Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$1.32T2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 17 of 210

Real GDP growth3.2%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$15,1272024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP1.2%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity32.0%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing19.4%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap +3.7 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Türkiye	1970	$25.07B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$684	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	73.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1971	$23.61B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.6%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	$629	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	62.8 (world = 100)	0.6%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1972	$29.68B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	7.4%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	$772	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	68.4 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1973	$37.31B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	3.3%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	$949	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	70.4 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1974	$51.41B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	5.6%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	$1,279	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	85.3 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1975	$64.26B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	7.2%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	$1,565	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	95.1 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1976	$73.57B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	10.5%	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	$1,756	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	100.5 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1977	$83.88B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	3.4%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$1,961	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	101.4 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1978	$92.58B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	1.5%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	$2,121	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	94.2 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1979	$126.39B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	-0.6%	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	$2,840	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	111.6 (world = 100)	1.1%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1980	$94.77B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	-2.4%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	$2,087	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	74.8 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1981	$97.86B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	4.9%	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	$2,113	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	75.4 (world = 100)	0.8%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1982	$88.92B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	3.6%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	$1,879	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	68.9 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1983	$84.97B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	5.0%	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	$1,754	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	63.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1984	$82.64B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	6.7%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	$1,667	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	60.0 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1985	$92.62B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	4.2%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	$1,827	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	65.3 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1986	$104.32B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	7.0%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	$2,015	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	63.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1987	$120.08B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	9.5%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	$2,272	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	64.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1988	$125.16B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	2.1%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	$2,322	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	60.0 (world = 100)	0.6%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1989	$147.60B	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.3%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	$2,685	69 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	67.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1990	$207.57B	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	9.3%	20 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	$3,706	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	85.4 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1991	$208.07B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$3,650	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	81.5 (world = 100)	0.9%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1992	$219.17B	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	6.0%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	$3,779	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	80.1 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1993	$248.55B	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	8.0%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	$4,213	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	89.0 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1994	$179.99B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	-5.5%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	$2,998	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	60.2 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1995	$233.25B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	7.2%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	$3,822	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	70.3 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1996	$249.98B	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	7.0%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	$4,035	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	73.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1997	$261.58B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	7.5%	40 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.0 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	$4,162	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	77.4 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1998	$275.94B	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	3.1%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$4,330	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	82.1 (world = 100)	0.9%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1999	$256.40B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	-3.3%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	$3,969	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	73.5 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2000	$274.29B	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	6.9%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$4,192	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	76.4 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2001	$201.75B	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	-5.8%	203 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	1.5 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	$3,046	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	56.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2002	$240.25B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	6.4%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	$3,583	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	64.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2003	$314.60B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	5.8%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	$4,638	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	75.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2004	$408.87B	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	9.8%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	$5,961	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	87.6 (world = 100)	0.9%	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2005	$506.31B	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	9.0%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	$7,303	75 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.3 / 100	100.2 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2006	$557.08B	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	6.9%	66 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$7,953	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	102.0 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2007	$681.32B	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	5.0%	121 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	$9,630	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	110.9 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2008	$770.45B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	0.8%	162 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	$10,766	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	114.3 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2009	$649.29B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	-4.8%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	$8,960	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	101.6 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2010	$776.97B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	8.4%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	$10,593	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	111.0 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2011	$838.79B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	11.2%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	$11,302	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	107.8 (world = 100)	1.1%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2012	$880.56B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	4.8%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	$11,710	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	110.8 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2013	$957.80B	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	8.5%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	$12,536	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	116.6 (world = 100)	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2014	$938.93B	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	4.9%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	$12,032	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	110.4 (world = 100)	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2015	$864.31B	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	6.1%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	$10,802	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	106.1 (world = 100)	1.1%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2016	$869.68B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	3.3%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	$10,651	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	104.1 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2017	$858.99B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	7.5%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	$10,339	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	96.0 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2018	$778.97B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	3.0%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$9,228	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	81.6 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2019	$761.01B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.8%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	$8,915	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	78.6 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2020	$720.34B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	1.9%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	$8,367	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	76.3 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2021	$819.87B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	11.4%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	$9,458	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	76.2 (world = 100)	0.8%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2022	$907.12B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	5.5%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	$10,420	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	81.4 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2023	$1.12T	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	5.1%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	$12,814	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	96.7 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2024	$1.32T	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	3.2%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$15,127	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	110.6 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

TürkiyeAsiaWestern AsiaWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Türkiye is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

TürkiyeWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$25.07B → $207.57B

Compound annual change: +11.1% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$207.57B → $776.97B

Compound annual change: +6.8% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$776.97B → $1.32T

Compound annual change: +3.9% CAGR

Nominal GDP$1.32T2024 · Published series · World rank 17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$918.81B2024 · Published series · World rank 19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP1.2%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Türkiye	1970	$25.07B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$82.51B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.7%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1971	$23.61B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$87.11B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1972	$29.68B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$93.57B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1973	$37.31B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$96.63B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1974	$51.41B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$102.03B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1975	$64.26B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$109.35B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1976	$73.57B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$120.79B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1977	$83.88B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$124.90B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1978	$92.58B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$126.78B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1979	$126.39B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$125.99B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.1%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1980	$94.77B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$122.91B	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1981	$97.86B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$128.88B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.8%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1982	$88.92B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$133.47B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1983	$84.97B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$140.10B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1984	$82.64B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$149.50B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1985	$92.62B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$155.85B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1986	$104.32B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$166.78B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1987	$120.08B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$182.60B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1988	$125.16B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$186.47B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1989	$147.60B	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$186.94B	27 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1990	$207.57B	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$204.24B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1991	$208.07B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$206.13B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.9%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1992	$219.17B	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$218.47B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1993	$248.55B	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$236.04B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1994	$179.99B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$223.16B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1995	$233.25B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$239.21B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1996	$249.98B	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$255.96B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1997	$261.58B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$275.23B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1998	$275.94B	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$283.74B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.9%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1999	$256.40B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$274.49B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2000	$274.29B	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$293.52B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2001	$201.75B	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$276.64B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2002	$240.25B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$294.48B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2003	$314.60B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$311.45B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2004	$408.87B	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$341.96B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.9%	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2005	$506.31B	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$372.71B	23 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2006	$557.08B	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$398.60B	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2007	$681.32B	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$418.71B	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2008	$770.45B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$422.12B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2009	$649.29B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$401.76B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2010	$776.97B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$435.62B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2011	$838.79B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$484.40B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	1.1%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2012	$880.56B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$507.60B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2013	$957.80B	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$550.67B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2014	$938.93B	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$577.88B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2015	$864.31B	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$613.04B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	1.1%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2016	$869.68B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$633.41B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2017	$858.99B	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$680.93B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2018	$778.97B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$701.44B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2019	$761.01B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$707.19B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2020	$720.34B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$720.34B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2021	$819.87B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$802.74B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.8%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2022	$907.12B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$847.16B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2023	$1.12T	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$890.46B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2024	$1.32T	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$918.81B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Asia$40.60T2024

Western Asia$4.80T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Türkiye is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

TürkiyeWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$684 → $3,706

Compound annual change: +8.8% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$3,706 → $10,593

Compound annual change: +5.4% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$10,593 → $15,127

Compound annual change: +2.6% CAGR

GDP per person$15,1272024 · Published series · World rank 81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$10,5042024 · Published series · World rank 87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Türkiye	1970	$684	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	73.7 (world = 100)	$2,252	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	43.4 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1971	$629	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	62.8 (world = 100)	$2,322	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	43.8 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1972	$772	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	68.4 (world = 100)	$2,435	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	44.5 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1973	$949	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	70.4 (world = 100)	$2,457	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	43.0 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1974	$1,279	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	85.3 (world = 100)	$2,537	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	44.3 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1975	$1,565	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	95.1 (world = 100)	$2,664	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	47.0 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1976	$1,756	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	100.5 (world = 100)	$2,883	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	49.2 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1977	$1,961	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	101.4 (world = 100)	$2,920	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	48.7 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1978	$2,121	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	94.2 (world = 100)	$2,905	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	47.3 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1979	$2,840	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	111.6 (world = 100)	$2,831	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	45.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1980	$2,087	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	74.8 (world = 100)	$2,707	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	43.0 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1981	$2,113	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	75.4 (world = 100)	$2,782	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	44.2 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1982	$1,879	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	68.9 (world = 100)	$2,820	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	45.4 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1983	$1,754	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	63.8 (world = 100)	$2,892	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	46.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1984	$1,667	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	60.0 (world = 100)	$3,016	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	46.8 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1985	$1,827	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	65.3 (world = 100)	$3,075	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	46.9 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1986	$2,015	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	63.5 (world = 100)	$3,221	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	48.5 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1987	$2,272	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	64.5 (world = 100)	$3,455	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	51.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1988	$2,322	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	60.0 (world = 100)	$3,459	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	49.8 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1989	$2,685	69 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	67.6 (world = 100)	$3,400	91 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	48.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1990	$3,706	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	85.4 (world = 100)	$3,646	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	50.9 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1991	$3,650	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	81.5 (world = 100)	$3,616	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	50.8 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1992	$3,779	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	80.1 (world = 100)	$3,767	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	52.7 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1993	$4,213	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	89.0 (world = 100)	$4,001	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	55.8 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1994	$2,998	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	60.2 (world = 100)	$3,717	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	51.0 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1995	$3,822	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	70.3 (world = 100)	$3,920	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	52.9 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1996	$4,035	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	73.7 (world = 100)	$4,132	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	54.6 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1997	$4,162	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	77.4 (world = 100)	$4,379	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	56.5 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1998	$4,330	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	82.1 (world = 100)	$4,452	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	56.7 (world = 100)
Türkiye	1999	$3,969	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	73.5 (world = 100)	$4,250	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	52.9 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2000	$4,192	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	76.4 (world = 100)	$4,486	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	54.2 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2001	$3,046	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	56.5 (world = 100)	$4,176	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	50.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2002	$3,583	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	64.8 (world = 100)	$4,392	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	52.2 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2003	$4,638	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	75.7 (world = 100)	$4,591	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	53.7 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2004	$5,961	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	87.6 (world = 100)	$4,985	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	56.6 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2005	$7,303	75 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.3 / 100	100.2 (world = 100)	$5,376	102 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	59.4 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2006	$7,953	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	102.0 (world = 100)	$5,691	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	61.0 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2007	$9,630	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	110.9 (world = 100)	$5,918	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	61.6 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2008	$10,766	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	114.3 (world = 100)	$5,899	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	61.0 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2009	$8,960	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	101.6 (world = 100)	$5,544	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	58.9 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2010	$10,593	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	111.0 (world = 100)	$5,939	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	61.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2011	$11,302	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	107.8 (world = 100)	$6,527	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	65.9 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2012	$11,710	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	110.8 (world = 100)	$6,750	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	67.2 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2013	$12,536	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	116.6 (world = 100)	$7,207	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	70.6 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2014	$12,032	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	110.4 (world = 100)	$7,405	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	71.3 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2015	$10,802	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	106.1 (world = 100)	$7,662	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	72.4 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2016	$10,651	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	104.1 (world = 100)	$7,757	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	72.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2017	$10,339	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	96.0 (world = 100)	$8,196	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	74.5 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2018	$9,228	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	81.6 (world = 100)	$8,309	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	74.0 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2019	$8,915	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	78.6 (world = 100)	$8,285	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	72.7 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2020	$8,367	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	76.3 (world = 100)	$8,367	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	76.3 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2021	$9,458	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	76.2 (world = 100)	$9,260	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	80.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2022	$10,420	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	81.4 (world = 100)	$9,731	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	82.1 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2023	$12,814	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	96.7 (world = 100)	$10,203	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	84.4 (world = 100)
Türkiye	2024	$15,127	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	110.6 (world = 100)	$10,504	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	85.2 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Asia$8,4482024

Western Asia$15,5262024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Türkiye is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

TürkiyeWestern AsiaAsiaWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

5.6% → 9.3%

Average annual rate: +4.7%

Integration1990–2010

9.3% → 8.4%

Average annual rate: +4.2%

Current era2010–2024

8.4% → 3.2%

Average annual rate: +5.7%

Real GDP growth3.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth2.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator674.12024 · Published series · World rank 7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Türkiye	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1971	5.6%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	3.1%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1972	7.4%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	4.9%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1973	3.3%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	0.9%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1974	5.6%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	3.3%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1975	7.2%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	5.0%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1976	10.5%	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	8.2%	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1977	3.4%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	1.3%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1978	1.5%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	-0.5%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1979	-0.6%	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-2.6%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1980	-2.4%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	-4.4%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1981	4.9%	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	2.8%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1982	3.6%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	1.4%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1983	5.0%	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	2.5%	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1984	6.7%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	4.3%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	0.0	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100
Türkiye	1985	4.2%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	2.0%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.0	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100
Türkiye	1986	7.0%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	4.8%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	0.0	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100
Türkiye	1987	9.5%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	7.3%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.0	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100
Türkiye	1988	2.1%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	0.1%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	0.0	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100
Türkiye	1989	0.3%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	-1.7%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100
Türkiye	1990	9.3%	20 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	7.2%	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	0.0	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100
Türkiye	1991	0.9%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	-0.8%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	0.1	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100
Türkiye	1992	6.0%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	4.2%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	0.1	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100
Türkiye	1993	8.0%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	6.2%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	0.2	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100
Türkiye	1994	-5.5%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	-7.1%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	0.3	197 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100
Türkiye	1995	7.2%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	5.5%	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	0.6	197 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100
Türkiye	1996	7.0%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	5.4%	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	1.1	201 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100
Türkiye	1997	7.5%	40 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.0 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	6.0%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	2.1	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100
Türkiye	1998	3.1%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	1.7%	128 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.6	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100
Türkiye	1999	-3.3%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	-4.5%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	5.6	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100
Türkiye	2000	6.9%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	5.6%	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	8.3	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100
Türkiye	2001	-5.8%	203 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	1.5 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	-6.9%	202 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	2.0 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	12.8	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100
Türkiye	2002	6.4%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	5.2%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	17.5	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100
Türkiye	2003	5.8%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	4.5%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	21.6	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100
Türkiye	2004	9.8%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	8.6%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	24.3	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100
Türkiye	2005	9.0%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	7.8%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	26.0	185 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100
Türkiye	2006	6.9%	66 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	5.9%	65 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	28.5	188 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100
Türkiye	2007	5.0%	121 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	4.0%	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	30.3	191 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	8.2 / 100
Türkiye	2008	0.8%	162 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	-0.3%	161 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	33.9	192 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100
Türkiye	2009	-4.8%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	-6.0%	180 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	35.7	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100
Türkiye	2010	8.4%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	7.1%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	38.2	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100
Türkiye	2011	11.2%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	9.9%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	41.4	194 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100
Türkiye	2012	4.8%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	3.4%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	44.5	194 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100
Türkiye	2013	8.5%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	6.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	47.2	194 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100
Türkiye	2014	4.9%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	2.7%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	50.7	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100
Türkiye	2015	6.1%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	3.5%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	54.7	197 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100
Türkiye	2016	3.3%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	1.3%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	59.2	197 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100
Türkiye	2017	7.5%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	5.6%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	65.7	200 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100
Türkiye	2018	3.0%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	1.4%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	76.5	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100
Türkiye	2019	0.8%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-0.3%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	87.1	197 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100
Türkiye	2020	1.9%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	1.0%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Türkiye	2021	11.4%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	10.7%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	129.0	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100
Türkiye	2022	5.5%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	5.1%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	252.8	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100
Türkiye	2023	5.1%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	4.9%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	425.4	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100
Türkiye	2024	3.2%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	2.9%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	674.1	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Asia3.9%2024

Western Asia2.1%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Türkiye is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

TürkiyeWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

75.7% → 73.2%

Percentage-point change: -2.5 pp

Integration1990–2010

73.2% → 77.6%

Percentage-point change: +4.3 pp

Current era2010–2024

77.6% → 74.2%

Percentage-point change: -3.4 pp

Final consumption74.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption59.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption14.7%2024 · Published series · World rank 125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand99.7%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 126 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Türkiye	1970	75.7%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	68.0%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	7.7%	159 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	93.0%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1971	78.6%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	70.4%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	8.3%	157 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	94.6%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1972	78.6%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	69.8%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	8.8%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	95.2%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1973	77.3%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	67.8%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	9.5%	147 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	94.3%	147 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1974	77.2%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	68.7%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	8.5%	152 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	93.7%	145 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1975	77.3%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	67.7%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	9.6%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	94.9%	152 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1976	75.0%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	64.6%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	10.4%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	97.0%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1977	77.7%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	66.2%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	11.6%	126 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	99.7%	129 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1978	79.2%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	69.0%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	10.2%	142 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	97.7%	143 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1979	79.3%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	69.7%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world	9.6%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	98.9%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1980	82.6%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	75.5%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+19.1 pp vs world	7.0%	162 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	97.3%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1981	75.8%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	66.7%	84 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.8 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	9.1%	156 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	93.2%	162 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1982	76.4%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	68.5%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	7.9%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	94.7%	160 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1983	78.1%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	69.4%	74 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	8.7%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	96.5%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1984	78.1%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	70.6%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	7.5%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	96.5%	142 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1985	73.8%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	66.4%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	7.5%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	94.6%	142 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1986	70.4%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	62.9%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	7.5%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	94.0%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1987	70.3%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	63.8%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	6.5%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	93.7%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1988	65.7%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	59.3%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	6.4%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	91.3%	157 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1989	69.1%	146 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	61.3%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	7.8%	166 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	90.7%	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1990	73.2%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	64.1%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	9.2%	180 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.3 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	94.5%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1991	76.3%	140 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	66.0%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	10.3%	170 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	99.7%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1992	75.7%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	65.0%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	10.7%	160 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	98.3%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1993	75.4%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	64.5%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	10.9%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	100.4%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1994	75.1%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	65.4%	95 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.9 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	9.7%	169 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	100.3%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1995	74.7%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	65.7%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	9.0%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	96.8%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1996	72.5%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	62.8%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	9.7%	172 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.2 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	96.9%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1997	73.8%	157 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	63.6%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	10.2%	167 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	99.9%	136 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1998	75.2%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	64.6%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	10.6%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	99.1%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1999	78.7%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	66.0%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	12.7%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	100.0%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2000	78.9%	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	66.9%	88 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	11.9%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	102.6%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2001	77.5%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	64.8%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	12.6%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	95.5%	160 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2002	76.7%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	63.8%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	12.8%	143 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	97.8%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2003	77.9%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	65.3%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	12.6%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	100.2%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2004	76.6%	128 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	64.3%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	12.3%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	101.6%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2005	75.6%	131 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	37.2 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	63.4%	111 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	12.2%	147 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	102.4%	114 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2006	74.6%	132 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	61.7%	113 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	12.9%	132 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	104.0%	102 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2007	75.5%	129 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	62.1%	111 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	13.4%	125 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	104.1%	111 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2008	74.7%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	61.1%	120 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.8 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	13.6%	119 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.3 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	103.4%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2009	77.2%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	61.6%	118 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	15.7%	116 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.7 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	100.0%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2010	77.6%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	62.7%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	14.9%	118 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	104.3%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2011	76.3%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	62.7%	111 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	13.6%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	107.3%	86 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2012	76.0%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	61.9%	117 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.2 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	14.1%	122 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	104.1%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2013	75.3%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	61.3%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	14.0%	141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	104.9%	100 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2014	74.4%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	60.4%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	14.0%	143 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	103.4%	107 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2015	73.8%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	60.0%	123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.3 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	13.8%	146 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	102.0%	116 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2016	74.1%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	59.4%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	14.7%	131 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	102.2%	108 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2017	73.0%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	58.6%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	14.4%	131 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	103.7%	97 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	53.8 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2018	70.7%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	56.2%	142 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	14.5%	122 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	100.1%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2019	72.2%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	56.9%	137 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	15.3%	118 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	97.0%	153 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2020	71.8%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	56.8%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	15.0%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	103.1%	107 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2021	68.2%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	55.2%	141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	12.9%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	99.6%	131 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2022	69.0%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	57.3%	134 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	11.7%	161 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.1 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	104.0%	104 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2023	72.5%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	59.4%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	13.1%	143 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	102.4%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2024	74.2%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	59.4%	123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.3 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	14.7%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	99.7%	126 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Asia63.9%2024

Western Asia69.1%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Türkiye is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

TürkiyeWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

17.3% → 21.3%

Percentage-point change: +4.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

21.3% → 26.8%

Percentage-point change: +5.5 pp

Current era2010–2024

26.8% → 25.5%

Percentage-point change: -1.2 pp

Gross capital formation25.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation31.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 22 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories-5.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 162 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Türkiye	1970	17.3%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	17.6%	108 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	-0.4%	118 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	14.0 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1971	16.0%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	16.2%	123 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	-0.3%	116 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	15.4 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1972	16.7%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	16.7%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Türkiye	1973	17.0%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-11.6 pp vs world	17.2%	121 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.8 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	-0.2%	113 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	19.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1974	16.5%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-12.0 pp vs world	17.7%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	-1.3%	126 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1975	17.7%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	18.9%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	-1.2%	118 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1976	21.9%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	22.0%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	-0.1%	102 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1977	21.9%	107 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	21.4%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	0.5%	90 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	35.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1978	18.5%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	17.7%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	0.8%	77 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1979	19.6%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	18.4%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	1.2%	77 of 142 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1980	14.7%	152 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-13.3 pp vs world	15.2%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	-0.5%	119 of 143 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1981	17.3%	142 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	18.4%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	-1.1%	128 of 144 · highest-to-lowest	11.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1982	18.3%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	18.4%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	-0.1%	103 of 145 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1983	18.4%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	18.0%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	0.3%	72 of 146 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1984	18.4%	116 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	34.7 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	18.1%	114 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	0.3%	99 of 147 · highest-to-lowest	32.9 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1985	20.8%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	20.8%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	-0.0%	111 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	25.2 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1986	23.6%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	23.8%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	-0.2%	115 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1987	23.3%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	23.6%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	-0.3%	116 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1988	25.6%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	24.9%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.7%	81 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	46.7 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1989	21.6%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	21.8%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	-0.2%	120 of 152 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1990	21.3%	121 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	21.8%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	-0.6%	141 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1991	23.5%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	22.7%	82 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.7%	92 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1992	22.6%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	22.5%	79 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	0.1%	117 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1993	25.0%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	25.3%	61 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	-0.3%	126 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1994	25.2%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	23.5%	79 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	1.7%	54 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1995	22.1%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	22.7%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	-0.6%	154 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	10.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1996	24.4%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	23.9%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	0.5%	94 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	45.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1997	26.1%	67 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	25.2%	62 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	0.8%	76 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1998	23.9%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	23.5%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	0.4%	102 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1999	21.3%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	19.9%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	1.5%	47 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2000	23.7%	86 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	22.2%	87 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	1.5%	58 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2001	18.0%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	18.0%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	0.1%	127 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2002	21.1%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	19.5%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	1.6%	46 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2003	22.3%	107 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	20.7%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	1.6%	45 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2004	25.0%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	25.2%	58 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	72.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	-0.2%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2005	26.8%	69 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	26.4%	55 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	73.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	0.4%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2006	29.3%	50 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	76.2 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	28.5%	42 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	0.9%	87 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2007	28.6%	65 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	27.9%	59 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	0.7%	101 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2008	28.7%	70 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	26.7%	75 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	2.1%	56 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2009	22.8%	101 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	22.2%	113 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.2 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	0.6%	64 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2010	26.8%	63 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	24.6%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	2.1%	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2011	31.0%	37 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	82.7 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	27.7%	49 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.9 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	3.3%	31 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2012	28.1%	58 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	27.1%	52 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	1.0%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2013	29.6%	44 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	79.3 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	28.3%	42 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.3 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	1.3%	55 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2014	29.0%	44 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	79.3 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	28.7%	39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	0.2%	116 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2015	28.2%	54 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	74.5 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	29.6%	35 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	-1.4%	166 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2016	28.0%	53 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	29.1%	40 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	-1.1%	162 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2017	30.7%	40 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	29.9%	35 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	0.8%	76 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2018	29.5%	51 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	29.8%	39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	-0.3%	161 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2019	24.9%	81 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	26.0%	56 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	-1.1%	165 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	5.2 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2020	31.3%	35 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	27.5%	49 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.9 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	3.8%	19 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2021	31.4%	34 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	28.2%	41 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	3.2%	28 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2022	35.0%	29 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	86.5 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	29.2%	39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	5.9%	11 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2023	30.0%	41 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	31.9%	20 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	-1.9%	163 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	3.6 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2024	25.5%	77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	31.0%	22 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	-5.5%	162 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Asia33.8%2024

Western Asia26.5%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Türkiye is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

TürkiyeWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

8.1% → 23.7%

Percentage-point change: +15.6 pp

Integration1990–2010

23.7% → 46.7%

Percentage-point change: +23.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

46.7% → 55.8%

Percentage-point change: +9.1 pp

Exports28.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports27.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports0.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness55.8%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Türkiye	1970	3.9%	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	4.2%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	-0.4%	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	8.1%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1971	4.3%	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	5.4%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	-1.1%	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	9.7%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1972	4.8%	169 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	6.0%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	-1.2%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	10.7%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-12.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1973	5.5%	169 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	6.3%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	-0.8%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	11.7%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1974	4.9%	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world	7.8%	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	-2.9%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	12.7%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-19.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1975	4.3%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	8.0%	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	-3.7%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	12.3%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1976	4.6%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world	7.6%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	-3.0%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	12.2%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-19.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1977	3.2%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world	7.3%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	-4.0%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	10.5%	177 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-21.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1978	3.7%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world	5.3%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	-1.6%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	9.0%	178 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-22.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1979	3.2%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world	4.9%	178 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-12.3 pp vs world	-1.7%	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	8.1%	178 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-25.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1980	4.6%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world	8.3%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world	-3.7%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	12.9%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-24.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1981	7.2%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	8.9%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	-1.7%	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	16.0%	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-20.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1982	10.3%	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	10.3%	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	-0.0%	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	20.7%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1983	11.1%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	11.5%	166 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	-0.4%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	22.6%	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1984	13.8%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	13.7%	161 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	0.1%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	27.4%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1985	13.9%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	13.1%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	0.8%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	27.1%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1986	11.7%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	11.2%	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	0.5%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	22.9%	161 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1987	13.2%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	12.6%	165 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	0.7%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	25.8%	159 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1988	15.8%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	12.4%	169 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	3.4%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	28.2%	159 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1989	13.8%	147 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	12.6%	169 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	1.2%	59 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	67.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	26.3%	162 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1990	11.3%	184 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	12.4%	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	-1.1%	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	23.7%	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1991	11.8%	182 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.7 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	11.8%	197 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	-0.0%	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	23.5%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1992	12.2%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	12.3%	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	-0.0%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	24.5%	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1993	11.6%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	13.7%	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-2.1%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	25.3%	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1994	18.1%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	14.4%	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	3.7%	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	32.5%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1995	16.9%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	17.2%	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	-0.3%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	34.1%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1996	18.3%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	19.7%	182 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-1.4%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	38.0%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1997	20.9%	155 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	21.5%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	-0.6%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	42.4%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1998	20.7%	152 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	19.7%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	0.9%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	40.4%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1999	18.8%	157 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	18.9%	181 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	-0.0%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	37.7%	178 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2000	19.9%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	22.5%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	-2.6%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	42.4%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2001	27.2%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	22.7%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	4.5%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	49.9%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2002	25.1%	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	22.9%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	2.2%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	48.0%	166 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2003	23.0%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	23.2%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	-0.2%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	46.2%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2004	23.6%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	25.2%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	-1.6%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	48.8%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2005	21.9%	162 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	24.3%	177 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	15.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	-2.4%	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	46.1%	179 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	14.0 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2006	22.4%	166 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	26.4%	175 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	-4.0%	103 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	48.8%	181 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2007	21.9%	164 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	21.3 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	26.0%	181 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	-4.1%	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	47.9%	182 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	12.6 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2008	23.6%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	27.0%	181 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	-3.4%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	50.5%	181 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2009	23.4%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	23.4%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	-0.0%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	46.8%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2010	21.2%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	25.5%	181 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	-4.3%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	46.7%	184 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2011	23.0%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	30.3%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	-7.3%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	53.3%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2012	24.4%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	28.5%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	-4.1%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	52.8%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2013	23.8%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	28.7%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	-4.9%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	52.5%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2014	25.2%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	28.6%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	-3.4%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	53.8%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2015	24.5%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	26.6%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-2.0%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	51.1%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2016	23.1%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	25.2%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	-2.2%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	48.3%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2017	26.0%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	29.7%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	-3.7%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	55.8%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2018	31.2%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	31.4%	155 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	-0.1%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	62.6%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2019	33.1%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	30.1%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	3.0%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	63.2%	142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	2020	29.1%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	32.2%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	-3.1%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	61.3%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2021	35.7%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	35.3%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	0.4%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	71.1%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	+14.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2022	38.6%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	42.6%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world	-4.0%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	81.2%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	+20.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2023	31.9%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	34.4%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	-2.4%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	66.3%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2024	28.0%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	27.8%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	0.3%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	55.8%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Asia60.3%2024

Western Asia82.0%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 32.0%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing6.3%

1970–1990-17.1 pp1990–2010-3.8 pp2010–2024-3.9 pp

World specialization: 1.49×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities22.6%

1970–1990+9.2 pp1990–2010-10.5 pp2010–2024+1.7 pp

World specialization: 1.07×

Construction6.7%

1970–1990+0.3 pp1990–2010-0.3 pp2010–2024-0.1 pp

World specialization: 1.17×

Trade, restaurants and hotels18.8%

1970–1990+5.9 pp1990–2010-1.7 pp2010–2024+3.5 pp

World specialization: 1.30×

Transport, storage and communication13.6%

1970–1990+3.2 pp1990–2010+2.1 pp2010–2024+1.5 pp

World specialization: 1.39×

Other activities32.0%

1970–1990-1.5 pp1990–2010+14.3 pp2010–2024-2.7 pp

World specialization: 0.72×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

22.0% → 20.4%

Percentage-point change: -1.5 pp

Integration1990–2010

20.4% → 34.7%

Percentage-point change: +14.3 pp

Current era2010–2024

34.7% → 32.0%

Percentage-point change: -2.7 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing1.49×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities1.07×

Construction1.17×

Trade, restaurants and hotels1.30×

Transport, storage and communication1.39×

Other activities0.72×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Türkiye	1970	31.1%	35 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	80.6 / 100	+21.7 pp vs world	22.3%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	6.9%	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	11.0%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	6.7%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	22.0%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1971	29.6%	36 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+20.6 pp vs world	23.1%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	6.1%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	11.8%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	7.0%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	22.4%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1972	27.1%	46 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.3 / 100	+18.4 pp vs world	24.0%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	5.9%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	12.5%	123 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	7.1%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	23.4%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1973	26.7%	51 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	71.4 / 100	+17.5 pp vs world	23.9%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	6.2%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	12.5%	124 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	6.9%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	23.8%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1974	28.7%	39 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	+20.0 pp vs world	23.0%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	5.8%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	13.5%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	7.5%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	21.6%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1975	28.3%	41 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+20.0 pp vs world	23.1%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	6.3%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	13.5%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	7.7%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	21.2%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1976	26.0%	48 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	+18.1 pp vs world	24.5%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	6.3%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	13.6%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	8.1%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	21.4%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1977	25.0%	49 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	+17.3 pp vs world	23.9%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	6.6%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	13.6%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	8.7%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	22.2%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1978	25.5%	43 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+18.0 pp vs world	23.6%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	6.6%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	13.2%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	8.7%	55 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	22.4%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1979	22.4%	52 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	70.9 / 100	+15.0 pp vs world	26.4%	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	6.4%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	13.5%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	8.7%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	22.6%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1980	21.1%	53 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world	24.2%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	6.4%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	14.3%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	9.3%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	24.6%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	1981	19.2%	60 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	27.1%	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	5.8%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	15.0%	84 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.8 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	10.0%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	22.8%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1982	17.8%	66 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	28.1%	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	5.2%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	15.8%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	10.7%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	22.4%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1983	16.7%	67 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	27.1%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	6.2%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	16.3%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	11.2%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	22.6%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1984	17.2%	67 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	26.3%	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	6.2%	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	17.3%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	11.5%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	21.5%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1985	16.2%	69 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	27.2%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	6.8%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	17.4%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	10.9%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	21.5%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-15.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1986	15.4%	78 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	31.1%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	7.7%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	16.0%	83 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	9.7%	43 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	20.1%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-17.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1987	14.0%	80 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+8.6 pp vs world	31.1%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	8.1%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	17.4%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	9.6%	48 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	19.8%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-18.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	1988	13.5%	84 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	32.5%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	8.6%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	17.3%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	9.7%	46 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	18.3%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-20.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1989	13.3%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	33.4%	29 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	84.3 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	7.9%	32 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	82.6 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	16.7%	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	9.7%	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	19.0%	150 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-20.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1990	14.0%	102 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	31.5%	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	7.1%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	17.0%	65 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	9.9%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	20.4%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-19.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1991	12.0%	110 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	31.4%	44 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	7.8%	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	16.3%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	9.8%	53 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	74.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	22.6%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-17.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1992	11.9%	107 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	31.1%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	7.6%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	16.3%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	10.2%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	22.9%	154 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-18.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1993	12.3%	99 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	30.0%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	8.3%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	16.5%	71 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	10.0%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	22.9%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-18.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1994	12.3%	98 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	31.8%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	7.6%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	17.3%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	11.0%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	19.9%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-21.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1995	12.4%	97 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	32.0%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	6.1%	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	18.0%	63 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	10.5%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	20.9%	168 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100	-21.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1996	13.2%	91 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	30.0%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	6.4%	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	17.8%	64 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	10.8%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	21.8%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-20.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1997	11.3%	100 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	30.3%	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	6.7%	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	18.0%	64 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	11.4%	34 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	22.2%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-20.6 pp vs world
Türkiye	1998	13.5%	91 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	27.1%	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	6.6%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	17.2%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	11.0%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	24.6%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-18.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1999	11.5%	96 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	24.9%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	6.1%	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	14.9%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	11.7%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	30.9%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-12.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2000	11.2%	94 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	24.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	5.9%	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	16.1%	79 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	12.6%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	30.1%	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	-13.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2001	9.8%	98 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	23.4%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	5.2%	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	15.6%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	13.8%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	32.2%	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	-12.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2002	11.5%	86 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	58.1 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	22.7%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	5.1%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	16.0%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	14.8%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	29.9%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	-15.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2003	11.2%	87 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	23.0%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	5.2%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	16.1%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	14.6%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	29.9%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	-15.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2004	10.7%	89 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	56.7 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	22.6%	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	6.1%	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	16.8%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	14.2%	12 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	29.6%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2005	10.5%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	22.5%	90 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	57.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	6.3%	75 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	16.5%	77 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	14.3%	12 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	29.9%	129 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2006	9.2%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	22.6%	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	7.2%	64 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	69.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	16.6%	76 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	14.2%	11 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	30.2%	126 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	39.6 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2007	8.4%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	22.1%	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	7.6%	56 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	16.2%	83 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	14.1%	9 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	31.6%	121 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-12.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2008	8.3%	95 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	21.7%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	7.6%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	16.0%	100 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	14.1%	6 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	32.2%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2009	9.0%	95 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	20.6%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	6.3%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	14.6%	117 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	13.2%	16 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	36.3%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2010	10.2%	84 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	21.0%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	6.9%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	15.3%	101 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	12.0%	31 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	34.7%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2011	9.3%	92 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	22.4%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	8.1%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	16.1%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	11.3%	36 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	32.7%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2012	8.7%	94 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	21.8%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	8.4%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	15.8%	95 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	12.3%	25 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	33.0%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2013	7.6%	101 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	22.4%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	9.1%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	15.9%	94 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.3 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	12.1%	25 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	32.8%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2014	7.4%	102 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	22.7%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	9.1%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	16.2%	90 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	12.0%	31 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	32.6%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2015	7.8%	97 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	22.4%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	9.2%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	16.2%	95 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	12.0%	32 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	85.1 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	32.4%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2016	7.0%	108 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	48.1 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	22.2%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	9.6%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	15.9%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	11.7%	40 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	33.6%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2017	6.8%	104 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	23.3%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	9.6%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	16.4%	86 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	12.0%	33 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	32.0%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	2018	6.5%	105 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	24.9%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	7.9%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	17.1%	77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	12.2%	26 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	31.4%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2019	7.1%	103 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	24.4%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	6.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	17.6%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	12.4%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	32.6%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2020	7.5%	106 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	25.6%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	5.9%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	16.3%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	12.0%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	32.7%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-12.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2021	6.2%	112 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	29.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	5.7%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	17.5%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	13.0%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	28.5%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-15.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	2022	7.2%	103 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	29.5%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	5.5%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	18.7%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	13.8%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	25.3%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-17.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2023	6.9%	101 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	25.8%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	6.2%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	19.6%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	13.4%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	28.0%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-16.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2024	6.3%	106 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	22.6%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	6.7%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	18.8%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	13.6%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	32.0%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 19.4% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Türkiye was 3.7 percentage points above the world value.

Latest share: 19.4%
World specialization: 1.24×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

20.6% → 28.3%

Percentage-point change: +7.8 pp

Integration1990–2010

28.3% → 17.1%

Percentage-point change: -11.2 pp

Current era2010–2024

17.1% → 19.4%

Percentage-point change: +2.3 pp

Share of total GVA19.4%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity85.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth-0.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing1.4%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Türkiye	1970	20.6%	44 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	92.0%	24 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.5%	20 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1971	21.2%	40 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	77.7 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	91.8%	25 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	8.7%	44 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	0.5%	22 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1972	22.1%	37 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	92.0%	22 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	10.9%	38 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	0.5%	22 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1973	22.2%	38 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	92.8%	17 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	12.9%	34 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.1 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	0.5%	22 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Türkiye	1974	21.3%	46 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.3 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	92.5%	22 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	7.3%	63 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	0.6%	20 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.1 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1975	21.3%	43 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	92.3%	24 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world	8.7%	33 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	0.7%	20 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1976	22.7%	37 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	92.7%	21 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	9.0%	60 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1977	22.2%	37 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	92.8%	20 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.1 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	6.6%	65 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1978	22.0%	35 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	80.6 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	93.3%	16 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	3.2%	113 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	36.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1979	24.7%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	93.5%	17 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+16.3 pp vs world	-6.1%	161 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	1.1%	14 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1980	22.1%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	91.6%	26 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+17.9 pp vs world	-3.9%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	0.7%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1981	24.9%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	91.6%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+18.2 pp vs world	9.4%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	0.8%	17 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1982	25.6%	17 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	90.9%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+16.8 pp vs world	6.4%	44 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	0.8%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1983	24.5%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	90.6%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+16.6 pp vs world	7.5%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	0.7%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1984	23.6%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	89.5%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+14.9 pp vs world	9.3%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	0.6%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Türkiye	1985	24.1%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	88.6%	32 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	5.7%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	0.7%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	1986	28.2%	12 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	90.8%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	10.5%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	0.8%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1987	27.7%	13 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	88.8%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	10.1%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.8%	17 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1988	29.0%	11 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	89.2%	26 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	1.6%	112 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	0.8%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	1989	29.8%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	89.3%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	3.0%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.9%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1990	28.3%	19 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	89.9%	30 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	9.7%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	1.1%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1991	28.1%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	89.6%	33 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.3 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	2.4%	86 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	1.1%	13 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1992	27.7%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	88.9%	31 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	5.8%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	1.1%	14 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.6 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1993	26.8%	14 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.6 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	89.3%	30 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	9.3%	28 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	1.2%	13 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1994	28.1%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	88.4%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	-7.6%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	0.9%	18 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	1995	28.8%	10 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	89.9%	28 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	13.9%	29 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	1.1%	16 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1996	26.6%	12 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	88.6%	28 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	7.1%	59 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	1.1%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1997	27.2%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	89.6%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	+13.5 pp vs world	11.4%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	1.2%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	1998	24.2%	19 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	89.1%	28 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world	1.2%	126 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.7 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	1.1%	13 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	1999	21.9%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	87.9%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	-5.6%	184 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	0.9%	16 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2000	20.9%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	86.9%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	7.5%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.9%	16 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2001	19.8%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	84.8%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	-8.6%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	0.7%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Türkiye	2002	19.2%	44 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	84.3%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	4.4%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Türkiye	2003	19.5%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	84.8%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	9.7%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	0.9%	19 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Türkiye	2004	19.4%	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	85.6%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	13.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	1.0%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2005	19.3%	41 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	85.8%	36 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	9.5%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	1.1%	15 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2006	19.5%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	86.3%	33 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	84.5 / 100	+13.8 pp vs world	9.6%	53 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	74.8 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	1.1%	16 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2007	18.9%	45 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	85.6%	38 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	82.1 / 100	+13.1 pp vs world	6.7%	74 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	1.2%	15 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2008	18.3%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	84.0%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world	0.5%	128 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2009	17.0%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	82.2%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	-9.0%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	1.0%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2010	17.1%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	81.6%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world	9.2%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	1.1%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2011	18.7%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	83.4%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world	20.2%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+15.9 pp vs world	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2012	17.9%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	82.3%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	2.2%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2013	18.6%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	82.8%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	9.8%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	1.3%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	-98.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2014	19.0%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	83.6%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	5.6%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	1.2%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2015	18.9%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	84.6%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	5.9%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	1.2%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2016	18.8%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	84.7%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	4.0%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	1.2%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2017	19.8%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	85.2%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	9.3%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	1.2%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2018	21.3%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	85.5%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	1.4%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	1.1%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2019	20.4%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	83.8%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	-2.3%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	1.0%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2020	21.5%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	84.0%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	3.0%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	1.0%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Türkiye	2021	24.9%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	85.3%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	18.6%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	1.1%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Türkiye	2022	24.7%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	83.7%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	4.3%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	1.2%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Türkiye	2023	22.0%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	85.4%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	2.5%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	1.3%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.7 pp vs world
Türkiye	2024	19.4%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	85.6%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	-0.2%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	1.4%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Asia0.89×

Western Asia1.39×

World1.24×

Türkiye Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure