published	Not published	+50.9 pp vs world	77.4%	Not published	Not published	+48.4 pp vs world	3.2%	Not published	Not published	+2.4 pp vs world	158.0%	Not published	Not published	+99.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	76.0%	Not published	Not published	+47.9 pp vs world	72.5%	Not published	Not published	+45.0 pp vs world	3.6%	Not published	Not published	+3.0 pp vs world	148.5%	Not published	Not published	+92.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	75.5%	Not published	Not published	+48.3 pp vs world	72.3%	Not published	Not published	+45.9 pp vs world	3.2%	Not published	Not published	+2.4 pp vs world	147.7%	Not published	Not published	+94.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	74.3%	Not published	Not published	+46.2 pp vs world	70.3%	Not published	Not published	+43.0 pp vs world	4.0%	Not published	Not published	+3.2 pp vs world	144.6%	Not published	Not published	+89.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	72.9%	Not published	Not published	+43.8 pp vs world	70.6%	Not published	Not published	+42.3 pp vs world	2.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	143.5%	Not published	Not published	+86.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	72.0%	Not published	Not published	+43.9 pp vs world	68.3%	Not published	Not published	+40.8 pp vs world	3.7%	Not published	Not published	+3.1 pp vs world	140.4%	Not published	Not published	+84.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	68.2%	Not published	Not published	+42.1 pp vs world	69.2%	Not published	Not published	+43.8 pp vs world	-1.1%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world	137.4%	Not published	Not published	+85.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	79.5%	Not published	Not published	+50.9 pp vs world	80.8%	Not published	Not published	+53.2 pp vs world	-1.3%	Not published	Not published	-2.3 pp vs world	160.4%	Not published	Not published	+104.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	86.7%	Not published	Not published	+55.8 pp vs world	87.9%	Not published	Not published	+57.8 pp vs world	-1.2%	Not published	Not published	-2.0 pp vs world	174.6%	Not published	Not published	+113.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	77.9%	Not published	Not published	+48.8 pp vs world	77.0%	Not published	Not published	+48.7 pp vs world	0.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.1 pp vs world	154.9%	Not published	Not published	+97.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	76.3%	Not published	Not published	+47.3 pp vs world	75.7%	Not published	Not published	+47.6 pp vs world	0.6%	Not published	Not published	-0.3 pp vs world	152.0%	Not published	Not published	+94.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Europe88.4%2024

Northern Europe93.8%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 47.0%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing2.2%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010-12.0 pp2010–2024-1.5 pp

World specialization: 0.51×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities17.3%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010-17.9 pp2010–2024-4.4 pp

World specialization: 0.82×

Construction6.1%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010-1.3 pp2010–2024+0.2 pp

World specialization: 1.05×

Trade, restaurants and hotels13.9%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010+5.1 pp2010–2024+0.8 pp

World specialization: 0.96×

Transport, storage and communication13.5%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010+8.2 pp2010–2024-1.1 pp

World specialization: 1.38×

Other activities47.0%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010+18.0 pp2010–2024+5.9 pp

World specialization: 1.06×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates – 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

23.1% → 23.1%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

23.1% → 41.0%

Percentage-point change: +18.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

41.0% → 47.0%

Percentage-point change: +5.9 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.51×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities0.82×

Construction1.05×

Trade, restaurants and hotels0.96×

Transport, storage and communication1.38×

Other activities1.06×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table35 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Estonia	1990	15.7%	Not published	Not published	+10.5 pp vs world	39.6%	Not published	Not published	+13.1 pp vs world	7.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.9 pp vs world	8.0%	Not published	Not published	-6.4 pp vs world	6.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world	23.1%	Not published	Not published	-16.5 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	18.8%	Not published	Not published	+14.0 pp vs world	40.0%	Not published	Not published	+14.0 pp vs world	6.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	8.9%	Not published	Not published	-6.0 pp vs world	6.9%	Not published	Not published	-1.4 pp vs world	18.7%	Not published	Not published	-21.5 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	7.5%	Not published	Not published	+3.3 pp vs world	31.0%	Not published	Not published	+5.6 pp vs world	5.1%	Not published	Not published	-0.7 pp vs world	13.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.6 pp vs world	16.9%	Not published	Not published	+8.7 pp vs world	25.7%	Not published	Not published	-15.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	6.1%	Not published	Not published	+1.9 pp vs world	26.4%	Not published	Not published	+1.7 pp vs world	6.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	13.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.3 pp vs world	15.2%	Not published	Not published	+6.8 pp vs world	32.0%	Not published	Not published	-9.8 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	5.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world	25.5%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	6.5%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	12.3%	Not published	Not published	-2.9 pp vs world	13.9%	Not published	Not published	+5.5 pp vs world	36.1%	Not published	Not published	-5.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	4.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	24.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.0 pp vs world	6.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	13.0%	Not published	Not published	-2.1 pp vs world	12.6%	Not published	Not published	+4.0 pp vs world	38.8%	Not published	Not published	-3.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	4.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	24.1%	Not published	Not published	-0.1 pp vs world	6.0%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	14.3%	Not published	Not published	-0.6 pp vs world	12.8%	Not published	Not published	+4.2 pp vs world	38.0%	Not published	Not published	-4.4 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	4.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	23.8%	Not published	Not published	-0.2 pp vs world	6.0%	Not published	Not published	+0.4 pp vs world	13.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.2 pp vs world	13.6%	Not published	Not published	+5.0 pp vs world	38.1%	Not published	Not published	-4.7 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	5.7%	Not published	Not published	+1.8 pp vs world	21.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.7 pp vs world	6.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	14.2%	Not published	Not published	-0.9 pp vs world	14.2%	Not published	Not published	+5.2 pp vs world	37.7%	Not published	Not published	-5.8 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	4.0%	Not published	Not published	+0.4 pp vs world	20.9%	Not published	Not published	-2.1 pp vs world	5.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.1 pp vs world	14.3%	Not published	Not published	-0.8 pp vs world	15.0%	Not published	Not published	+5.9 pp vs world	40.1%	Not published	Not published	-3.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	4.3%	Not published	Not published	+0.9 pp vs world	21.9%	Not published	Not published	-1.6 pp vs world	5.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	14.2%	Not published	Not published	-0.8 pp vs world	15.9%	Not published	Not published	+6.8 pp vs world	37.7%	Not published	Not published	-5.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	3.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world	22.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.0 pp vs world	5.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	14.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.1 pp vs world	15.2%	Not published	Not published	+6.0 pp vs world	37.5%	Not published	Not published	-7.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	4.0%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	22.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	6.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	15.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.8 pp vs world	14.4%	Not published	Not published	+5.1 pp vs world	37.3%	Not published	Not published	-7.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	3.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world	22.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world	6.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.3 pp vs world	15.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.9 pp vs world	14.6%	Not published	Not published	+5.3 pp vs world	36.6%	Not published	Not published	-8.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	4.1%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	21.7%	Not published	Not published	-0.8 pp vs world	7.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	15.7%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	14.6%	Not published	Not published	+5.1 pp vs world	37.0%	Not published	Not published	-7.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	3.7%	Not published	Not published	+0.4 pp vs world	21.1%	Not published	Not published	-2.0 pp vs world	8.5%	Not published	Not published	+3.0 pp vs world	16.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	13.3%	Not published	Not published	+4.0 pp vs world	37.4%	Not published	Not published	-6.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	3.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world	20.8%	Not published	Not published	-2.7 pp vs world	9.8%	Not published	Not published	+4.1 pp vs world	16.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world	13.2%	Not published	Not published	+3.9 pp vs world	36.6%	Not published	Not published	-7.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	4.5%	Not published	Not published	+0.9 pp vs world	20.0%	Not published	Not published	-3.5 pp vs world	10.5%	Not published	Not published	+4.8 pp vs world	15.2%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	12.6%	Not published	Not published	+3.3 pp vs world	37.1%	Not published	Not published	-6.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	3.8%	Not published	Not published	+0.1 pp vs world	19.7%	Not published	Not published	-4.3 pp vs world	9.6%	Not published	Not published	+3.9 pp vs world	14.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world	12.9%	Not published	Not published	+3.6 pp vs world	39.5%	Not published	Not published	-3.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	2.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.9 pp vs world	19.8%	Not published	Not published	-2.5 pp vs world	7.1%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	13.2%	Not published	Not published	-0.9 pp vs world	13.9%	Not published	Not published	+4.7 pp vs world	43.2%	Not published	Not published	-1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	3.6%	Not published	Not published	-0.4 pp vs world	21.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.9 pp vs world	5.8%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world	13.1%	Not published	Not published	-0.9 pp vs world	14.6%	Not published	Not published	+5.6 pp vs world	41.0%	Not published	Not published	-2.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	4.2%	Not published	Not published	-0.0 pp vs world	22.1%	Not published	Not published	-2.2 pp vs world	6.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	13.6%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world	14.3%	Not published	Not published	+5.4 pp vs world	39.0%	Not published	Not published	-4.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	3.8%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world	21.0%	Not published	Not published	-3.2 pp vs world	7.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.9 pp vs world	14.0%	Not published	Not published	-0.1 pp vs world	14.2%	Not published	Not published	+5.4 pp vs world	39.7%	Not published	Not published	-3.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	3.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.9 pp vs world	21.3%	Not published	Not published	-2.5 pp vs world	6.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.4 pp vs world	13.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.2 pp vs world	14.1%	Not published	Not published	+5.2 pp vs world	40.3%	Not published	Not published	-3.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	3.6%	Not published	Not published	-0.8 pp vs world	21.6%	Not published	Not published	-1.7 pp vs world	6.1%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world	14.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.1 pp vs world	14.1%	Not published	Not published	+5.1 pp vs world	40.5%	Not published	Not published	-3.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	3.2%	Not published	Not published	-1.2 pp vs world	20.6%	Not published	Not published	-1.7 pp vs world	6.0%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world	13.6%	Not published	Not published	-0.6 pp vs world	14.0%	Not published	Not published	+4.8 pp vs world	42.5%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	2.4%	Not published	Not published	-2.0 pp vs world	20.5%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	6.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.8 pp vs world	14.5%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world	13.3%	Not published	Not published	+4.0 pp vs world	42.9%	Not published	Not published	-1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	2.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.7 pp vs world	20.2%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world	6.5%	Not published	Not published	+0.8 pp vs world	14.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world	13.1%	Not published	Not published	+3.9 pp vs world	42.9%	Not published	Not published	-1.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	2.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world	20.0%	Not published	Not published	-2.5 pp vs world	6.8%	Not published	Not published	+1.1 pp vs world	14.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	13.2%	Not published	Not published	+3.9 pp vs world	42.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	2.6%	Not published	Not published	-1.6 pp vs world	18.8%	Not published	Not published	-2.9 pp vs world	6.8%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	14.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	13.5%	Not published	Not published	+4.1 pp vs world	43.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	2.2%	Not published	Not published	-2.3 pp vs world	18.0%	Not published	Not published	-3.0 pp vs world	6.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.1 pp vs world	14.0%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	13.8%	Not published	Not published	+4.5 pp vs world	45.1%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	2.2%	Not published	Not published	-2.3 pp vs world	19.3%	Not published	Not published	-3.0 pp vs world	6.5%	Not published	Not published	+0.8 pp vs world	13.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.1 pp vs world	13.4%	Not published	Not published	+3.9 pp vs world	44.6%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	2.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.8 pp vs world	20.0%	Not published	Not published	-2.7 pp vs world	6.4%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	13.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.7 pp vs world	13.5%	Not published	Not published	+4.0 pp vs world	43.8%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	2.2%	Not published	Not published	-2.1 pp vs world	18.4%	Not published	Not published	-3.3 pp vs world	6.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.4 pp vs world	14.0%	Not published	Not published	-0.4 pp vs world	13.1%	Not published	Not published	+3.5 pp vs world	46.0%	Not published	Not published	+2.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	2.2%	Not published	Not published	-2.1 pp vs world	17.3%	Not published	Not published	-3.8 pp vs world	6.1%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	13.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world	13.5%	Not published	Not published	+3.7 pp vs world	47.0%	Not published	Not published	+2.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 12.9% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Estonia was 2.7 percentage points below the world value.

Latest share: 12.9%
World specialization: 0.82×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

32.8% → 32.8%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

32.8% → 15.8%

Percentage-point change: -17.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

15.8% → 12.9%

Percentage-point change: -2.9 pp

Share of total GVA12.9%2024 · Derived measure · World rank unavailable

Share within parent activity74.5%2024 · Derived measure · World rank unavailable

Real manufacturing growth-5.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 190 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing0.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table35 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Estonia	1990	32.8%	Not published	Not published	+12.0 pp vs world	82.6%	Not published	Not published	+4.3 pp vs world	Not published	Not published	Not published	Not published	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	36.3%	Not published	Not published	+15.8 pp vs world	90.8%	Not published	Not published	+12.0 pp vs world	-8.4%	Not published	Not published	-8.4 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	23.9%	Not published	Not published	+4.1 pp vs world	77.3%	Not published	Not published	-1.0 pp vs world	-20.3%	Not published	Not published	-19.7 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	21.1%	Not published	Not published	+1.9 pp vs world	79.9%	Not published	Not published	+2.4 pp vs world	-6.6%	Not published	Not published	-6.0 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	20.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	80.8%	Not published	Not published	+2.5 pp vs world	-3.5%	Not published	Not published	-6.9 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	19.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.0 pp vs world	78.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.2 pp vs world	10.5%	Not published	Not published	+5.5 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	18.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.0 pp vs world	76.8%	Not published	Not published	+0.3 pp vs world	-0.4%	Not published	Not published	-3.0 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	18.8%	Not published	Not published	+0.6 pp vs world	79.2%	Not published	Not published	+3.2 pp vs world	20.2%	Not published	Not published	+15.6 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	16.7%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	77.8%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	4.9%	Not published	Not published	+3.5 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	16.1%	Not published	Not published	-1.4 pp vs world	76.9%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	-1.0%	Not published	Not published	-4.3 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	17.3%	Not published	Not published	-0.1 pp vs world	79.0%	Not published	Not published	+5.1 pp vs world	20.5%	Not published	Not published	+14.1 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	18.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world	79.9%	Not published	Not published	+7.2 pp vs world	13.1%	Not published	Not published	+13.9 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	17.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.7 pp vs world	78.7%	Not published	Not published	+6.5 pp vs world	7.5%	Not published	Not published	+6.5 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	17.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.8 pp vs world	77.8%	Not published	Not published	+6.3 pp vs world	7.5%	Not published	Not published	+4.1 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	16.8%	Not published	Not published	-0.4 pp vs world	77.5%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	3.1%	Not published	Not published	-16.4 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	16.5%	Not published	Not published	-0.5 pp vs world	78.3%	Not published	Not published	+4.3 pp vs world	9.7%	Not published	Not published	+5.4 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	16.4%	Not published	Not published	-0.6 pp vs world	78.9%	Not published	Not published	+6.4 pp vs world	10.9%	Not published	Not published	+4.3 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	15.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.3 pp vs world	78.8%	Not published	Not published	+6.3 pp vs world	4.9%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	15.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.4 pp vs world	78.1%	Not published	Not published	+8.2 pp vs world	-3.7%	Not published	Not published	-4.9 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	14.2%	Not published	Not published	-2.0 pp vs world	71.8%	Not published	Not published	-0.9 pp vs world	-23.1%	Not published	Not published	-16.8 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	15.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.0 pp vs world	72.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.8 pp vs world	19.5%	Not published	Not published	+10.5 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	16.6%	Not published	Not published	-0.2 pp vs world	75.3%	Not published	Not published	+6.0 pp vs world	14.9%	Not published	Not published	+10.5 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	15.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.8 pp vs world	76.0%	Not published	Not published	+6.5 pp vs world	1.3%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	15.5%	Not published	Not published	-1.1 pp vs world	72.8%	Not published	Not published	+2.9 pp vs world	3.1%	Not published	Not published	-0.1 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	16.0%	Not published	Not published	-0.7 pp vs world	74.2%	Not published	Not published	+2.5 pp vs world	5.6%	Not published	Not published	+1.5 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	15.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.2 pp vs world	76.3%	Not published	Not published	+0.1 pp vs world	2.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.2 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	15.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.0 pp vs world	76.9%	Not published	Not published	-0.4 pp vs world	4.3%	Not published	Not published	+1.8 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	15.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.3 pp vs world	76.2%	Not published	Not published	+0.1 pp vs world	4.0%	Not published	Not published	+0.7 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	15.2%	Not published	Not published	-1.7 pp vs world	76.0%	Not published	Not published	+1.0 pp vs world	4.9%	Not published	Not published	+0.9 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	14.8%	Not published	Not published	-1.6 pp vs world	78.7%	Not published	Not published	+3.1 pp vs world	6.1%	Not published	Not published	+4.7 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	14.4%	Not published	Not published	-1.9 pp vs world	79.9%	Not published	Not published	+2.3 pp vs world	-6.2%	Not published	Not published	-3.8 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	14.9%	Not published	Not published	-1.9 pp vs world	77.1%	Not published	Not published	+1.6 pp vs world	12.0%	Not published	Not published	+3.1 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	13.8%	Not published	Not published	-2.6 pp vs world	68.7%	Not published	Not published	-3.2 pp vs world	-7.3%	Not published	Not published	-9.3 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	13.5%	Not published	Not published	-2.5 pp vs world	73.4%	Not published	Not published	-0.0 pp vs world	-4.5%	Not published	Not published	-6.1 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	12.9%	Not published	Not published	-2.7 pp vs world	74.5%	Not published	Not published	+0.5 pp vs world	-5.2%	Not published	Not published	-8.2 pp vs world	0.0%	Not published	Not published	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Europe0.89×

Northern Europe1.04×

World0.82×

Estonia Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure