Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$401.15B2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 40 of 210

Real GDP growth0.5%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$6,2672024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP0.4%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity48.3%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing14.2%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap −1.5 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

South Africa	1970	$18.66B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$837	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	90.2 (world = 100)	0.5%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1971	$20.59B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	4.3%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$898	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	89.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1972	$21.62B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.7%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	$916	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	81.0 (world = 100)	0.5%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1973	$29.64B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	4.6%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	$1,220	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	90.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1974	$37.22B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	6.1%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	$1,490	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	99.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1975	$38.49B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.7%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	$1,498	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	91.0 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1976	$36.96B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.2%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	$1,400	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	80.1 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1977	$41.05B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-0.1%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	$1,514	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	78.3 (world = 100)	0.5%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1978	$47.22B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	3.0%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	$1,694	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	75.3 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1979	$58.28B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	3.8%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$2,035	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	80.0 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1980	$83.91B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	6.6%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	$2,843	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	101.9 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1981	$86.25B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	5.4%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	$2,824	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	100.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1982	$79.12B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	-0.4%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	$2,503	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	91.7 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1983	$88.23B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	-1.8%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	$2,695	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	98.1 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1984	$78.09B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.1%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$2,304	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	83.0 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1985	$59.65B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	-1.2%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	$1,702	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	60.8 (world = 100)	0.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1986	$68.11B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	$1,883	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	59.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1987	$89.37B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.1%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	$2,394	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	68.0 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1988	$96.06B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	4.2%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$2,496	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	64.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1989	$99.98B	25 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	86.5 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.4%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	$2,523	74 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	63.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	86.5 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1990	$116.70B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-0.3%	140 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	21.9 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	$2,864	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	66.0 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1991	$128.64B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.7%	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$3,086	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	68.9 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1992	$143.43B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	$3,379	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	71.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1993	$147.19B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	4.0%	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	$3,400	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	71.8 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1994	$153.51B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	3.2%	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	$3,489	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	70.1 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1995	$171.74B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	3.1%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	$3,856	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	70.9 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1996	$163.23B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	4.3%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	$3,618	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	66.1 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1997	$168.98B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.6%	147 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	$3,700	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	68.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1998	$152.98B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	$3,310	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	62.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1999	$151.52B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.4%	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	$3,242	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	60.0 (world = 100)	0.5%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2000	$151.75B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	4.2%	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$3,218	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	58.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2001	$135.43B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	2.7%	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	$2,847	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	52.9 (world = 100)	0.4%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2002	$129.09B	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	3.7%	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	$2,688	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	48.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2003	$197.02B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.9%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	$4,062	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	66.3 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2004	$255.81B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	4.6%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$5,221	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	76.7 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2005	$288.87B	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.3%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	$5,837	80 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	80.1 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2006	$303.86B	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.6%	99 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	$6,077	83 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	60.4 / 100	77.9 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2007	$333.08B	27 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.4%	111 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$6,592	87 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	75.9 (world = 100)	0.6%	27 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2008	$316.13B	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	3.2%	122 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	$6,185	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	65.7 (world = 100)	0.5%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2009	$329.75B	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-1.5%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	$6,375	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	72.3 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2010	$417.36B	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	3.0%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	$7,973	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	83.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2011	$458.20B	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	3.2%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	$8,646	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	82.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2012	$434.40B	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	2.4%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$8,077	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	76.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2013	$400.68B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.5%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$7,328	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	68.2 (world = 100)	0.5%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2014	$380.91B	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.4%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	$6,852	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	62.9 (world = 100)	0.5%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2015	$346.49B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.3%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	$6,108	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	60.0 (world = 100)	0.5%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2016	$323.57B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.7%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	$5,651	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	55.2 (world = 100)	0.4%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2017	$381.14B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.2%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	$6,613	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	61.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2018	$405.26B	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.6%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	$6,914	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.2 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2019	$389.33B	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.3%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	$6,534	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	57.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2020	$337.97B	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	-6.2%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	$5,581	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	50.9 (world = 100)	0.4%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2021	$419.99B	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	4.9%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	$6,829	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	55.0 (world = 100)	0.4%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2022	$407.60B	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	2.1%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	$6,534	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	51.0 (world = 100)	0.4%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2023	$381.44B	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.8%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	$6,034	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	45.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2024	$401.15B	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	180 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	$6,267	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	45.8 (world = 100)	0.4%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

South AfricaAfricaSouthern AfricaWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

South Africa is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

South AfricaSouthern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$18.66B → $116.70B

Compound annual change: +9.6% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$116.70B → $417.36B

Compound annual change: +6.6% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$417.36B → $401.15B

Compound annual change: -0.3% CAGR

Nominal GDP$401.15B2024 · Published series · World rank 40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$366.56B2024 · Published series · World rank 41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP0.4%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

South Africa	1970	$18.66B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$105.82B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1971	$20.59B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$110.35B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1972	$21.62B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$112.17B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1973	$29.64B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$117.30B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1974	$37.22B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$124.47B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1975	$38.49B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$126.58B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1976	$36.96B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$129.43B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1977	$41.05B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$129.31B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1978	$47.22B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$133.20B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1979	$58.28B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$138.25B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1980	$83.91B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$147.41B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1981	$86.25B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$155.31B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1982	$79.12B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$154.71B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1983	$88.23B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$151.86B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1984	$78.09B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$159.60B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1985	$59.65B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$157.67B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1986	$68.11B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$157.69B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1987	$89.37B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$161.01B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1988	$96.06B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$167.77B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1989	$99.98B	25 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	86.5 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$171.79B	28 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	86.5 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1990	$116.70B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$171.24B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1991	$128.64B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$174.09B	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1992	$143.43B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$174.98B	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1993	$147.19B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$181.93B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1994	$153.51B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$187.75B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1995	$171.74B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$193.57B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1996	$163.23B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$201.90B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1997	$168.98B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$207.15B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1998	$152.98B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$208.18B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1999	$151.52B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$213.18B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2000	$151.75B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$222.13B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2001	$135.43B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$228.13B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2002	$129.09B	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$236.57B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2003	$197.02B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$243.55B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2004	$255.81B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$254.64B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2005	$288.87B	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$268.08B	30 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	86.0 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2006	$303.86B	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$283.10B	30 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	86.0 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2007	$333.08B	27 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$298.27B	30 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	86.0 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	27 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2008	$316.13B	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$307.79B	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2009	$329.75B	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$303.06B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2010	$417.36B	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$312.27B	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2011	$458.20B	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$322.16B	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2012	$434.40B	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$329.88B	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2013	$400.68B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$338.08B	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2014	$380.91B	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$342.86B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2015	$346.49B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$347.40B	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2016	$323.57B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$349.70B	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2017	$381.14B	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$353.75B	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2018	$405.26B	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$359.26B	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2019	$389.33B	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$360.19B	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2020	$337.97B	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$337.97B	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2021	$419.99B	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$354.40B	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2022	$407.60B	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$361.69B	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2023	$381.44B	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$364.61B	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2024	$401.15B	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$366.56B	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Africa$2.83T2024

Southern Africa$441.26B2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

South Africa is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

South AfricaSouthern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$837 → $2,864

Compound annual change: +6.3% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$2,864 → $7,973

Compound annual change: +5.3% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$7,973 → $6,267

Compound annual change: -1.7% CAGR

GDP per person$6,2672024 · Published series · World rank 123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$5,7272024 · Published series · World rank 119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

South Africa	1970	$837	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	90.2 (world = 100)	$4,749	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	91.5 (world = 100)
South Africa	1971	$898	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	89.6 (world = 100)	$4,810	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	90.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	1972	$916	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	81.0 (world = 100)	$4,751	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	86.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	1973	$1,220	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	90.5 (world = 100)	$4,828	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	84.5 (world = 100)
South Africa	1974	$1,490	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	99.4 (world = 100)	$4,981	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	87.0 (world = 100)
South Africa	1975	$1,498	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	91.0 (world = 100)	$4,927	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	87.0 (world = 100)
South Africa	1976	$1,400	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	80.1 (world = 100)	$4,903	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	83.7 (world = 100)
South Africa	1977	$1,514	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	78.3 (world = 100)	$4,768	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	79.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	1978	$1,694	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	75.3 (world = 100)	$4,780	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	77.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	1979	$2,035	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	80.0 (world = 100)	$4,828	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	76.9 (world = 100)
South Africa	1980	$2,843	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	101.9 (world = 100)	$4,994	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	79.4 (world = 100)
South Africa	1981	$2,824	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	100.8 (world = 100)	$5,085	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	80.7 (world = 100)
South Africa	1982	$2,503	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	91.7 (world = 100)	$4,894	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	78.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	1983	$2,695	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	98.1 (world = 100)	$4,638	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	73.9 (world = 100)
South Africa	1984	$2,304	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	83.0 (world = 100)	$4,709	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	73.0 (world = 100)
South Africa	1985	$1,702	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	60.8 (world = 100)	$4,499	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	68.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	1986	$1,883	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	59.4 (world = 100)	$4,359	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	65.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	1987	$2,394	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	68.0 (world = 100)	$4,314	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	63.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	1988	$2,496	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	64.5 (world = 100)	$4,360	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	62.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	1989	$2,523	74 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	63.5 (world = 100)	$4,335	82 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	61.3 (world = 100)
South Africa	1990	$2,864	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	66.0 (world = 100)	$4,203	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	58.7 (world = 100)
South Africa	1991	$3,086	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	68.9 (world = 100)	$4,176	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	58.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	1992	$3,379	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	71.6 (world = 100)	$4,123	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	57.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	1993	$3,400	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	71.8 (world = 100)	$4,202	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	58.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	1994	$3,489	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	70.1 (world = 100)	$4,267	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	58.5 (world = 100)
South Africa	1995	$3,856	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	70.9 (world = 100)	$4,346	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	58.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	1996	$3,618	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	66.1 (world = 100)	$4,474	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	59.2 (world = 100)
South Africa	1997	$3,700	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	68.8 (world = 100)	$4,536	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	58.5 (world = 100)
South Africa	1998	$3,310	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	62.8 (world = 100)	$4,504	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	57.3 (world = 100)
South Africa	1999	$3,242	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	60.0 (world = 100)	$4,562	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	56.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	2000	$3,218	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	58.6 (world = 100)	$4,710	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	56.9 (world = 100)
South Africa	2001	$2,847	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	52.9 (world = 100)	$4,796	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	57.5 (world = 100)
South Africa	2002	$2,688	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	48.6 (world = 100)	$4,927	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	58.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	2003	$4,062	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	66.3 (world = 100)	$5,022	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	58.7 (world = 100)
South Africa	2004	$5,221	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	76.7 (world = 100)	$5,198	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	59.0 (world = 100)
South Africa	2005	$5,837	80 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	80.1 (world = 100)	$5,417	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	59.9 (world = 100)
South Africa	2006	$6,077	83 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	60.4 / 100	77.9 (world = 100)	$5,662	102 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	60.7 (world = 100)
South Africa	2007	$6,592	87 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	75.9 (world = 100)	$5,903	102 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	61.4 (world = 100)
South Africa	2008	$6,185	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	65.7 (world = 100)	$6,022	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	62.2 (world = 100)
South Africa	2009	$6,375	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	72.3 (world = 100)	$5,859	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	62.2 (world = 100)
South Africa	2010	$7,973	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	83.6 (world = 100)	$5,966	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	61.4 (world = 100)
South Africa	2011	$8,646	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	82.5 (world = 100)	$6,079	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.4 (world = 100)
South Africa	2012	$8,077	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	76.4 (world = 100)	$6,134	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	61.0 (world = 100)
South Africa	2013	$7,328	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	68.2 (world = 100)	$6,183	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	60.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	2014	$6,852	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	62.9 (world = 100)	$6,167	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	59.4 (world = 100)
South Africa	2015	$6,108	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	60.0 (world = 100)	$6,124	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	57.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	2016	$5,651	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	55.2 (world = 100)	$6,107	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	56.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	2017	$6,613	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	61.4 (world = 100)	$6,138	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	55.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	2018	$6,914	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.2 (world = 100)	$6,129	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	54.6 (world = 100)
South Africa	2019	$6,534	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	57.6 (world = 100)	$6,045	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	53.0 (world = 100)
South Africa	2020	$5,581	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	50.9 (world = 100)	$5,581	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	50.9 (world = 100)
South Africa	2021	$6,829	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	55.0 (world = 100)	$5,762	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	49.8 (world = 100)
South Africa	2022	$6,534	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	51.0 (world = 100)	$5,798	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	48.9 (world = 100)
South Africa	2023	$6,034	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	45.5 (world = 100)	$5,768	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	47.7 (world = 100)
South Africa	2024	$6,267	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	45.8 (world = 100)	$5,727	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	46.5 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Africa$1,8692024

Southern Africa$6,0332024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

South Africa is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

South AfricaSouthern AfricaAfricaWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

4.3% → -0.3%

Average annual rate: +2.5%

Integration1990–2010

-0.3% → 3.0%

Average annual rate: +2.9%

Current era2010–2024

3.0% → 0.5%

Average annual rate: +1.3%

Real GDP growth0.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 180 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth-0.7%2024 · Published series · World rank 184 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator121.92024 · Published series · World rank 105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

South Africa	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.8	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100
South Africa	1971	4.3%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	1.3%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	0.8	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100
South Africa	1972	1.7%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	-1.2%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	0.9	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100
South Africa	1973	4.6%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	1.6%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	1.1	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100
South Africa	1974	6.1%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	3.2%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	1.2	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100
South Africa	1975	1.7%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	-1.1%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	1.4	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100
South Africa	1976	2.2%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	-0.5%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	1.5	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100
South Africa	1977	-0.1%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	-2.8%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	1.7	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100
South Africa	1978	3.0%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	0.2%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	1.9	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100
South Africa	1979	3.8%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	1.0%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	2.2	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100
South Africa	1980	6.6%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	3.4%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	2.7	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100
South Africa	1981	5.4%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	1.8%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	3.0	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100
South Africa	1982	-0.4%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	-3.8%	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	3.4	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100
South Africa	1983	-1.8%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-5.2%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	3.9	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100
South Africa	1984	5.1%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	1.5%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	4.4	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100
South Africa	1985	-1.2%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-4.5%	158 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	5.1	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100
South Africa	1986	0.0%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	-3.1%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	6.0	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100
South Africa	1987	2.1%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-1.0%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	6.9	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100
South Africa	1988	4.2%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	1.1%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	7.9	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100
South Africa	1989	2.4%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	-0.6%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	9.3	124 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100
South Africa	1990	-0.3%	140 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	21.9 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	-3.1%	143 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	10.7	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100
South Africa	1991	1.7%	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	-0.6%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	12.4	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100
South Africa	1992	0.5%	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-1.3%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	14.2	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100
South Africa	1993	4.0%	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	1.9%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	16.1	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100
South Africa	1994	3.2%	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	1.5%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	17.6	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100
South Africa	1995	3.1%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	1.9%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	19.6	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100
South Africa	1996	4.3%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	3.0%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	21.1	149 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100
South Africa	1997	2.6%	147 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	1.4%	140 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	22.8	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100
South Africa	1998	0.5%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-0.7%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	24.7	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100
South Africa	1999	2.4%	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	1.3%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	26.4	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100
South Africa	2000	4.2%	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	3.3%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	28.8	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100
South Africa	2001	2.7%	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	1.8%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	31.1	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100
South Africa	2002	3.7%	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	2.7%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	34.9	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100
South Africa	2003	2.9%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	1.9%	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	37.2	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100
South Africa	2004	4.6%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	3.5%	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	39.4	152 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100
South Africa	2005	5.3%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	4.2%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	41.6	158 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	24.2 / 100
South Africa	2006	5.6%	99 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	4.5%	84 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	44.2	160 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100
South Africa	2007	5.4%	111 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	4.3%	96 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	47.8	159 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100
South Africa	2008	3.2%	122 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	2.0%	104 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	51.6	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100
South Africa	2009	-1.5%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	-2.7%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	56.0	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100
South Africa	2010	3.0%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	1.8%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	59.5	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100
South Africa	2011	3.2%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	1.9%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	62.7	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100
South Africa	2012	2.4%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	0.9%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	65.7	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100
South Africa	2013	2.5%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	0.8%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	69.5	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100
South Africa	2014	1.4%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	-0.3%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	73.3	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100
South Africa	2015	1.3%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-0.7%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	77.3	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100
South Africa	2016	0.7%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	-0.3%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	82.7	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100
South Africa	2017	1.2%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	0.5%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	87.2	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100
South Africa	2018	1.6%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	-0.1%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	90.7	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100
South Africa	2019	0.3%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	-1.4%	188 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.5 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	94.9	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100
South Africa	2020	-6.2%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	-7.7%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
South Africa	2021	4.9%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	3.3%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	106.4	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100
South Africa	2022	2.1%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	0.6%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	112.0	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100
South Africa	2023	0.8%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	-0.5%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	117.3	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100
South Africa	2024	0.5%	180 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-0.7%	184 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	121.9	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Africa3.4%2024

Southern Africa0.5%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

South Africa is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

South AfricaSouthern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

71.7% → 79.0%

Percentage-point change: +7.3 pp

Integration1990–2010

79.0% → 80.4%

Percentage-point change: +1.4 pp

Current era2010–2024

80.4% → 83.8%

Percentage-point change: +3.5 pp

Final consumption83.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption64.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption19.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand97.9%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 135 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

South Africa	1970	71.7%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	59.0%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	12.7%	110 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	100.0%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1971	73.6%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	59.8%	114 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	13.8%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	105.1%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1972	72.2%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	59.2%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	13.0%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	98.7%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1973	68.1%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	56.0%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	12.1%	115 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.2 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	94.0%	149 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1974	65.9%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	53.5%	129 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	12.4%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	96.5%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1975	69.6%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	54.9%	129 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	14.7%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	101.2%	115 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1976	70.9%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	55.2%	126 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	15.7%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	99.9%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
South Africa	1977	71.1%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	55.1%	129 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	16.0%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	98.8%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1978	68.8%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	53.4%	139 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	15.3%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	94.6%	154 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.1 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1979	66.9%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	52.0%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	14.9%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	93.8%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1980	63.6%	160 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	49.4%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	14.2%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	94.3%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1981	67.9%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	53.1%	147 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	14.8%	107 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	102.2%	122 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1982	71.4%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	55.0%	139 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	16.3%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	97.1%	151 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1983	72.4%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	56.1%	135 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	16.3%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	97.9%	138 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world
South Africa	1984	73.2%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	55.7%	126 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	17.5%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	98.9%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1985	71.6%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	53.5%	138 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	18.1%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	92.8%	152 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1986	73.2%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	54.5%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	18.7%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	92.8%	155 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1987	75.0%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	56.0%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	19.0%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	91.2%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1988	75.2%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	56.8%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	18.4%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	95.6%	141 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1989	75.3%	123 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	31.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	56.3%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	19.0%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	96.7%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1990	79.0%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	59.5%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	19.5%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	97.2%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1991	78.7%	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	60.1%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	18.6%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	96.0%	162 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1992	81.7%	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	63.1%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	18.6%	79 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	96.3%	166 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1993	81.9%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	63.8%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	18.1%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	96.1%	162 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1994	82.7%	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	64.5%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	18.2%	82 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	99.1%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1995	81.2%	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	64.7%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	16.5%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	98.9%	143 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1996	82.0%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	64.5%	107 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	17.4%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	98.5%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1997	82.8%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	65.3%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	17.5%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	99.1%	143 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1998	82.7%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	65.6%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	17.1%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	99.1%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1999	82.9%	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	66.0%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	16.8%	88 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	98.5%	143 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2000	82.2%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	65.6%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	16.6%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	97.3%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2001	81.9%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	65.3%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	16.6%	88 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	96.5%	152 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2002	79.5%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	62.7%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	16.8%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	94.5%	156 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	24.0 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2003	78.8%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	61.9%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	16.9%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	94.4%	162 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2004	80.7%	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	63.7%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	17.0%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	97.6%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2005	79.7%	107 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	63.6%	109 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	16.1%	91 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	96.6%	150 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2006	79.4%	106 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	63.6%	100 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	15.9%	89 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	57.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	97.9%	138 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2007	79.4%	104 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	63.5%	99 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	15.9%	94 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	98.7%	140 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2008	80.1%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	63.0%	109 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.1 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	17.1%	80 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	101.4%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2009	79.8%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	62.0%	115 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	17.8%	86 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	98.6%	147 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2010	80.4%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	62.4%	113 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.2 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	18.0%	80 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	98.0%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2011	81.1%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	62.9%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	18.2%	81 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	100.0%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2012	83.1%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	64.3%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	18.8%	72 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	101.7%	120 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.8 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2013	82.9%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	63.9%	109 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.1 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	19.1%	67 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	102.1%	117 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.2 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2014	83.0%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	63.7%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	19.3%	66 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	101.5%	122 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2015	82.7%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	63.7%	107 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	19.0%	74 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	101.3%	120 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2016	82.6%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	63.3%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	19.3%	66 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	99.5%	136 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2017	82.2%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	63.0%	108 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	19.2%	61 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	98.9%	137 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2018	83.3%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	64.0%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	19.4%	60 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	99.5%	134 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2019	83.7%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	64.1%	102 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	19.6%	63 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	99.5%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2020	83.3%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	62.6%	111 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	20.6%	77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	95.6%	170 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2021	80.9%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	61.8%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	19.1%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	93.8%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2022	82.2%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	63.4%	107 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	18.8%	76 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	97.9%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2023	83.4%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	64.2%	101 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	19.2%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	98.8%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2024	83.8%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	64.6%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	19.2%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	97.9%	135 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Africa80.9%2024

Southern Africa84.2%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

South Africa is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

South AfricaSouthern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

28.4% → 18.2%

Percentage-point change: -10.2 pp

Integration1990–2010

18.2% → 17.6%

Percentage-point change: -0.6 pp

Current era2010–2024

17.6% → 14.1%

Percentage-point change: -3.5 pp

Gross capital formation14.1%2024 · Published series · World rank 185 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation14.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 184 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories-0.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 132 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

South Africa	1970	28.4%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	25.1%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	3.2%	38 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	72.8 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1971	31.5%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	26.5%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	5.0%	18 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1972	26.5%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	27.2%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	-0.7%	108 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	21.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1973	26.0%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	25.7%	55 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.3%	104 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1974	30.6%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	25.5%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	5.1%	28 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	80.3 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1975	31.6%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	29.9%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	1.7%	64 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	54.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1976	29.0%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	30.6%	37 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	-1.6%	124 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	10.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1977	27.7%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	28.5%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	-0.8%	121 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1978	25.8%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	26.8%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	-1.0%	118 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	15.2 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1979	26.9%	74 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	26.7%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.2%	106 of 142 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1980	30.7%	46 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	26.7%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	3.9%	31 of 143 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1981	34.3%	32 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	28.3%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	5.9%	13 of 144 · highest-to-lowest	91.6 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1982	25.7%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	28.4%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	-2.7%	135 of 145 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1983	25.4%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	26.9%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	-1.4%	122 of 146 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1984	25.7%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	24.8%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.9%	72 of 147 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1985	21.1%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	23.5%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	-2.4%	138 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1986	19.6%	108 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	20.3%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	-0.7%	126 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	15.0 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1987	16.2%	137 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	18.4%	114 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	-2.2%	139 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1988	20.4%	111 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	20.0%	108 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	0.4%	97 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	36.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1989	21.4%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	20.9%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	0.6%	93 of 152 · highest-to-lowest	39.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1990	18.2%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	19.8%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	-1.5%	154 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	11.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1991	17.3%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	17.2%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	0.1%	124 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	28.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1992	14.6%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	15.7%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	-1.1%	144 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1993	14.2%	174 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.2 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	14.7%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	-0.6%	134 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	21.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1994	16.5%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	15.0%	166 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	1.5%	67 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	60.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1995	17.7%	156 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	24.0 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	15.7%	165 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	2.0%	54 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1996	16.6%	169 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	15.8%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	0.8%	82 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1997	16.3%	167 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	16.2%	162 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	0.1%	122 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1998	16.4%	170 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	16.5%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	-0.1%	138 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1999	15.7%	169 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	14.8%	172 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.2 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	0.8%	62 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2000	15.1%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	14.4%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	0.7%	94 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world
South Africa	2001	14.6%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world	14.4%	174 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.2 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	0.2%	120 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2002	15.0%	177 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	14.0%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	1.0%	67 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2003	15.7%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	14.7%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	1.0%	69 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	60.7 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2004	17.0%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	15.2%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	1.8%	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
South Africa	2005	16.8%	176 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	15.0 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	15.9%	177 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	1.0%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2006	18.5%	166 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	17.4%	164 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	1.1%	74 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	59.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2007	19.3%	161 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.3 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	19.0%	156 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.8 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	0.3%	130 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2008	21.3%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	21.6%	138 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	-0.3%	164 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	8.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2009	18.8%	156 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	19.5%	145 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	30.8 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	-0.7%	130 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2010	17.6%	174 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.8 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	17.6%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	0.0%	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
South Africa	2011	18.9%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	17.8%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	1.0%	80 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2012	18.6%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	17.9%	159 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.0 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	0.6%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2013	19.2%	148 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	18.6%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	0.6%	98 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2014	18.5%	157 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	18.3%	157 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	0.2%	122 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2015	18.6%	161 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.1 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	18.0%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	0.6%	76 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2016	17.0%	174 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.8 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	17.4%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	-0.5%	151 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	14.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
South Africa	2017	16.6%	176 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	16.4%	172 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.8 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	0.2%	128 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2018	16.2%	180 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	15.9%	180 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	0.2%	132 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	24.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2019	15.8%	178 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.9 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	15.5%	183 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	0.4%	108 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2020	12.3%	191 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	8.7 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	13.8%	185 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-12.2 pp vs world	-1.5%	157 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2021	12.8%	195 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world	13.1%	190 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-13.0 pp vs world	-0.3%	156 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2022	15.7%	182 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	14.2%	186 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world	1.5%	75 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	56.2 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2023	15.4%	182 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	14.9%	185 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	0.5%	82 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	51.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2024	14.1%	185 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	14.5%	184 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	-0.5%	132 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Africa20.9%2024

Southern Africa15.5%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

South Africa is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

South AfricaSouthern AfricaAfricaWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

45.3% → 41.4%

Percentage-point change: -4.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

41.4% → 50.4%

Percentage-point change: +9.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

50.4% → 61.6%

Percentage-point change: +11.2 pp

Exports31.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports29.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports1.9%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness61.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

South Africa	1970	21.0%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	24.3%	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	+13.1 pp vs world	-3.3%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	45.3%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+22.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1971	21.1%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	25.0%	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world	-3.9%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	46.1%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+23.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1972	24.4%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world	21.9%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world	2.5%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	46.3%	110 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	38.4 / 100	+22.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1973	24.5%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	21.8%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	2.6%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	46.3%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+20.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1974	27.0%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	27.4%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	-0.4%	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	54.4%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+22.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1975	26.7%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	28.9%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+13.8 pp vs world	-2.2%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	55.6%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+25.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1976	26.7%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world	27.8%	110 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	38.4 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	-1.0%	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	54.5%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+23.0 pp vs world
South Africa	1977	29.2%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	24.2%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	4.9%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	53.4%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+21.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1978	31.2%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	24.6%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	6.6%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	55.8%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+24.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1979	34.0%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+17.1 pp vs world	24.7%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	9.2%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	58.7%	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	+24.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1980	34.1%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+15.8 pp vs world	26.3%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	7.9%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	60.4%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+23.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1981	27.3%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	29.1%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world	-1.8%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	56.5%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	+20.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1982	25.5%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	25.8%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	-0.3%	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	51.3%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+17.0 pp vs world
South Africa	1983	23.8%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	20.2%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	3.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	44.0%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1984	24.6%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	22.7%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	1.9%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	47.3%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1985	30.3%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+13.8 pp vs world	21.7%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	8.6%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	52.0%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	+18.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1986	29.5%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world	20.9%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	8.6%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	50.4%	110 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	38.4 / 100	+18.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1987	29.2%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world	19.5%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	9.7%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	48.7%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1988	28.1%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	21.7%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	6.4%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	49.8%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1989	25.7%	97 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	20.5%	145 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	5.2%	28 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	46.3%	124 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world
South Africa	1990	23.4%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	18.0%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	5.4%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	41.4%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1991	20.0%	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	16.0%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	4.0%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	36.0%	168 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1992	19.3%	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	15.6%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	3.7%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	34.8%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1993	19.9%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	15.8%	187 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	4.1%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	35.7%	177 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1994	19.5%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	17.6%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	2.0%	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	37.1%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1995	20.0%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	19.4%	183 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	0.6%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	39.5%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1996	21.8%	149 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	20.4%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	1.4%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	42.2%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1997	21.7%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	20.6%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	1.0%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	42.3%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1998	22.5%	140 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	21.5%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	1.0%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	44.0%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1999	22.3%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	20.0%	178 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	2.3%	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	42.3%	168 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2000	24.4%	144 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	21.8%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	2.6%	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	46.2%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2001	26.4%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	22.8%	177 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	3.5%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	49.2%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2002	28.4%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	25.0%	166 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	3.4%	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	53.5%	155 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2003	23.9%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	21.8%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	2.1%	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	45.7%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world
South Africa	2004	22.8%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	22.9%	183 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	-0.1%	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	45.6%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2005	23.6%	156 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	25.1 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	23.8%	181 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	-0.2%	75 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	47.4%	176 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	15.5 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2006	26.1%	151 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	27.7%	170 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	18.4 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	-1.6%	87 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	53.8%	169 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world
South Africa	2007	28.0%	140 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	32.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	29.2%	164 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	21.3 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	-1.2%	78 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.8 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	57.1%	164 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	21.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2008	32.3%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	33.7%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	-1.5%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	66.0%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2009	25.0%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	24.6%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	0.4%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	49.6%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2010	25.8%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	24.6%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	1.2%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	50.4%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2011	27.7%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	26.9%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	0.8%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	54.6%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2012	27.1%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	28.4%	173 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	-1.3%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	55.6%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2013	28.4%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	30.5%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	-2.1%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	58.9%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2014	29.0%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	30.5%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	-1.5%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	59.5%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2015	27.7%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	29.0%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	-1.3%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	56.7%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2016	28.2%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	27.7%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	0.5%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	55.9%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2017	27.3%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	26.2%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	1.1%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	53.5%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2018	27.5%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	27.0%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	0.5%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	54.5%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2019	27.2%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	26.7%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	0.5%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	53.9%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2020	27.6%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	23.2%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	4.4%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	50.8%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2021	31.2%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	25.0%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	6.2%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	56.2%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2022	33.5%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	31.4%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	2.1%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	64.9%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2023	33.3%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	32.4%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	0.8%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	65.7%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2024	31.8%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	29.9%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	1.9%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	61.6%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Africa55.1%2024

Southern Africa64.2%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 48.3%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing3.1%

1970–1990-2.5 pp1990–2010-2.3 pp2010–2024+0.8 pp

World specialization: 0.73×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities24.6%

1970–1990+2.5 pp1990–2010-11.7 pp2010–2024+0.6 pp

World specialization: 1.16×

Construction2.4%

1970–1990-0.9 pp1990–2010+0.1 pp2010–2024-1.2 pp

World specialization: 0.42×

Trade, restaurants and hotels13.8%

1970–1990-0.2 pp1990–2010-1.0 pp2010–2024+0.0 pp

World specialization: 0.96×

Transport, storage and communication7.8%

1970–1990-1.3 pp1990–2010-0.6 pp2010–2024-0.6 pp

World specialization: 0.80×

Other activities48.3%

1970–1990+2.4 pp1990–2010+15.4 pp2010–2024+0.3 pp

World specialization: 1.09×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

30.1% → 32.5%

Percentage-point change: +2.4 pp

Integration1990–2010

32.5% → 47.9%

Percentage-point change: +15.4 pp

Current era2010–2024

47.9% → 48.3%

Percentage-point change: +0.3 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.73×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities1.16×

Construction0.42×

Trade, restaurants and hotels0.96×

Transport, storage and communication0.80×

Other activities1.09×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

South Africa	1970	7.1%	133 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	24.6 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	33.2%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	4.4%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	15.0%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	10.2%	29 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	30.1%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1971	7.7%	128 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	31.3%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	4.7%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	14.4%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	10.5%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	31.5%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1972	7.5%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	31.9%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	5.3%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	14.2%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	9.9%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	31.2%	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1973	7.1%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	33.6%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	5.5%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	14.3%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	10.1%	31 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.0 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	29.3%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1974	8.5%	118 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	34.3%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	5.6%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	14.0%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	9.5%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	28.1%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1975	7.5%	123 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	35.2%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	5.5%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	14.0%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	9.9%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	27.9%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1976	6.6%	128 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	35.9%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	5.1%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	13.5%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	10.0%	28 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	28.8%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1977	7.0%	127 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	28.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	35.3%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	4.7%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	13.3%	107 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	11.0%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	28.8%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1978	6.6%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	37.4%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	4.2%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	12.8%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	10.6%	26 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	28.4%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1979	5.9%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	41.0%	13 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	3.8%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	11.7%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	10.0%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	27.7%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1980	6.1%	124 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	44.1%	13 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	3.4%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	12.1%	121 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	9.3%	44 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	25.0%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
South Africa	1981	6.4%	122 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	40.8%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	4.0%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	13.3%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	9.3%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	26.2%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world
South Africa	1982	5.6%	126 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	39.2%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	4.3%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	13.5%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	9.2%	48 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	28.3%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1983	4.4%	138 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	21.7 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	39.6%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	4.3%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	13.2%	113 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	9.2%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	29.4%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1984	4.7%	135 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	38.3%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	4.0%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	12.1%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	9.8%	37 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	31.1%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1985	5.1%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	39.0%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	3.8%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	11.5%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	9.2%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	31.4%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1986	4.9%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	39.5%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	3.6%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	11.6%	138 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	9.7%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	30.7%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1987	5.5%	127 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	28.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	37.3%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	3.5%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	12.7%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	9.8%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	31.2%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1988	5.8%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	37.1%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	3.5%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	13.1%	117 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	9.8%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	30.7%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1989	5.3%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	36.4%	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	3.4%	135 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	24.7 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	14.0%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	9.1%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	31.7%	84 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1990	4.6%	159 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	35.6%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	3.5%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	14.8%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	8.9%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	32.5%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world
South Africa	1991	4.4%	158 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	34.5%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	3.5%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	14.2%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	9.0%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	34.4%	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1992	3.6%	164 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	19.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	32.6%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	3.5%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	14.2%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	9.5%	60 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	36.7%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1993	3.7%	162 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	20.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	31.1%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	3.3%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	13.6%	119 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.2 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	8.4%	95 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	39.9%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
South Africa	1994	4.1%	160 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	21.7 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	30.5%	40 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.0 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	3.3%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	13.2%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	8.5%	87 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	40.3%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1995	3.4%	163 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	30.2%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	3.3%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	13.4%	130 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	8.9%	79 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	40.8%	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1996	3.7%	160 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	21.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	29.0%	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	3.3%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	13.2%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	9.2%	70 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	41.6%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
South Africa	1997	3.5%	160 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	21.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	28.3%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	3.3%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	12.8%	135 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	9.4%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	42.6%	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
South Africa	1998	3.3%	161 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	28.0%	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	3.1%	178 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	12.6%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	9.7%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	43.3%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
South Africa	1999	3.1%	159 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	27.2%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	2.9%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	13.0%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	9.9%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	43.9%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2000	2.8%	160 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	21.7 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	28.0%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	2.6%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	13.5%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	10.1%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	42.9%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2001	3.1%	158 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	28.5%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	2.5%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	12.9%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	10.0%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	43.0%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2002	3.2%	152 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	28.6%	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	2.3%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	12.6%	136 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	9.4%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	43.9%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2003	2.9%	156 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	26.9%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	2.3%	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	12.8%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	10.0%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	45.1%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2004	2.6%	157 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	26.3%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	2.5%	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	13.0%	136 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	10.1%	79 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	45.4%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2005	2.3%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	25.9%	66 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	2.7%	191 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	8.2 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	12.8%	144 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	10.1%	81 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	46.2%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
South Africa	2006	2.3%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	24.7%	74 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	2.8%	187 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	10.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	12.8%	135 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	10.7%	52 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	75.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	46.7%	40 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	81.2 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2007	2.6%	151 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	24.7%	74 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	3.3%	179 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	14.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	12.6%	148 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	10.0%	76 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	46.8%	36 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
South Africa	2008	2.8%	149 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	25.4%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	4.2%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	13.0%	143 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	9.1%	100 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	45.5%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2009	2.6%	149 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	24.1%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	4.0%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	12.8%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	8.8%	119 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.3 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	47.7%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2010	2.3%	155 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	24.0%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.6%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	13.8%	131 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	8.4%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	47.9%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2011	2.2%	157 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	23.6%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	3.7%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	13.8%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	8.5%	111 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	48.2%	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world
South Africa	2012	2.2%	158 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	23.2%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	3.8%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	14.1%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	8.8%	104 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	48.0%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2013	2.1%	161 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	23.2%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	3.9%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	14.1%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	9.1%	102 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	47.6%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2014	2.4%	155 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.2 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	23.0%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	3.9%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	14.1%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	9.0%	104 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	47.6%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
South Africa	2015	2.5%	151 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.2 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	22.5%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	3.9%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	14.0%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	9.0%	109 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	48.2%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2016	2.7%	150 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	22.7%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	3.7%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	13.9%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	8.8%	123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	48.3%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2017	2.8%	148 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	22.6%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	3.5%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	13.8%	134 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	8.7%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	48.7%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2018	2.5%	146 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	29.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	22.8%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.4%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	13.9%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	8.4%	126 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.9 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	49.1%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2019	2.2%	157 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	23.0%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	3.3%	182 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.4 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	13.9%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	8.3%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	49.4%	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2020	2.8%	149 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	23.0%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	2.7%	192 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	13.1%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	7.4%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	50.9%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world
South Africa	2021	2.7%	149 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	25.1%	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	2.5%	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	13.5%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	7.3%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	48.8%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world
South Africa	2022	2.9%	141 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	25.3%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	2.5%	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	13.7%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	7.7%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	47.9%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2023	2.8%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	24.9%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	2.5%	194 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	14.0%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	7.9%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	47.9%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
South Africa	2024	3.1%	136 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	24.6%	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	2.4%	195 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	13.8%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	7.8%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	48.3%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 14.2% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, South Africa was 1.5 percentage points below the world value.

Latest share: 14.2%
World specialization: 0.91×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

22.6% → 23.4%

Percentage-point change: +0.8 pp

Integration1990–2010

23.4% → 15.1%

Percentage-point change: -8.2 pp

Current era2010–2024

15.1% → 14.2%

Percentage-point change: -0.9 pp

Share of total GVA14.2%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity57.8%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth-0.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing0.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

South Africa	1970	22.6%	37 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	68.0%	117 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-16.2 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.5%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1971	21.8%	38 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	69.6%	115 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world	6.4%	70 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	0.5%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1972	21.1%	43 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	66.2%	123 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	-17.5 pp vs world	3.8%	115 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	0.4%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1973	21.3%	42 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	63.3%	125 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	-19.8 pp vs world	9.3%	56 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.5%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1974	20.6%	50 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.0 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	60.1%	122 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-19.2 pp vs world	6.5%	72 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	59.4 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	0.5%	24 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1975	22.4%	36 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	63.8%	122 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-15.3 pp vs world	3.8%	69 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	0.5%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1976	22.7%	36 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	63.4%	122 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-15.4 pp vs world	2.5%	126 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	0.5%	24 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1977	21.0%	45 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.9 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	59.4%	128 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-19.0 pp vs world	-3.3%	158 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	0.4%	25 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1978	20.7%	44 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	55.4%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-23.6 pp vs world	7.3%	66 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	0.4%	26 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	85.7 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1979	21.6%	38 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	52.7%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-24.5 pp vs world	8.3%	60 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	0.5%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1980	21.4%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	48.6%	137 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-25.1 pp vs world	8.2%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	0.6%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1981	23.7%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	58.2%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-15.3 pp vs world	9.2%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	0.7%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1982	23.5%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	59.9%	125 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world	-5.2%	152 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1983	23.2%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	58.7%	124 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-15.3 pp vs world	-1.8%	138 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	0.7%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1984	22.8%	31 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.0 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	59.4%	122 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-15.2 pp vs world	6.6%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	0.6%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1985	21.6%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	55.5%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-20.1 pp vs world	-3.3%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	0.4%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1986	21.7%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	55.1%	133 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-24.2 pp vs world	-0.2%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	0.4%	28 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	1987	22.2%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	59.5%	126 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-19.9 pp vs world	2.2%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	0.5%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1988	22.7%	35 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	61.1%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-19.0 pp vs world	6.5%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	0.5%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1989	23.2%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	63.9%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-15.9 pp vs world	1.9%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	0.5%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1990	23.4%	44 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	65.5%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-12.9 pp vs world	-2.2%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	0.5%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	1991	23.8%	38 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	69.1%	126 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.7 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	4.4%	60 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.1 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1992	23.6%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	72.3%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	3.1%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1993	23.1%	34 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	74.2%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	4.1%	70 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	0.7%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
South Africa	1994	22.8%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	74.6%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	2.7%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1995	23.0%	28 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	76.1%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	6.5%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1996	21.9%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	75.5%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	1.4%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1997	21.5%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	76.1%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	2.7%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1998	21.0%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	75.1%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	-0.2%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.6%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	1999	20.2%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	74.0%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	0.6%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	0.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2000	20.6%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	73.5%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	8.1%	70 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	0.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2001	20.7%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	72.6%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	3.2%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	0.5%	29 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2002	20.7%	34 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.8 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	72.2%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	2.8%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	0.5%	29 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2003	20.1%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	74.7%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	-1.5%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	0.6%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2004	19.7%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	74.9%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	4.9%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2005	19.1%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	73.8%	90 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	57.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	6.2%	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	0.6%	25 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.4 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2006	17.2%	60 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	71.5 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	69.9%	109 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	6.4%	90 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	0.6%	25 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.4 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
South Africa	2007	17.1%	60 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	71.5 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	69.2%	114 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	5.4%	93 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	55.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	0.5%	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2008	17.1%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	67.5%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	2.3%	102 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.5%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2009	15.8%	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	65.7%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	-10.6%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	0.5%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2010	15.1%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	63.1%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	5.9%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	0.5%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2011	14.1%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	59.8%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	3.0%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	0.5%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
South Africa	2012	13.8%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	59.3%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	2.1%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	0.4%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2013	13.7%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	58.9%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	1.0%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	0.4%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2014	13.8%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	60.0%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world	-0.6%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	0.4%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2015	13.9%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	61.8%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world	-0.2%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	0.4%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2016	13.9%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	61.2%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-16.2 pp vs world	0.4%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	0.3%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2017	13.8%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	61.1%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-15.0 pp vs world	-0.2%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	0.4%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2018	13.8%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	60.8%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world	1.5%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	0.4%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
South Africa	2019	13.8%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	60.0%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-15.6 pp vs world	-0.7%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	0.3%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2020	13.0%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	56.2%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-21.4 pp vs world	-12.1%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	0.3%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2021	13.4%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	53.4%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-22.0 pp vs world	6.8%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	0.3%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2022	13.8%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	54.8%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-17.1 pp vs world	-0.3%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	0.3%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2023	14.5%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	58.1%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-15.3 pp vs world	0.4%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	0.3%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
South Africa	2024	14.2%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	57.8%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-16.3 pp vs world	-0.4%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	0.3%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Africa1.27×

Southern Africa1.02×

World0.91×

South Africa Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure