Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$1.25T2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 18 of 210

Real GDP growth2.6%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$36,9272024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP1.1%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity39.7%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Mining, manufacturing and utilities

Manufacturing17.0%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap +1.4 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Saudi Arabia	1970	$5.38B	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$1,509	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	162.6 (world = 100)	0.2%	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1971	$7.18B	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	15.2%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world	$1,929	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	192.6 (world = 100)	0.2%	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1972	$9.66B	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	18.8%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	$2,474	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	219.0 (world = 100)	0.2%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1973	$14.95B	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	22.5%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+16.1 pp vs world	$3,640	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	270.0 (world = 100)	0.3%	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1974	$45.41B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	16.1%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+14.0 pp vs world	$10,503	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	700.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1975	$46.77B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	-5.5%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	$10,266	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	623.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1976	$64.01B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	15.2%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	$13,313	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	761.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1977	$74.19B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	5.9%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	$14,595	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	755.0 (world = 100)	0.9%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1978	$80.27B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.2%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	$14,914	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	662.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1979	$111.86B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	11.0%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	$19,612	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	770.5 (world = 100)	1.0%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1980	$164.54B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	5.8%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	$27,206	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	974.9 (world = 100)	1.3%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	-98.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1981	$184.29B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.5 (world = 100)	3.0%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$28,703	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	1024.7 (world = 100)	1.5%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	-98.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1982	$153.24B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	-16.1%	177 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-16.6 pp vs world	$22,454	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	822.8 (world = 100)	1.2%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1983	$129.18B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	-11.0%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world	$17,811	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	648.2 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1984	$119.63B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	-4.0%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	$15,542	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	559.8 (world = 100)	0.9%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1985	$103.89B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	-7.2%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	$12,745	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	455.2 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1986	$86.89B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.0%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	$10,069	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	317.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1987	$85.58B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-3.1%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	$9,373	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	266.1 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1988	$88.14B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	6.6%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	$9,153	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	236.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1989	$95.22B	26 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	86.0 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	$9,401	40 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	78.1 / 100	236.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	86.0 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1990	$117.47B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	9.4%	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	$11,040	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	254.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1991	$132.05B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	8.2%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	$11,831	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	264.1 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1992	$136.91B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	4.6%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$11,715	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	248.3 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1993	$132.79B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	$10,870	44 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	229.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1994	$134.99B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	1.0%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	$10,588	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	212.7 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1995	$143.15B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.3%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	$10,772	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	198.0 (world = 100)	0.5%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1996	$158.45B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	3.3%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$11,456	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	209.2 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1997	$165.74B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.6%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	$11,530	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	214.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1998	$146.78B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	2.8%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	$9,836	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	186.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1999	$161.72B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-0.6%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	$10,452	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	193.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2000	$189.51B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	4.7%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$11,715	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	213.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2001	$184.14B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.3%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	$10,805	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	200.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2002	$189.61B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-0.7%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	$10,586	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	191.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2003	$215.81B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	8.8%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	$11,487	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	187.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2004	$258.74B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	8.6%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	$13,155	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	193.2 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2005	$328.21B	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	5.9%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	$15,963	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	219.1 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2006	$376.40B	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	3.3%	159 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	$17,540	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	224.9 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2007	$415.69B	23 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	2.2%	173 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	$18,584	54 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	214.0 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2008	$519.80B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	6.2%	60 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	71.5 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	$22,320	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	237.1 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2009	$429.10B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	-1.1%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$17,718	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	200.9 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2010	$528.21B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	5.0%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	$20,996	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	220.1 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2011	$680.66B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	11.8%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	$26,073	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	248.8 (world = 100)	0.9%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2012	$751.92B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	5.8%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	$27,785	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	262.8 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2013	$769.76B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	2.9%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$27,465	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	255.5 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2014	$787.15B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	4.0%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$27,145	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	249.1 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2015	$693.41B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	4.7%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	$23,133	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	227.1 (world = 100)	0.9%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2016	$689.28B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.7%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	$22,439	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	219.3 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2017	$741.27B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.2%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	$24,081	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	223.7 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2018	$886.57B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	3.2%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	$29,197	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	258.2 (world = 100)	1.0%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2019	$888.89B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	1.7%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	$29,170	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	257.0 (world = 100)	1.0%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2020	$767.95B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	-3.8%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	$24,780	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	226.1 (world = 100)	0.9%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2021	$982.66B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	6.5%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$31,366	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	252.6 (world = 100)	1.0%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2022	$1.24T	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	12.0%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	$38,510	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	300.7 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2023	$1.22T	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	0.5%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	$36,633	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	276.4 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2024	$1.25T	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	2.6%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$36,927	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	270.1 (world = 100)	1.1%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Saudi ArabiaAsiaWestern AsiaWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Saudi Arabia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Saudi ArabiaWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$5.38B → $117.47B

Compound annual change: +16.7% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$117.47B → $528.21B

Compound annual change: +7.8% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$528.21B → $1.25T

Compound annual change: +6.4% CAGR

Nominal GDP$1.25T2024 · Published series · World rank 18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$945.56B2024 · Published series · World rank 18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP1.1%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Saudi Arabia	1970	$5.38B	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$141.91B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.2%	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1971	$7.18B	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$163.52B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.2%	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1972	$9.66B	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$194.24B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.2%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1973	$14.95B	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$237.94B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	0.3%	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1974	$45.41B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$276.24B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	0.8%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1975	$46.77B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$261.08B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1976	$64.01B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$300.83B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	0.9%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1977	$74.19B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$318.55B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	0.9%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1978	$80.27B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$319.10B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1979	$111.86B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$354.08B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	1.0%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1980	$164.54B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	$374.61B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	1.3%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	-98.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1981	$184.29B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.5 (world = 100)	$385.79B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.4 (world = 100)	1.5%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	-98.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1982	$153.24B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$323.64B	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	1.2%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1983	$129.18B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$288.06B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1984	$119.63B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$276.52B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1985	$103.89B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$256.58B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1986	$86.89B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$259.16B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1987	$85.58B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$251.04B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1988	$88.14B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$267.61B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.4%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1989	$95.22B	26 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	86.0 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$268.72B	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	86.0 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1990	$117.47B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$294.05B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1991	$132.05B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$318.23B	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1992	$136.91B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$332.80B	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1993	$132.79B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$334.07B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1994	$134.99B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$337.25B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1995	$143.15B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$338.30B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1996	$158.45B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$349.48B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1997	$165.74B	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$358.73B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1998	$146.78B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$368.79B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1999	$161.72B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$366.46B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2000	$189.51B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$383.75B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2001	$184.14B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$385.07B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.5%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2002	$189.61B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$382.42B	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2003	$215.81B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$415.95B	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2004	$258.74B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$451.85B	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2005	$328.21B	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$478.71B	19 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	91.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2006	$376.40B	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$494.58B	19 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	91.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2007	$415.69B	23 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$505.52B	19 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	91.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2008	$519.80B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$537.06B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2009	$429.10B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$531.33B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2010	$528.21B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$558.11B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2011	$680.66B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$623.73B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2012	$751.92B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$659.67B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2013	$769.76B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$679.10B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2014	$787.15B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$706.43B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.0%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2015	$693.41B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$739.32B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2016	$689.28B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$751.92B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2017	$741.27B	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$760.80B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2018	$886.57B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$785.35B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.0%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2019	$888.89B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$798.33B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.0%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2020	$767.95B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$767.95B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2021	$982.66B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$818.02B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.0%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2022	$1.24T	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$916.19B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2023	$1.22T	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$921.16B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.1%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2024	$1.25T	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	$945.56B	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	1.1%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Asia$40.60T2024

Western Asia$4.80T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Saudi Arabia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Saudi ArabiaWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$1,509 → $11,040

Compound annual change: +10.5% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$11,040 → $20,996

Compound annual change: +3.3% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$20,996 → $36,927

Compound annual change: +4.1% CAGR

GDP per person$36,9272024 · Published series · World rank 41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$27,8412024 · Published series · World rank 47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Saudi Arabia	1970	$1,509	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	162.6 (world = 100)	$39,835	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	767.7 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1971	$1,929	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	192.6 (world = 100)	$43,910	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	828.6 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1972	$2,474	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	219.0 (world = 100)	$49,732	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	908.5 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1973	$3,640	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	270.0 (world = 100)	$57,943	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	1014.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1974	$10,503	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	700.7 (world = 100)	$63,891	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	1116.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1975	$10,266	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	623.7 (world = 100)	$57,301	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	1011.2 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1976	$13,313	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	761.9 (world = 100)	$62,569	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	1068.6 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1977	$14,595	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	755.0 (world = 100)	$62,669	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	1046.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1978	$14,914	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	662.6 (world = 100)	$59,291	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	964.7 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1979	$19,612	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	770.5 (world = 100)	$62,080	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	988.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1980	$27,206	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	974.9 (world = 100)	$61,940	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	984.8 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1981	$28,703	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	1024.7 (world = 100)	$60,086	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	954.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1982	$22,454	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	822.8 (world = 100)	$47,423	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	763.5 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1983	$17,811	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	648.2 (world = 100)	$39,716	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	633.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1984	$15,542	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	559.8 (world = 100)	$35,924	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	557.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1985	$12,745	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	455.2 (world = 100)	$31,475	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	479.9 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1986	$10,069	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	317.6 (world = 100)	$30,035	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	452.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1987	$9,373	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	266.1 (world = 100)	$27,496	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	406.6 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1988	$9,153	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	236.6 (world = 100)	$27,792	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	400.4 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1989	$9,401	40 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	78.1 / 100	236.6 (world = 100)	$26,532	33 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	375.2 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1990	$11,040	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	254.5 (world = 100)	$27,635	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	386.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1991	$11,831	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	264.1 (world = 100)	$28,513	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	400.3 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1992	$11,715	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	248.3 (world = 100)	$28,477	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	398.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1993	$10,870	44 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	229.6 (world = 100)	$27,347	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	381.6 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1994	$10,588	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	212.7 (world = 100)	$26,451	40 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.0 / 100	362.7 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1995	$10,772	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	198.0 (world = 100)	$25,457	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	343.5 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1996	$11,456	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	209.2 (world = 100)	$25,268	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	334.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1997	$11,530	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	214.5 (world = 100)	$24,955	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	322.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1998	$9,836	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	186.6 (world = 100)	$24,714	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	314.5 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	1999	$10,452	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	193.4 (world = 100)	$23,685	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	295.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2000	$11,715	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	213.4 (world = 100)	$23,721	44 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	286.7 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2001	$10,805	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	200.6 (world = 100)	$22,596	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	271.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2002	$10,586	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	191.4 (world = 100)	$21,351	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	254.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2003	$11,487	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	187.6 (world = 100)	$22,141	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	259.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2004	$13,155	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	193.2 (world = 100)	$22,972	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	260.7 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2005	$15,963	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	219.1 (world = 100)	$23,284	46 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	257.3 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2006	$17,540	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	224.9 (world = 100)	$23,047	48 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	247.0 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2007	$18,584	54 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	214.0 (world = 100)	$22,600	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	235.2 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2008	$22,320	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	237.1 (world = 100)	$23,062	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	238.3 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2009	$17,718	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	200.9 (world = 100)	$21,940	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	232.9 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2010	$20,996	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	220.1 (world = 100)	$22,185	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	228.4 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2011	$26,073	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	248.8 (world = 100)	$23,893	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	241.2 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2012	$27,785	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	262.8 (world = 100)	$24,376	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	242.5 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2013	$27,465	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	255.5 (world = 100)	$24,230	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	237.4 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2014	$27,145	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	249.1 (world = 100)	$24,361	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	234.5 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2015	$23,133	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	227.1 (world = 100)	$24,665	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	232.9 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2016	$22,439	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	219.3 (world = 100)	$24,478	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	227.6 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2017	$24,081	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	223.7 (world = 100)	$24,716	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	224.8 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2018	$29,197	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	258.2 (world = 100)	$25,864	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	230.3 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2019	$29,170	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	257.0 (world = 100)	$26,198	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	229.8 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2020	$24,780	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	226.1 (world = 100)	$24,780	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	226.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2021	$31,366	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	252.6 (world = 100)	$26,111	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	225.8 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2022	$38,510	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	300.7 (world = 100)	$28,475	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	240.3 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2023	$36,633	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	276.4 (world = 100)	$27,692	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	229.1 (world = 100)
Saudi Arabia	2024	$36,927	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	270.1 (world = 100)	$27,841	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	225.9 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Asia$8,4482024

Western Asia$15,5262024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Saudi Arabia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Saudi ArabiaWestern AsiaAsiaWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

15.2% → 9.4%

Average annual rate: +4.2%

Integration1990–2010

9.4% → 5.0%

Average annual rate: +3.6%

Current era2010–2024

5.0% → 2.6%

Average annual rate: +4.0%

Real GDP growth2.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth0.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator132.62024 · Published series · World rank 59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Saudi Arabia	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	4.5	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1971	15.2%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world	10.2%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	5.3	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1972	18.8%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	13.3%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	5.5	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1973	22.5%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+16.1 pp vs world	16.5%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	6.2	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1974	16.1%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+14.0 pp vs world	10.3%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	15.6	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1975	-5.5%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	-10.3%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	16.8	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1976	15.2%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	9.2%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	20.0	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1977	5.9%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	0.2%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	21.9	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1978	0.2%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	-5.4%	165 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	22.8	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1979	11.0%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	4.7%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	28.3	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1980	5.8%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	-0.2%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	39.0	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1981	3.0%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	-3.0%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	43.1	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1982	-16.1%	177 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-16.6 pp vs world	-21.1%	177 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-19.7 pp vs world	43.3	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1983	-11.0%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world	-16.3%	178 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world	41.3	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1984	-4.0%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	-9.5%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	40.7	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1985	-7.2%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	-12.4%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world	39.1	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1986	1.0%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	-4.6%	161 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	33.1	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1987	-3.1%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	-8.5%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	34.1	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1988	6.6%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	1.1%	110 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	38.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	32.9	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1989	0.4%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	-4.5%	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	35.4	81 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1990	9.4%	19 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	4.2%	45 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	75.3 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	39.9	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1991	8.2%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	3.2%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	41.5	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1992	4.6%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	-0.1%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	41.1	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1993	0.4%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	-4.0%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	39.7	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1994	1.0%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-3.3%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	40.0	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1995	0.3%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	-3.8%	181 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	42.3	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1996	3.3%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	-0.7%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	45.3	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1997	2.6%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	-1.2%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	46.2	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1998	2.8%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	-1.0%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	39.8	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100
Saudi Arabia	1999	-0.6%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	-4.2%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	44.1	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2000	4.7%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.2%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	49.4	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2001	0.3%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	-4.7%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	47.8	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2002	-0.7%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	-5.5%	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	49.6	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2003	8.8%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	3.7%	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	51.9	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2004	8.6%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	3.8%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	57.3	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2005	5.9%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	1.4%	154 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	68.6	94 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2006	3.3%	159 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	-1.0%	192 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	76.1	70 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2007	2.2%	173 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	-1.9%	198 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	82.2	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2008	6.2%	60 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	71.5 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	2.0%	103 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	96.8	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2009	-1.1%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	-4.9%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	80.8	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2010	5.0%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	1.1%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	94.6	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2011	11.8%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	7.7%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	109.1	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2012	5.8%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	2.0%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	114.0	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2013	2.9%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	-0.6%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	113.3	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2014	4.0%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	0.5%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	111.4	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2015	4.7%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	1.2%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	93.8	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2016	1.7%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-0.8%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	91.7	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2017	1.2%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	1.0%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	97.4	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2018	3.2%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	4.6%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	112.9	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2019	1.7%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	1.3%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	111.3	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2020	-3.8%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	-5.4%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2021	6.5%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	5.4%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	120.1	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2022	12.0%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	9.1%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	135.2	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2023	0.5%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	-2.7%	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	132.3	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100
Saudi Arabia	2024	2.6%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	0.5%	156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	132.6	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Asia3.9%2024

Western Asia2.1%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Saudi Arabia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Saudi ArabiaWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

48.4% → 75.4%

Percentage-point change: +27.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

75.4% → 52.5%

Percentage-point change: -22.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

52.5% → 66.0%

Percentage-point change: +13.5 pp

Final consumption66.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption44.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 185 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption21.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 50 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand97.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 137 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Saudi Arabia	1970	48.4%	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-24.3 pp vs world	32.5%	167 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-24.5 pp vs world	15.9%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	70.8%	170 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-29.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1971	40.0%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-33.1 pp vs world	26.6%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-30.4 pp vs world	13.3%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	63.9%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-36.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1972	36.5%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-36.4 pp vs world	23.8%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-33.0 pp vs world	12.7%	111 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	56.7%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-43.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1973	34.6%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-37.0 pp vs world	20.5%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-35.4 pp vs world	14.2%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	21.2%	177 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-79.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1974	19.3%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-52.4 pp vs world	10.9%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-44.8 pp vs world	8.4%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	50.3%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-50.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1975	31.0%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-42.6 pp vs world	16.5%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-40.1 pp vs world	14.5%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	48.4%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-52.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1976	33.8%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-39.2 pp vs world	16.9%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-39.2 pp vs world	16.9%	80 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	64.5%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-36.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1977	44.5%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-28.3 pp vs world	26.2%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-30.0 pp vs world	18.3%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	75.1%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-26.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1978	56.0%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-16.6 pp vs world	31.7%	168 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-24.2 pp vs world	24.3%	26 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	92.3%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1979	53.1%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-19.5 pp vs world	31.5%	168 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-24.6 pp vs world	21.7%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	79.4%	167 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-21.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1980	40.9%	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-32.2 pp vs world	25.0%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-31.4 pp vs world	15.9%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	63.8%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-37.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1981	46.1%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-27.3 pp vs world	26.6%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-30.0 pp vs world	19.5%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	67.3%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-33.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1982	62.5%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	36.3%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-21.0 pp vs world	26.2%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	88.4%	170 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1983	74.9%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	45.1%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world	29.8%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world	109.2%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1984	77.9%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	47.7%	157 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	30.1%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+13.5 pp vs world	110.7%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1985	85.1%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	53.2%	139 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	31.9%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+15.3 pp vs world	106.6%	67 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1986	89.6%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	55.0%	133 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	34.7%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+17.7 pp vs world	109.1%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1987	88.6%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+13.5 pp vs world	53.3%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	35.2%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+18.3 pp vs world	106.3%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1988	84.2%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	53.3%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	30.9%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	103.9%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1989	84.9%	68 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world	51.3%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	33.6%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+17.2 pp vs world	104.3%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1990	75.4%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	46.3%	186 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world	29.0%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	91.0%	183 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1991	78.1%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	43.9%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world	34.2%	14 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.6 / 100	+17.3 pp vs world	98.1%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1992	73.9%	155 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	44.2%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world	29.7%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	96.9%	160 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1993	74.0%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	47.7%	180 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.3 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	26.3%	33 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.3 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	99.1%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1994	71.7%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	47.5%	182 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world	24.2%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	92.1%	179 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1995	70.1%	168 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	46.6%	188 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	23.5%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	90.4%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1996	68.0%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	43.7%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-15.1 pp vs world	24.4%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	86.6%	194 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1997	68.1%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	42.1%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-17.0 pp vs world	26.0%	23 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	86.9%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1998	73.9%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	45.7%	187 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	28.2%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	96.8%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1999	67.0%	181 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	41.6%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-18.2 pp vs world	25.4%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	88.5%	185 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2000	62.0%	182 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.7 / 100	-13.5 pp vs world	36.2%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-23.5 pp vs world	25.9%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	81.4%	184 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-18.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2001	64.7%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world	37.3%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-22.8 pp vs world	27.3%	21 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	84.3%	183 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-15.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2002	63.0%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world	37.1%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-23.1 pp vs world	26.0%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	82.7%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-17.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2003	58.6%	187 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world	34.1%	201 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.0 / 100	-25.7 pp vs world	24.5%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	78.1%	196 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-21.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2004	53.2%	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-22.6 pp vs world	30.4%	201 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.0 / 100	-28.7 pp vs world	22.9%	30 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	73.1%	198 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-26.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2005	47.7%	197 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-27.7 pp vs world	26.3%	204 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	1.5 / 100	-32.4 pp vs world	21.3%	38 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	67.9%	200 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-31.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2006	48.1%	190 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	8.7 / 100	-26.4 pp vs world	26.0%	203 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	-32.0 pp vs world	22.0%	30 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	70.3%	199 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-29.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2007	48.5%	191 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	8.2 / 100	-25.4 pp vs world	27.9%	202 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-29.6 pp vs world	20.7%	42 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	75.0%	191 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-24.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2008	44.6%	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-29.4 pp vs world	26.9%	205 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	1.9 / 100	-30.2 pp vs world	17.7%	74 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	71.9%	196 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-27.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2009	59.0%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-17.1 pp vs world	36.8%	193 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100	-21.3 pp vs world	22.2%	39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	90.7%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2010	52.5%	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-22.1 pp vs world	32.3%	198 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-24.8 pp vs world	20.2%	55 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	83.4%	183 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-15.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2011	47.0%	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-26.8 pp vs world	27.2%	203 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-29.4 pp vs world	19.9%	55 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	73.8%	194 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-25.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2012	49.0%	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-24.6 pp vs world	28.9%	201 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-27.7 pp vs world	20.2%	48 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	75.5%	194 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-23.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2013	53.2%	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-20.4 pp vs world	30.9%	201 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-25.8 pp vs world	22.4%	35 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	79.5%	189 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-19.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2014	59.3%	189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.0 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world	33.7%	200 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	4.3 / 100	-23.0 pp vs world	25.6%	23 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	87.8%	184 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2015	71.8%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	42.9%	189 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world	28.9%	17 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world	104.2%	102 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2016	71.5%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	46.7%	186 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	24.8%	25 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	99.6%	134 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2017	69.3%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	46.0%	184 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	23.4%	33 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.6 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	94.8%	168 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.7 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2018	65.7%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	42.5%	189 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world	23.2%	29 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	86.5 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	88.1%	181 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.5 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2019	66.9%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	44.2%	185 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	22.7%	35 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	92.5%	175 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2020	76.6%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	49.2%	173 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.3 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	27.4%	21 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	99.9%	132 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.0 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2021	66.2%	173 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	44.6%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	21.7%	52 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	92.6%	170 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2022	58.3%	190 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-13.6 pp vs world	39.2%	188 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	10.1 / 100	-16.4 pp vs world	19.1%	68 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	84.9%	183 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2023	64.5%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	43.6%	187 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	10.6 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world	20.9%	49 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.9 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	94.3%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2024	66.0%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	44.6%	185 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	21.3%	50 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.4 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	97.6%	137 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Asia63.9%2024

Western Asia69.1%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Saudi Arabia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Saudi ArabiaWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

22.4% → 15.7%

Percentage-point change: -6.7 pp

Integration1990–2010

15.7% → 30.9%

Percentage-point change: +15.2 pp

Current era2010–2024

30.9% → 31.7%

Percentage-point change: +0.7 pp

Gross capital formation31.7%2024 · Published series · World rank 26 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation30.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 25 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories1.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 51 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Saudi Arabia	1970	22.4%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	12.7%	142 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	9.7%	6 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	96.3 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1971	24.0%	80 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	10.9%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-12.3 pp vs world	13.1%	2 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	99.3 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1972	20.2%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	12.2%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world	7.9%	5 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1973	-13.4%	177 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-42.0 pp vs world	14.0%	141 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world	-27.4%	139 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	0.7 / 100	-28.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1974	30.9%	46 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	8.8%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-17.6 pp vs world	22.1%	2 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	99.3 / 100	+20.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1975	17.4%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	17.4%	129 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	28.1 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1976	30.8%	46 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	21.4%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	9.4%	7 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1977	30.6%	44 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	25.5%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	5.1%	18 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1978	36.3%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	30.0%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	6.3%	9 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1979	26.3%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	24.9%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	1.4%	69 of 142 · highest-to-lowest	51.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1980	22.9%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	20.7%	116 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	34.7 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	2.2%	53 of 143 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1981	21.2%	121 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.8 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	21.2%	111 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	-0.1%	108 of 144 · highest-to-lowest	25.2 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1982	25.9%	74 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	24.9%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	1.0%	67 of 145 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1983	34.4%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	26.9%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	7.4%	3 of 146 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1984	32.8%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	25.2%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	7.7%	4 of 147 · highest-to-lowest	97.9 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1985	21.5%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	22.3%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	-0.8%	124 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1986	19.5%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	22.6%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-3.1%	140 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1987	17.7%	124 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	22.3%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	-4.6%	145 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1988	19.7%	114 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	18.9%	117 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	0.8%	77 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1989	19.4%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	18.6%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	0.9%	77 of 152 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1990	15.7%	167 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	18.9%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	-3.2%	163 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1991	20.0%	127 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	20.3%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	-0.3%	138 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1992	23.0%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	20.2%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	2.7%	40 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	76.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1993	25.1%	70 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	21.9%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	3.2%	20 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1994	20.4%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	18.4%	138 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	2.0%	49 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1995	20.3%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	19.2%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	1.0%	85 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1996	18.6%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	17.3%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	1.3%	62 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1997	18.8%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	17.6%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	1.2%	64 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1998	22.9%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	20.5%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	2.4%	33 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1999	21.5%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	19.5%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	2.0%	32 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2000	19.3%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	17.4%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	2.0%	43 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2001	19.6%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	18.3%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	1.4%	60 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2002	19.7%	143 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	18.0%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	1.7%	45 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	74.7 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2003	19.5%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	18.3%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	1.2%	57 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2004	19.9%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	19.2%	138 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	0.7%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2005	20.2%	140 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	19.3%	140 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	0.9%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2006	22.2%	126 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	39.3 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	20.5%	137 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	1.8%	49 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2007	26.5%	83 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	23.7%	102 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	2.8%	39 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2008	27.3%	87 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	58.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	22.8%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	4.5%	22 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2009	31.7%	37 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	82.7 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	25.8%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	6.0%	8 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2010	30.9%	40 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	24.4%	75 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	6.5%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2011	26.8%	65 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	69.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	22.4%	101 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	4.4%	22 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2012	26.5%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	22.1%	109 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	4.4%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2013	26.3%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	23.4%	94 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.3 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	2.9%	24 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2014	28.5%	53 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	24.9%	73 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	3.7%	17 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2015	32.4%	30 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	29.2%	39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	3.2%	18 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2016	28.1%	52 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	25.8%	62 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	2.3%	22 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2017	25.5%	74 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	24.2%	76 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	1.3%	56 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2018	22.4%	115 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	21.5%	111 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	0.9%	81 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2019	25.6%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	22.5%	102 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	3.1%	26 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	85.5 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2020	23.3%	92 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	24.4%	73 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-1.1%	150 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	13.4 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2021	26.3%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	23.5%	85 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.6 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	2.8%	36 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2022	26.5%	77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	24.3%	74 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	2.2%	58 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2023	29.8%	42 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.3 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	27.9%	41 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	1.9%	41 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	76.2 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2024	31.7%	26 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	30.6%	25 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	1.0%	51 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Asia33.8%2024

Western Asia26.5%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Saudi Arabia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Saudi ArabiaWestern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

72.4% → 71.7%

Percentage-point change: -0.7 pp

Integration1990–2010

71.7% → 82.5%

Percentage-point change: +10.8 pp

Current era2010–2024

82.5% → 56.4%

Percentage-point change: -26.1 pp

Exports29.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports27.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports2.4%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness56.4%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Saudi Arabia	1970	50.8%	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	+39.5 pp vs world	21.6%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world	29.2%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+29.2 pp vs world	72.4%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+49.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1971	54.0%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+42.5 pp vs world	17.9%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	36.1%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+36.0 pp vs world	71.9%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+49.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1972	61.6%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+49.8 pp vs world	18.3%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	43.3%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+43.1 pp vs world	79.9%	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+56.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1973	99.7%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+86.5 pp vs world	20.9%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	78.8%	1 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+78.5 pp vs world	120.6%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+94.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1974	62.9%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	+46.8 pp vs world	13.2%	162 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	49.7%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+49.7 pp vs world	76.1%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+44.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1975	73.3%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+58.1 pp vs world	21.7%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	51.6%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+51.6 pp vs world	95.1%	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	+64.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1976	59.7%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+44.0 pp vs world	24.3%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	35.5%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+35.6 pp vs world	84.0%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+52.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1977	57.4%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+41.6 pp vs world	32.6%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+16.5 pp vs world	24.9%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+25.2 pp vs world	90.0%	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+58.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1978	49.3%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+33.8 pp vs world	41.6%	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	+25.8 pp vs world	7.7%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	90.9%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+59.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1979	54.9%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+38.0 pp vs world	34.2%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+17.1 pp vs world	20.6%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+20.9 pp vs world	89.1%	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+55.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1980	63.5%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+45.2 pp vs world	27.3%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	36.2%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+36.5 pp vs world	90.8%	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+53.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1981	62.8%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+44.8 pp vs world	30.1%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	32.7%	3 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.9 / 100	+33.1 pp vs world	92.9%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+56.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1982	50.7%	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+33.8 pp vs world	39.1%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	+21.7 pp vs world	11.6%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	89.9%	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+55.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1983	38.5%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+22.0 pp vs world	47.7%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+30.9 pp vs world	-9.2%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	86.1%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+52.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1984	34.5%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+17.6 pp vs world	45.2%	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	+28.1 pp vs world	-10.7%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	79.7%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+45.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1985	30.1%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world	36.6%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+20.0 pp vs world	-6.6%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	66.7%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+33.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1986	26.7%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	35.8%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world	-9.1%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	62.5%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+30.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1987	30.9%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	37.1%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+20.5 pp vs world	-6.3%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	68.0%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+34.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1988	31.3%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	35.2%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+18.0 pp vs world	-3.9%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	66.5%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+32.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1989	33.7%	74 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	+16.3 pp vs world	38.1%	76 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+20.3 pp vs world	-4.3%	101 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	71.8%	76 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+36.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1990	40.3%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+21.4 pp vs world	31.4%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	9.0%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	71.7%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+33.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1991	38.3%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world	36.4%	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+17.7 pp vs world	1.9%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	74.7%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+37.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1992	39.1%	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+19.3 pp vs world	36.0%	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+16.6 pp vs world	3.1%	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	75.1%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	+35.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1993	34.4%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world	33.5%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	0.9%	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	67.8%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+30.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1994	34.0%	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	+14.6 pp vs world	26.1%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	7.9%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	60.1%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	+21.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1995	37.3%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+16.7 pp vs world	27.7%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	9.6%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	65.0%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	+24.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1996	40.0%	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	+18.9 pp vs world	26.6%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	13.4%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	66.7%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+24.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1997	39.2%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+17.2 pp vs world	26.0%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	13.1%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	65.2%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+21.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1998	29.6%	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	26.5%	157 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	3.2%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	56.1%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1999	34.7%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	23.2%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	11.5%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	57.8%	136 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2000	43.4%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+19.8 pp vs world	24.8%	166 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	18.6%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+18.5 pp vs world	68.2%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+21.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2001	39.6%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+16.7 pp vs world	23.9%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	15.7%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	63.6%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	+17.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2002	40.9%	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+17.8 pp vs world	23.6%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	17.3%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+17.1 pp vs world	64.6%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	+18.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2003	45.9%	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+21.9 pp vs world	24.0%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	21.9%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+21.7 pp vs world	69.8%	118 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+22.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2004	51.0%	60 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+25.2 pp vs world	24.1%	177 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	26.9%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+26.6 pp vs world	75.1%	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	+23.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2005	57.1%	50 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	+30.0 pp vs world	24.9%	174 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	32.1%	8 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+31.7 pp vs world	82.0%	105 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	+28.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2006	59.8%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+31.1 pp vs world	30.1%	154 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	29.7%	10 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+29.1 pp vs world	89.9%	86 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+33.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2007	59.9%	44 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.2 / 100	+30.4 pp vs world	34.9%	138 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	25.0%	16 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+24.3 pp vs world	94.9%	84 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	+36.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2008	62.1%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+31.1 pp vs world	34.0%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	28.1%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+27.4 pp vs world	96.1%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+34.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2009	47.1%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+20.8 pp vs world	37.8%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	9.3%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	84.9%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+33.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2010	49.6%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+21.0 pp vs world	33.0%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	16.6%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	82.5%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+26.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2011	55.3%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+24.9 pp vs world	29.1%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	26.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+25.3 pp vs world	84.4%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+24.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2012	53.1%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+23.0 pp vs world	28.6%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	24.5%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+23.5 pp vs world	81.7%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+22.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2013	50.4%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+20.3 pp vs world	29.9%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	20.5%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+19.5 pp vs world	80.3%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	+21.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2014	45.1%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+15.4 pp vs world	32.9%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	12.2%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world	78.0%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	+19.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2015	31.4%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	35.7%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	-4.2%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	67.1%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2016	29.1%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	28.8%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	0.4%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	57.9%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2017	32.4%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	27.2%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	5.2%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	59.5%	142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2018	35.5%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	23.6%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	11.9%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	59.1%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2019	32.2%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	24.6%	180 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	7.5%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	56.8%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2020	23.8%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	23.7%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	0.1%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	47.5%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2021	29.2%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	21.7%	189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.0 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	7.4%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	50.9%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2022	36.0%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	20.8%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	15.1%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	56.8%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2023	30.8%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	25.0%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	5.7%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	55.8%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2024	29.4%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	27.0%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	2.4%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	56.4%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Asia60.3%2024

Western Asia82.0%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Mining, manufacturing and utilities is the largest current activity at 39.7%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing2.7%

1970–1990+1.5 pp1990–2010-3.1 pp2010–2024+0.0 pp

World specialization: 0.62×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities39.7%

1970–1990-12.5 pp1990–2010+11.0 pp2010–2024-14.3 pp

World specialization: 1.88×

Construction8.2%

1970–1990+2.8 pp1990–2010-1.8 pp2010–2024+3.7 pp

World specialization: 1.41×

Trade, restaurants and hotels12.2%

1970–1990+1.4 pp1990–2010+2.6 pp2010–2024+3.7 pp

World specialization: 0.85×

Transport, storage and communication6.1%

1970–1990-0.1 pp1990–2010+0.7 pp2010–2024+0.9 pp

World specialization: 0.62×

Other activities31.2%

1970–1990+6.8 pp1990–2010-9.5 pp2010–2024+6.1 pp

World specialization: 0.70×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

55.5% → 43.1%

Percentage-point change: -12.5 pp

Integration1990–2010

43.1% → 54.0%

Percentage-point change: +11.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

54.0% → 39.7%

Percentage-point change: -14.3 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.62×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities1.88×

Construction1.41×

Trade, restaurants and hotels0.85×

Transport, storage and communication0.62×

Other activities0.70×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Saudi Arabia	1970	4.3%	151 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	14.3 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	55.5%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+24.7 pp vs world	3.4%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	4.5%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	4.5%	135 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	27.8%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1971	3.3%	155 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	63.2%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+32.7 pp vs world	2.9%	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	3.6%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	3.9%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	23.1%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1972	2.8%	156 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	64.9%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+34.4 pp vs world	3.1%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	3.5%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	3.7%	149 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	21.9%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1973	2.2%	162 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	66.7%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+35.9 pp vs world	3.6%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	3.6%	176 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	3.5%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	20.3%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1974	0.8%	167 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	80.6%	3 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.9 / 100	+48.9 pp vs world	2.7%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	2.0%	176 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	1.3%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	12.6%	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	-18.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1975	0.9%	166 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	65.7%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+35.0 pp vs world	6.3%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	3.1%	176 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	1.6%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	22.5%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1976	0.8%	167 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	62.6%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+31.7 pp vs world	8.1%	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	3.3%	176 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	2.0%	166 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	23.2%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1977	1.2%	165 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	57.8%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+27.1 pp vs world	9.4%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	3.9%	176 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	2.6%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	25.1%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1978	1.5%	163 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	50.0%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+19.5 pp vs world	10.3%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	4.7%	175 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	3.4%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	30.1%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1979	1.2%	164 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	56.2%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+25.3 pp vs world	8.8%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	4.3%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	3.1%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	26.4%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1980	1.0%	165 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	64.2%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+33.0 pp vs world	7.4%	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	3.8%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	2.4%	163 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	21.3%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1981	1.0%	164 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	63.0%	3 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.9 / 100	+32.4 pp vs world	7.8%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	4.1%	175 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world	2.5%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	21.7%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1982	1.6%	161 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	50.6%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+20.8 pp vs world	9.2%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	5.4%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	3.3%	160 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	29.9%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1983	2.1%	157 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	10.9 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	39.5%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	9.9%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	6.6%	167 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	4.1%	152 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	37.8%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1984	2.7%	151 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	14.3 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	37.1%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	9.0%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	7.0%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	4.4%	143 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	39.7%	42 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.8 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1985	3.6%	144 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	18.3 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	32.7%	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	8.6%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	7.9%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	5.0%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	42.2%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1986	4.9%	130 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	28.7%	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	8.8%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	8.7%	156 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	5.5%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	43.4%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1987	5.7%	126 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	31.2%	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	8.6%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	8.3%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	5.4%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	40.9%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1988	6.4%	123 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	30.7%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	8.1%	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	7.8%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	5.5%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	41.6%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1989	6.4%	123 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	34.9%	23 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	7.5%	36 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	80.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	6.9%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	5.1%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	39.1%	49 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	73.0 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1990	5.7%	153 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	25.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	43.1%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+16.5 pp vs world	6.3%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	5.9%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	4.5%	172 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.2 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	34.6%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1991	5.4%	154 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	24.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	43.0%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+17.0 pp vs world	6.0%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	5.7%	196 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	4.3%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	35.6%	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1992	5.6%	150 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	45.7%	8 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+20.4 pp vs world	6.2%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	5.8%	194 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	4.4%	172 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.2 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	32.1%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1993	6.1%	143 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	41.5%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+16.8 pp vs world	6.7%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	6.2%	197 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	4.7%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	34.7%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1994	6.2%	143 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	41.0%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+16.5 pp vs world	6.9%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	6.1%	199 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	4.8%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	35.0%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1995	5.9%	140 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	31.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	42.6%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+18.1 pp vs world	6.6%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	5.9%	200 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.5 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	4.6%	178 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	34.4%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1996	5.4%	143 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	45.9%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+21.6 pp vs world	6.4%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	5.6%	203 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	1.0 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	4.2%	181 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	11.8 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	32.5%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1997	5.4%	138 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	44.8%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+20.8 pp vs world	6.1%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	5.6%	201 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	2.0 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	4.2%	184 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	33.8%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1998	6.3%	131 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	36.0 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	36.9%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+13.7 pp vs world	7.1%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	7.0%	198 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	4.9%	180 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.3 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	37.8%	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1999	5.7%	133 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	41.3%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+18.2 pp vs world	6.3%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	7.0%	197 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	4.6%	182 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	35.1%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2000	5.0%	140 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	31.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	48.6%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+25.0 pp vs world	5.6%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	6.2%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	4.1%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	30.6%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-13.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2001	5.2%	134 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	45.3%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+22.7 pp vs world	6.0%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	6.6%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	4.3%	188 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	32.6%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2002	5.1%	136 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	45.5%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+23.4 pp vs world	6.0%	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	6.7%	194 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	4.3%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	32.4%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2003	4.5%	137 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	48.9%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+26.8 pp vs world	5.6%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	6.0%	196 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	4.0%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	30.9%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2004	3.9%	143 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	51.9%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+29.3 pp vs world	5.4%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	6.4%	194 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	3.9%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	28.6%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-15.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2005	3.2%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	57.6%	9 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+34.6 pp vs world	4.6%	137 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	5.9%	196 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	3.5%	197 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	25.2%	150 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	28.0 / 100	-19.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2006	2.9%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	58.6%	9 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+35.0 pp vs world	4.5%	147 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	6.0%	199 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	3.9 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	3.5%	195 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	5.8 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	24.5%	154 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-19.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2007	2.8%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	58.5%	6 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+34.9 pp vs world	4.7%	148 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	6.7%	197 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	3.9%	195 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	5.8 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	23.5%	163 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	21.7 / 100	-20.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2008	2.3%	156 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	62.9%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+38.9 pp vs world	4.0%	170 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	6.5%	197 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	5.8 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	3.9%	198 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	20.3%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-22.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2009	2.9%	146 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	29.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	50.2%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+27.9 pp vs world	4.9%	142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	8.8%	192 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	8.2 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	5.5%	184 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	27.8%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2010	2.6%	150 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	54.0%	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+30.4 pp vs world	4.5%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	8.5%	192 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	8.2 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	5.2%	186 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	25.1%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-18.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2011	2.2%	160 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	59.2%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+34.9 pp vs world	4.4%	155 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	8.0%	193 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	4.7%	190 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	21.5%	181 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-21.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2012	2.1%	161 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	58.0%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+33.9 pp vs world	4.5%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	8.3%	192 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	8.2 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	4.7%	190 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	22.4%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-20.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2013	2.2%	159 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	54.4%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+30.7 pp vs world	5.0%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	9.2%	190 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	5.0%	186 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	24.2%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-19.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2014	2.3%	156 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	51.0%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+27.7 pp vs world	5.7%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	10.1%	186 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	5.3%	184 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	25.6%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-17.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2015	2.8%	148 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	38.3%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+16.0 pp vs world	6.9%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	12.2%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	6.5%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	33.4%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2016	2.9%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	36.4%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	6.7%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	12.2%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	6.8%	163 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	34.9%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2017	2.9%	147 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	39.2%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+17.2 pp vs world	6.2%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	11.7%	173 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.3 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	6.7%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	33.4%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2018	2.5%	148 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	45.0%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+22.5 pp vs world	5.4%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	10.2%	191 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	8.7 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	5.8%	178 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	31.1%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2019	2.5%	151 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	41.3%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+19.6 pp vs world	5.9%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	11.2%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	6.3%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	32.8%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2020	3.1%	144 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	33.4%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	6.7%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	12.0%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	6.4%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	38.4%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2021	2.6%	150 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	42.7%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+20.4 pp vs world	6.2%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	11.2%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	5.7%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	31.6%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2022	2.3%	152 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	48.9%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+26.1 pp vs world	6.8%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	10.0%	182 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.4 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	5.2%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	26.7%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-16.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2023	2.6%	150 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	42.5%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+20.8 pp vs world	7.8%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	11.6%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	5.9%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	29.6%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-14.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2024	2.7%	152 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	39.7%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+18.6 pp vs world	8.2%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	12.2%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	6.1%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	31.2%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-13.3 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 17.0% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Saudi Arabia was 1.4 percentage points above the world value.

Latest share: 17.0%
World specialization: 1.09×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

8.3% → 8.4%

Percentage-point change: +0.1 pp

Integration1990–2010

8.4% → 10.9%

Percentage-point change: +2.5 pp

Current era2010–2024

10.9% → 17.0%

Percentage-point change: +6.1 pp

Share of total GVA17.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity42.9%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth5.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing1.2%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Saudi Arabia	1970	8.3%	123 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	-17.6 pp vs world	15.0%	167 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-69.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.1%	60 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1971	6.9%	135 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-18.7 pp vs world	10.8%	170 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-72.9 pp vs world	2.0%	136 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	0.1%	58 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	67.4 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1972	6.0%	138 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	21.7 / 100	-19.5 pp vs world	9.3%	171 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-74.4 pp vs world	5.5%	86 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	0.1%	59 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.9 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1973	5.3%	144 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	18.3 / 100	-20.3 pp vs world	7.9%	170 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-75.1 pp vs world	8.3%	73 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	0.1%	58 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	67.4 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1974	4.9%	143 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	18.9 / 100	-20.3 pp vs world	6.0%	170 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-73.2 pp vs world	8.4%	50 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.0 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	0.2%	42 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1975	5.0%	145 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-19.2 pp vs world	7.6%	170 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-71.5 pp vs world	-5.1%	143 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	18.9 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	0.1%	41 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1976	4.6%	145 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-19.7 pp vs world	7.3%	172 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-71.5 pp vs world	10.1%	50 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.0 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	0.2%	41 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1977	4.2%	149 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	15.4 / 100	-19.9 pp vs world	7.3%	172 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-71.1 pp vs world	7.3%	59 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	0.2%	41 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1978	4.5%	146 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-19.6 pp vs world	8.9%	171 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-70.1 pp vs world	8.1%	59 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.9 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	0.2%	39 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1979	5.0%	144 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-18.8 pp vs world	8.8%	171 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-68.3 pp vs world	9.4%	49 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	0.2%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1980	4.0%	152 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-18.9 pp vs world	6.2%	172 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-67.4 pp vs world	4.8%	78 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	0.2%	35 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1981	4.8%	147 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-17.7 pp vs world	7.5%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-65.9 pp vs world	7.9%	49 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	0.3%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1982	4.8%	151 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-17.3 pp vs world	9.5%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-64.6 pp vs world	8.4%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	0.3%	35 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1983	6.2%	143 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-15.5 pp vs world	15.7%	170 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-58.3 pp vs world	7.9%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	0.3%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1984	7.6%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world	20.6%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-54.1 pp vs world	11.1%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	0.3%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1985	7.9%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	24.0%	163 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-51.5 pp vs world	9.9%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	0.3%	32 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1986	7.6%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world	26.4%	165 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-52.9 pp vs world	1.2%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	0.2%	39 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1987	8.9%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world	28.5%	161 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-50.9 pp vs world	-0.1%	144 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	0.2%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1988	9.1%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-12.7 pp vs world	29.5%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-50.6 pp vs world	3.6%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	0.2%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1989	8.6%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world	24.8%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-55.0 pp vs world	0.3%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	0.2%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1990	8.4%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	19.6%	195 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-58.8 pp vs world	4.3%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	0.2%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1991	8.4%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	19.5%	196 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	4.4 / 100	-59.2 pp vs world	0.4%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	0.2%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1992	8.9%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	19.5%	193 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-58.8 pp vs world	3.7%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	0.2%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1993	9.0%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	21.6%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-55.8 pp vs world	3.9%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	0.2%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1994	9.2%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	22.4%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-55.8 pp vs world	5.2%	71 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	0.2%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1995	9.4%	131 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.3 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	22.1%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-55.9 pp vs world	7.4%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	0.2%	41 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1996	9.6%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	21.0%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-55.5 pp vs world	14.3%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	0.3%	41 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1997	9.9%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	22.1%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-53.9 pp vs world	4.5%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	0.3%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1998	10.4%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	28.1%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-48.7 pp vs world	1.6%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.3%	41 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	1999	10.1%	131 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.3 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	24.5%	188 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-51.5 pp vs world	4.0%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	0.3%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2000	9.4%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	19.3%	189 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-54.6 pp vs world	4.9%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.3%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2001	9.7%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	21.4%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-51.2 pp vs world	4.3%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	0.3%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2002	10.0%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	21.9%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-50.2 pp vs world	3.6%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	0.4%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2003	10.4%	124 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	21.3%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-50.2 pp vs world	7.8%	61 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	0.4%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2004	10.2%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	19.7%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-56.9 pp vs world	13.9%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	0.4%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2005	9.4%	134 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	35.7 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	16.4%	192 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100	-57.6 pp vs world	7.2%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	0.4%	35 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2006	9.5%	131 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	37.2 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	16.2%	195 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-56.3 pp vs world	8.7%	58 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	0.4%	34 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2007	9.8%	126 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	39.6 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	16.8%	194 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-55.6 pp vs world	8.4%	52 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	75.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	0.4%	33 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	84.5 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2008	8.9%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	14.1%	199 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-55.8 pp vs world	9.5%	31 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	85.5 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	0.4%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2009	10.7%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	21.4%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-51.2 pp vs world	2.0%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	0.5%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2010	10.9%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	20.2%	195 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-50.6 pp vs world	8.1%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	0.5%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2011	10.0%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	16.9%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-52.4 pp vs world	13.5%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	0.6%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2012	9.8%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	17.0%	198 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.7 / 100	-52.6 pp vs world	2.6%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	0.6%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2013	10.1%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	18.5%	194 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100	-51.4 pp vs world	5.1%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	0.6%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2014	11.1%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	21.7%	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-50.1 pp vs world	10.7%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	0.7%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2015	13.2%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	34.5%	181 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-41.7 pp vs world	8.9%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2016	13.7%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	37.6%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-39.8 pp vs world	3.9%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2017	13.5%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	34.5%	181 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-41.6 pp vs world	1.8%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2018	13.0%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	28.8%	184 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-46.2 pp vs world	0.6%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2019	13.2%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	32.1%	180 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-43.5 pp vs world	2.8%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2020	14.0%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	41.8%	156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.8 / 100	-35.8 pp vs world	-4.6%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2021	15.0%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	35.1%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-40.3 pp vs world	12.8%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	0.9%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2022	15.8%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	32.3%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-39.6 pp vs world	11.2%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	1.2%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2023	16.8%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	39.4%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-34.0 pp vs world	0.2%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Saudi Arabia	2024	17.0%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	42.9%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-31.2 pp vs world	5.0%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	1.2%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Asia0.79×

Western Asia1.22×

World1.09×

Saudi Arabia Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure