Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$914.70B2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 21 of 210

Real GDP growth2.9%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$23,7342024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP0.8%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity38.7%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing17.3%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap +1.7 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Poland	1970	$28.28B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$869	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	93.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1971	$31.31B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	7.4%	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	$955	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	95.4 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1972	$34.61B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	4.7%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$1,048	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	92.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1973	$40.97B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	4.2%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	$1,229	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	91.2 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1974	$45.98B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	7.1%	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	$1,367	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	91.2 (world = 100)	0.8%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1975	$48.95B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	5.9%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	$1,441	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	87.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1976	$54.58B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	7.9%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	$1,591	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	91.1 (world = 100)	0.8%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1977	$60.53B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	7.1%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	$1,748	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	90.4 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1978	$68.55B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	5.4%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$1,962	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	87.2 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1979	$76.74B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	3.8%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$2,177	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	85.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1980	$59.11B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-6.0%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	$1,661	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	59.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1981	$56.02B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	-10.0%	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	$1,560	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	55.7 (world = 100)	0.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1982	$68.05B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-4.8%	161 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	$1,878	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	68.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1983	$78.72B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.6%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	$2,152	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	78.3 (world = 100)	0.6%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1984	$78.83B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.6%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$2,136	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	76.9 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1985	$73.33B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	3.6%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$1,971	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	70.4 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1986	$76.34B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	4.2%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$2,038	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	64.3 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1987	$66.02B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	2.0%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	$1,753	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	49.8 (world = 100)	0.4%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1988	$71.09B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	4.1%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	$1,880	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	48.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1989	$84.93B	28 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.2%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	$2,239	81 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	56.3 (world = 100)	0.4%	28 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1990	$66.30B	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	-1.5%	148 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	17.4 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	$1,742	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	40.2 (world = 100)	0.3%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Poland	1991	$85.98B	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	-7.0%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	$2,254	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	50.3 (world = 100)	0.4%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1992	$94.83B	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	2.5%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$2,480	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	52.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1993	$96.68B	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	3.7%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	$2,525	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	53.3 (world = 100)	0.4%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1994	$111.37B	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	5.3%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	$2,904	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	58.4 (world = 100)	0.4%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1995	$142.84B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	7.0%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	$3,723	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	68.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1996	$160.81B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	6.1%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$4,192	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	76.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1997	$159.89B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	6.4%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$4,170	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	77.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1998	$175.28B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	4.6%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	$4,573	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	86.8 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1999	$170.70B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	4.7%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	$4,458	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	82.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	2000	$172.95B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	4.7%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	$4,521	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	82.3 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	2001	$191.82B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.2%	152 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	$5,015	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	93.1 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2002	$199.69B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	1.9%	130 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.1 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$5,224	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	94.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2003	$218.56B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	3.5%	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$5,721	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	93.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2004	$256.27B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.1%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	$6,714	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	98.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2005	$307.00B	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	3.3%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$8,053	72 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	110.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2006	$345.90B	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	6.2%	80 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	$9,086	75 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.3 / 100	116.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2007	$429.72B	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	6.8%	73 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	$11,302	71 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	130.1 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2008	$535.61B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	4.4%	93 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	$14,097	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	149.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2009	$440.89B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	2.6%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	$11,602	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	131.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2010	$478.11B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	3.2%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	$12,550	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	131.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2011	$527.85B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	5.3%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	$13,815	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	131.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2012	$498.15B	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	1.5%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	$13,024	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	123.2 (world = 100)	0.7%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2013	$518.18B	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	$13,544	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	126.0 (world = 100)	0.7%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2014	$542.13B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	3.9%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	$14,168	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	130.0 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2015	$480.05B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	4.4%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	$12,545	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	123.2 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2016	$473.26B	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	3.0%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$12,369	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	120.9 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2017	$528.36B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	5.2%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	$13,811	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	128.3 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2018	$594.62B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	6.2%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	$15,549	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	137.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2019	$602.68B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	4.6%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	$15,766	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	138.9 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2020	$605.91B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	-2.0%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	$15,874	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	144.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2021	$689.17B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	6.9%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$18,117	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	145.9 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2022	$695.61B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	5.3%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	$18,122	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	141.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2023	$812.45B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.2%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	$20,960	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	158.1 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2024	$914.70B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	2.9%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$23,734	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	173.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PolandEuropeEastern EuropeWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Poland is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PolandEastern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$28.28B → $66.30B

Compound annual change: +4.4% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$66.30B → $478.11B

Compound annual change: +10.4% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$478.11B → $914.70B

Compound annual change: +4.7% CAGR

Nominal GDP$914.70B2024 · Published series · World rank 21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$703.62B2024 · Published series · World rank 21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP0.8%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Poland	1970	$28.28B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$123.01B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1971	$31.31B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$132.13B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1972	$34.61B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$138.31B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1973	$40.97B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$144.09B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1974	$45.98B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$154.34B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1975	$48.95B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$163.51B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1976	$54.58B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$176.47B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1977	$60.53B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$188.98B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1978	$68.55B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$199.18B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1979	$76.74B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$206.84B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1980	$59.11B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$194.43B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1981	$56.02B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$175.05B	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1982	$68.05B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$166.70B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1983	$78.72B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$175.98B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1984	$78.83B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$185.90B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1985	$73.33B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$192.66B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1986	$76.34B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$200.81B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1987	$66.02B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$204.74B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1988	$71.09B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$213.20B	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1989	$84.93B	28 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$213.54B	23 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.4%	28 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1990	$66.30B	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$210.40B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.3%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Poland	1991	$85.98B	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$195.64B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1992	$94.83B	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$200.56B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1993	$96.68B	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$208.05B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1994	$111.37B	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$219.06B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1995	$142.84B	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$234.29B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1996	$160.81B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$248.57B	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1997	$159.89B	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$264.38B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1998	$175.28B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$276.60B	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1999	$170.70B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$289.59B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	2000	$172.95B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$303.08B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	2001	$191.82B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$306.82B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2002	$199.69B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$312.65B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2003	$218.56B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$323.67B	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2004	$256.27B	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$340.14B	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2005	$307.00B	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$351.24B	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2006	$345.90B	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$373.02B	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2007	$429.72B	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$398.24B	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2008	$535.61B	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$415.70B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2009	$440.89B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$426.57B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2010	$478.11B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$440.08B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2011	$527.85B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$463.21B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2012	$498.15B	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$470.22B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2013	$518.18B	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$473.43B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2014	$542.13B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$491.99B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2015	$480.05B	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$513.80B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2016	$473.26B	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$529.37B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.6%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2017	$528.36B	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$556.65B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.6%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2018	$594.62B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$591.41B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2019	$602.68B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$618.50B	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2020	$605.91B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$605.91B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2021	$689.17B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$647.89B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2022	$695.61B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$681.94B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2023	$812.45B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$683.64B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2024	$914.70B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$703.62B	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Europe$27.20T2024

Eastern Europe$4.58T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Poland is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PolandEastern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$869 → $1,742

Compound annual change: +3.5% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$1,742 → $12,550

Compound annual change: +10.4% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$12,550 → $23,734

Compound annual change: +4.7% CAGR

GDP per person$23,7342024 · Published series · World rank 63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$18,2572024 · Published series · World rank 65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Poland	1970	$869	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	93.6 (world = 100)	$3,780	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	72.8 (world = 100)
Poland	1971	$955	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	95.4 (world = 100)	$4,032	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	76.1 (world = 100)
Poland	1972	$1,048	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	92.7 (world = 100)	$4,186	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	76.5 (world = 100)
Poland	1973	$1,229	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	91.2 (world = 100)	$4,323	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	75.7 (world = 100)
Poland	1974	$1,367	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	91.2 (world = 100)	$4,588	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	80.1 (world = 100)
Poland	1975	$1,441	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	87.6 (world = 100)	$4,814	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	85.0 (world = 100)
Poland	1976	$1,591	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	91.1 (world = 100)	$5,145	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	87.9 (world = 100)
Poland	1977	$1,748	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	90.4 (world = 100)	$5,457	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	91.1 (world = 100)
Poland	1978	$1,962	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	87.2 (world = 100)	$5,702	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	92.8 (world = 100)
Poland	1979	$2,177	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	85.5 (world = 100)	$5,868	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	93.4 (world = 100)
Poland	1980	$1,661	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	59.5 (world = 100)	$5,465	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	86.9 (world = 100)
Poland	1981	$1,560	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	55.7 (world = 100)	$4,876	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	77.4 (world = 100)
Poland	1982	$1,878	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	68.8 (world = 100)	$4,601	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	74.1 (world = 100)
Poland	1983	$2,152	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	78.3 (world = 100)	$4,812	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	76.7 (world = 100)
Poland	1984	$2,136	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	76.9 (world = 100)	$5,037	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	78.1 (world = 100)
Poland	1985	$1,971	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	70.4 (world = 100)	$5,179	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	79.0 (world = 100)
Poland	1986	$2,038	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	64.3 (world = 100)	$5,362	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	80.7 (world = 100)
Poland	1987	$1,753	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	49.8 (world = 100)	$5,436	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	80.4 (world = 100)
Poland	1988	$1,880	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	48.6 (world = 100)	$5,637	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	81.2 (world = 100)
Poland	1989	$2,239	81 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	56.3 (world = 100)	$5,629	75 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	79.6 (world = 100)
Poland	1990	$1,742	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	40.2 (world = 100)	$5,529	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	77.2 (world = 100)
Poland	1991	$2,254	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	50.3 (world = 100)	$5,128	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	72.0 (world = 100)
Poland	1992	$2,480	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	52.6 (world = 100)	$5,246	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	73.3 (world = 100)
Poland	1993	$2,525	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	53.3 (world = 100)	$5,433	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	75.8 (world = 100)
Poland	1994	$2,904	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	58.4 (world = 100)	$5,713	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	78.3 (world = 100)
Poland	1995	$3,723	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	68.5 (world = 100)	$6,107	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	82.4 (world = 100)
Poland	1996	$4,192	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	76.5 (world = 100)	$6,480	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	85.7 (world = 100)
Poland	1997	$4,170	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	77.6 (world = 100)	$6,894	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	89.0 (world = 100)
Poland	1998	$4,573	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	86.8 (world = 100)	$7,217	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	91.8 (world = 100)
Poland	1999	$4,458	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	82.5 (world = 100)	$7,564	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	94.2 (world = 100)
Poland	2000	$4,521	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	82.3 (world = 100)	$7,922	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	95.7 (world = 100)
Poland	2001	$5,015	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	93.1 (world = 100)	$8,022	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	96.2 (world = 100)
Poland	2002	$5,224	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	94.5 (world = 100)	$8,178	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	97.3 (world = 100)
Poland	2003	$5,721	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	93.4 (world = 100)	$8,472	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	99.1 (world = 100)
Poland	2004	$6,714	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	98.6 (world = 100)	$8,912	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	101.1 (world = 100)
Poland	2005	$8,053	72 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	110.5 (world = 100)	$9,213	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	101.8 (world = 100)
Poland	2006	$9,086	75 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.3 / 100	116.5 (world = 100)	$9,798	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	105.0 (world = 100)
Poland	2007	$11,302	71 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	130.1 (world = 100)	$10,474	75 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.3 / 100	109.0 (world = 100)
Poland	2008	$14,097	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	149.7 (world = 100)	$10,941	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	113.0 (world = 100)
Poland	2009	$11,602	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	131.5 (world = 100)	$11,225	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	119.2 (world = 100)
Poland	2010	$12,550	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	131.6 (world = 100)	$11,552	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	118.9 (world = 100)
Poland	2011	$13,815	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	131.8 (world = 100)	$12,123	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	122.4 (world = 100)
Poland	2012	$13,024	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	123.2 (world = 100)	$12,294	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	122.3 (world = 100)
Poland	2013	$13,544	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	126.0 (world = 100)	$12,374	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	121.3 (world = 100)
Poland	2014	$14,168	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	130.0 (world = 100)	$12,857	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	123.8 (world = 100)
Poland	2015	$12,545	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	123.2 (world = 100)	$13,427	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	126.8 (world = 100)
Poland	2016	$12,369	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	120.9 (world = 100)	$13,835	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	128.7 (world = 100)
Poland	2017	$13,811	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	128.3 (world = 100)	$14,551	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	132.4 (world = 100)
Poland	2018	$15,549	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	137.5 (world = 100)	$15,465	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	137.7 (world = 100)
Poland	2019	$15,766	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	138.9 (world = 100)	$16,180	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	141.9 (world = 100)
Poland	2020	$15,874	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	144.8 (world = 100)	$15,874	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	144.8 (world = 100)
Poland	2021	$18,117	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	145.9 (world = 100)	$17,032	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	147.3 (world = 100)
Poland	2022	$18,122	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	141.5 (world = 100)	$17,765	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	149.9 (world = 100)
Poland	2023	$20,960	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	158.1 (world = 100)	$17,636	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	145.9 (world = 100)
Poland	2024	$23,734	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	173.6 (world = 100)	$18,257	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	148.1 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Europe$36,4082024

Eastern Europe$16,0662024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Poland is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PolandEastern EuropeEuropeWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

7.4% → -1.5%

Average annual rate: +2.8%

Integration1990–2010

-1.5% → 3.2%

Average annual rate: +3.6%

Current era2010–2024

3.2% → 2.9%

Average annual rate: +3.4%

Real GDP growth2.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth3.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator132.72024 · Published series · World rank 58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Poland	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.0	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100
Poland	1971	7.4%	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	6.7%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	0.0	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100
Poland	1972	4.7%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	3.8%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	0.0	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100
Poland	1973	4.2%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	3.3%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	0.0	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100
Poland	1974	7.1%	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	6.1%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	0.0	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100
Poland	1975	5.9%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	4.9%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	0.0	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100
Poland	1976	7.9%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	6.9%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	0.0	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100
Poland	1977	7.1%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	6.1%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	0.0	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100
Poland	1978	5.4%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	4.5%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	0.0	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100
Poland	1979	3.8%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	2.9%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	0.0	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100
Poland	1980	-6.0%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	-6.9%	159 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	0.0	160 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100
Poland	1981	-10.0%	171 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	-10.8%	169 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	0.0	158 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100
Poland	1982	-4.8%	161 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	-5.6%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	0.1	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100
Poland	1983	5.6%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	4.6%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	0.1	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100
Poland	1984	5.6%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	4.7%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	0.1	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100
Poland	1985	3.6%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	2.8%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.1	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100
Poland	1986	4.2%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	3.5%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	0.2	158 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.3 / 100
Poland	1987	2.0%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	1.4%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	0.2	159 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100
Poland	1988	4.1%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	3.7%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.4	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100
Poland	1989	0.2%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	-0.2%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	1.5	155 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	13.5 / 100
Poland	1990	-1.5%	148 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	17.4 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	-1.8%	132 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	7.7	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100
Poland	1991	-7.0%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	-7.3%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	11.9	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100
Poland	1992	2.5%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	2.3%	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	16.5	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100
Poland	1993	3.7%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	3.6%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	21.6	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100
Poland	1994	5.3%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	5.2%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	29.6	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100
Poland	1995	7.0%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	6.9%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	37.9	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100
Poland	1996	6.1%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	6.1%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	44.7	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100
Poland	1997	6.4%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	6.4%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	50.9	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100
Poland	1998	4.6%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	4.7%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	56.5	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100
Poland	1999	4.7%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	4.8%	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	60.0	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100
Poland	2000	4.7%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	4.7%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	63.6	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100
Poland	2001	1.2%	152 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	1.3%	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	65.6	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100
Poland	2002	1.9%	130 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.1 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	1.9%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	66.8	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100
Poland	2003	3.5%	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	3.6%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	67.3	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100
Poland	2004	5.1%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	5.2%	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	70.7	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100
Poland	2005	3.3%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	3.4%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	72.5	74 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100
Poland	2006	6.2%	80 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	6.4%	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	73.8	79 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100
Poland	2007	6.8%	73 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	6.9%	54 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	76.6	85 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	59.4 / 100
Poland	2008	4.4%	93 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	4.5%	63 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	70.0 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	79.6	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100
Poland	2009	2.6%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	2.6%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	82.7	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100
Poland	2010	3.2%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	2.9%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	84.0	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100
Poland	2011	5.3%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	4.9%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	86.6	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100
Poland	2012	1.5%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	1.4%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	88.5	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100
Poland	2013	0.7%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	0.7%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	88.7	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100
Poland	2014	3.9%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	3.9%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	89.1	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100
Poland	2015	4.4%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	4.4%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	90.3	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100
Poland	2016	3.0%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.0%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	90.4	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100
Poland	2017	5.2%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	5.2%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	92.0	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100
Poland	2018	6.2%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	6.3%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	93.1	143 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.1 / 100
Poland	2019	4.6%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	4.6%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	95.9	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100
Poland	2020	-2.0%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	-1.9%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Poland	2021	6.9%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	7.3%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	105.3	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100
Poland	2022	5.3%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	4.3%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	116.6	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100
Poland	2023	0.2%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	-0.7%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	128.1	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100
Poland	2024	2.9%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	3.5%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	132.7	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Europe1.3%2024

Eastern Europe3.1%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Poland is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PolandEastern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

82.7% → 67.9%

Percentage-point change: -14.8 pp

Integration1990–2010

67.9% → 81.6%

Percentage-point change: +13.7 pp

Current era2010–2024

81.6% → 78.3%

Percentage-point change: -3.2 pp

Final consumption78.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption57.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption20.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 56 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand96.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 153 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Poland	1970	82.7%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	62.9%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	19.7%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	103.1%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Poland	1971	82.9%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	63.1%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	19.8%	44 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	103.2%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Poland	1972	82.8%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	63.1%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	19.8%	45 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	103.2%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world
Poland	1973	82.7%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	63.0%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	19.7%	48 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	103.1%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world
Poland	1974	82.5%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world	62.8%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	19.7%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	103.0%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Poland	1975	82.5%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	62.8%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	19.7%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	103.2%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Poland	1976	83.8%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	63.9%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	19.9%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	103.6%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Poland	1977	82.6%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	63.0%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	19.6%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	103.0%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Poland	1978	82.1%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	62.5%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	19.7%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	102.6%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world
Poland	1979	81.6%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	61.8%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	19.8%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	102.3%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Poland	1980	82.3%	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	62.7%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	19.6%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	104.3%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
Poland	1981	90.4%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+17.0 pp vs world	69.6%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	20.9%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	105.8%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world
Poland	1982	76.7%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	58.4%	124 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	18.3%	82 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	100.0%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Poland	1983	79.7%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	60.0%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	19.7%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	100.6%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Poland	1984	78.7%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	58.1%	117 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	20.6%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	100.7%	110 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Poland	1985	77.6%	110 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	38.4 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	56.4%	123 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	21.2%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	100.9%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Poland	1986	76.9%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	56.1%	125 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	20.8%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	101.2%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Poland	1987	75.5%	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	55.2%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	20.3%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	99.8%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Poland	1988	71.5%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	52.7%	143 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	18.7%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	98.9%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Poland	1989	63.2%	163 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	9.0 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	46.9%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	16.3%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	95.6%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world
Poland	1990	67.9%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	46.9%	184 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	10.3 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	21.0%	60 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.1 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	93.7%	177 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world
Poland	1991	82.7%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	58.2%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	24.5%	41 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	102.8%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world
Poland	1992	83.8%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	60.5%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	23.2%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	99.1%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Poland	1993	83.7%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	61.9%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	21.9%	52 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	99.4%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Poland	1994	80.2%	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	61.4%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	18.8%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	98.0%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
Poland	1995	78.0%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	59.2%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	18.8%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	97.8%	152 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Poland	1996	79.6%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	61.1%	124 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	18.4%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	101.4%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Poland	1997	80.1%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	62.1%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	18.0%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	103.9%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world
Poland	1998	79.6%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	62.0%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	17.6%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	104.8%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world
Poland	1999	80.4%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	62.6%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	17.8%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	105.9%	88 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world
Poland	2000	81.8%	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	63.8%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	18.0%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	106.5%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world
Poland	2001	83.1%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	64.6%	107 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	18.6%	71 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	103.8%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world
Poland	2002	85.0%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	66.4%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	18.6%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	103.6%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world
Poland	2003	83.8%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	65.0%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	18.8%	62 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	102.7%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world
Poland	2004	82.4%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	64.1%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	18.2%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	102.9%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
Poland	2005	81.2%	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	62.9%	114 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	18.3%	60 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	71.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	101.3%	123 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	40.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world
Poland	2006	80.4%	100 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	62.0%	111 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	18.5%	58 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	102.4%	114 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
Poland	2007	78.4%	112 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	60.2%	117 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	43.7 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	18.2%	57 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	72.8 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	103.8%	113 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world
Poland	2008	80.5%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	61.9%	115 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	18.6%	61 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	105.2%	109 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.1 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world
Poland	2009	80.2%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	61.5%	119 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	18.7%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	101.0%	127 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world
Poland	2010	81.6%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	62.4%	112 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	19.1%	66 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	102.4%	111 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world
Poland	2011	79.9%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	61.9%	115 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	18.1%	84 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	60.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	102.3%	113 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.2 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
Poland	2012	80.0%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	62.0%	116 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.7 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	18.0%	87 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	58.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	100.8%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world
Poland	2013	79.8%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	61.4%	120 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.8 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	18.3%	85 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	98.9%	140 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Poland	2014	78.8%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	60.5%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	18.2%	83 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	99.6%	138 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Poland	2015	77.1%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	59.2%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	17.9%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	97.9%	150 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Poland	2016	77.0%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	59.1%	132 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.0 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	17.8%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	97.1%	161 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world
Poland	2017	77.3%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	59.7%	124 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	17.6%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	97.2%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Poland	2018	76.5%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	59.1%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	17.5%	86 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	98.0%	148 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
Poland	2019	75.6%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	57.8%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	17.8%	91 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	96.4%	161 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.1 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Poland	2020	75.6%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	56.7%	140 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	18.8%	96 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	94.4%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world
Poland	2021	75.0%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	56.5%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	18.5%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	96.8%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world
Poland	2022	76.3%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	58.1%	126 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.9 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	18.1%	82 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	98.3%	147 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Poland	2023	76.6%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	57.6%	132 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	18.9%	74 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	94.3%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Poland	2024	78.3%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	57.6%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	20.8%	56 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.6 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	96.0%	153 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Europe74.5%2024

Eastern Europe73.5%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Poland is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PolandEastern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

20.4% → 25.8%

Percentage-point change: +5.4 pp

Integration1990–2010

25.8% → 20.9%

Percentage-point change: -5.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

20.9% → 17.7%

Percentage-point change: -3.2 pp

Gross capital formation17.7%2024 · Published series · World rank 160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation16.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories0.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 62 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Poland	1970	20.4%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	21.8%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-1.4%	126 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world
Poland	1971	20.3%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	21.8%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	-1.5%	128 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	6.6 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world
Poland	1972	20.3%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	21.8%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-1.4%	122 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	11.7 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world
Poland	1973	20.4%	107 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	21.7%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	-1.3%	123 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world
Poland	1974	20.4%	115 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.2 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	21.7%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	-1.2%	125 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	9.5 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
Poland	1975	20.7%	113 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	22.3%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	-1.6%	121 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world
Poland	1976	19.8%	117 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	21.7%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	-1.9%	126 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	9.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Poland	1977	20.4%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	21.5%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	-1.1%	124 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	10.9 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world
Poland	1978	20.5%	122 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	21.4%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	-0.9%	117 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Poland	1979	20.7%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	21.4%	111 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	-0.6%	118 of 142 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world
Poland	1980	22.0%	110 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.1 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	25.3%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-3.2%	135 of 143 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world
Poland	1981	15.4%	155 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	19.1%	129 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	-3.7%	137 of 144 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world
Poland	1982	23.4%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	20.6%	113 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	2.8%	33 of 145 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Poland	1983	20.9%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	20.6%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	0.3%	73 of 146 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Poland	1984	22.0%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	21.2%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	0.8%	79 of 147 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Poland	1985	23.3%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	21.8%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	1.5%	52 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Poland	1986	24.3%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	22.5%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	1.8%	38 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	74.8 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
Poland	1987	24.3%	64 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	23.2%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	1.0%	57 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Poland	1988	27.4%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	23.2%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	4.3%	16 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world
Poland	1989	32.4%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	16.8%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	15.6%	1 of 152 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world
Poland	1990	25.8%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	19.5%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	6.3%	19 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	89.6 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world
Poland	1991	20.1%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	18.2%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	1.9%	54 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	69.0 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Poland	1992	15.3%	167 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	15.6%	159 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	-0.3%	136 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Poland	1993	15.7%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	14.8%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	0.9%	73 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Poland	1994	17.8%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	16.7%	159 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	1.1%	84 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	50.9 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Poland	1995	19.9%	135 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	17.4%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	2.5%	38 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	78.2 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world
Poland	1996	21.9%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	19.3%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	2.5%	35 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Poland	1997	23.8%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	22.1%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	1.7%	53 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	69.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Poland	1998	25.2%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	23.9%	81 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	1.4%	56 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	67.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
Poland	1999	25.5%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	24.2%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	1.3%	51 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Poland	2000	24.7%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	23.6%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	1.1%	72 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Poland	2001	20.6%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	20.4%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	0.3%	115 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world
Poland	2002	18.5%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	18.4%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	0.2%	121 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	31.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Poland	2003	18.9%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	18.1%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	0.8%	80 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Poland	2004	20.5%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	18.3%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	2.2%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Poland	2005	20.1%	142 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	18.9%	149 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	1.2%	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Poland	2006	22.0%	131 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	20.3%	138 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	1.6%	54 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	70.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Poland	2007	25.4%	95 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	22.4%	124 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	3.0%	36 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	80.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Poland	2008	24.8%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	23.0%	115 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	1.7%	71 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	60.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
Poland	2009	20.8%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	21.4%	122 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-0.6%	125 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Poland	2010	20.9%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	19.6%	145 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	30.8 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	1.2%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Poland	2011	22.3%	120 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.8 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	20.4%	131 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	2.0%	46 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	74.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Poland	2012	20.8%	131 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	19.5%	140 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	1.3%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Poland	2013	19.1%	149 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	18.9%	150 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	0.2%	111 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	37.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Poland	2014	20.8%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	20.0%	135 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	0.8%	74 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Poland	2015	20.8%	138 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	20.3%	140 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	0.5%	90 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	49.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Poland	2016	20.1%	142 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	18.4%	158 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.5 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	1.7%	34 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
Poland	2017	19.9%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	17.5%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	2.4%	28 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	84.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world
Poland	2018	21.4%	134 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	18.6%	154 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	2.9%	31 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Poland	2019	20.7%	140 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	18.7%	153 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	2.0%	39 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Poland	2020	18.8%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	18.4%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	0.4%	81 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	53.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Poland	2021	21.8%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	16.9%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	4.9%	14 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	92.4 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
Poland	2022	22.1%	132 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.0 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	16.5%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	5.6%	15 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world
Poland	2023	17.7%	163 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	17.9%	156 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	-0.2%	132 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Poland	2024	17.7%	160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	16.9%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	0.8%	62 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Europe21.8%2024

Eastern Europe23.6%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Poland is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PolandEastern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

48.9% → 45.1%

Percentage-point change: -3.8 pp

Integration1990–2010

45.1% → 82.2%

Percentage-point change: +37.1 pp

Current era2010–2024

82.2% → 100.7%

Percentage-point change: +18.4 pp

Exports52.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports48.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports4.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness100.7%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Poland	1970	22.9%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	26.0%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	-3.1%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	48.9%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	+26.4 pp vs world
Poland	1971	23.0%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	26.2%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+14.8 pp vs world	-3.1%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	49.2%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+26.3 pp vs world
Poland	1972	23.0%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	26.1%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world	-3.1%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	49.0%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	+25.6 pp vs world
Poland	1973	22.8%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	25.7%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	-3.0%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	48.5%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	+22.3 pp vs world
Poland	1974	22.5%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	25.3%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	-2.8%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	47.8%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world
Poland	1975	23.4%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	26.8%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	-3.3%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	50.2%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	+19.8 pp vs world
Poland	1976	23.4%	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	26.9%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	-3.5%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	50.3%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+18.8 pp vs world
Poland	1977	22.7%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	25.6%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	-2.9%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	48.3%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+16.4 pp vs world
Poland	1978	21.8%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	24.2%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	-2.4%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	46.0%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world
Poland	1979	21.1%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	23.0%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	-1.9%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	44.1%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world
Poland	1980	28.1%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	34.1%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	+15.5 pp vs world	-5.9%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	62.2%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	+25.3 pp vs world
Poland	1981	23.2%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	27.7%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	-4.6%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	50.9%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world
Poland	1982	19.4%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	19.0%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	0.4%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	38.5%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
Poland	1983	17.2%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	17.0%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	0.2%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	34.2%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Poland	1984	17.7%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	17.2%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	0.4%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	34.9%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Poland	1985	18.3%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	18.6%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	-0.2%	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	36.9%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world
Poland	1986	18.3%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	18.5%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	-0.1%	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	36.8%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world
Poland	1987	21.5%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	20.9%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	0.6%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	42.5%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world
Poland	1988	22.9%	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	22.0%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	0.9%	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	45.0%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world
Poland	1989	19.2%	123 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	31.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	16.4%	156 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	2.8%	42 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	35.6%	148 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	17.4 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Poland	1990	25.8%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	19.3%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	6.5%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	45.1%	147 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world
Poland	1991	21.2%	134 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	22.9%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	-1.7%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	44.1%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world
Poland	1992	21.3%	134 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	19.9%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	1.4%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	41.3%	157 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Poland	1993	20.7%	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	19.7%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	0.9%	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	40.4%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world
Poland	1994	21.3%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	19.3%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	2.0%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	40.6%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world
Poland	1995	22.9%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	20.7%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	2.2%	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	43.6%	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world
Poland	1996	22.0%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	23.4%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	-1.4%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	45.4%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world
Poland	1997	23.3%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	27.1%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	-3.9%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	50.4%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world
Poland	1998	25.9%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	30.7%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	-4.8%	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	56.5%	136 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world
Poland	1999	24.0%	134 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	29.9%	142 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.2 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	-5.9%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	53.9%	147 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world
Poland	2000	27.1%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	33.5%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	-6.5%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	60.6%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+13.6 pp vs world
Poland	2001	27.1%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	30.8%	140 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	-3.8%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	57.9%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world
Poland	2002	28.6%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	32.2%	134 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	-3.6%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	60.8%	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	+14.6 pp vs world
Poland	2003	33.2%	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	36.0%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	-2.7%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	69.2%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	+21.5 pp vs world
Poland	2004	34.1%	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	36.9%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	-2.9%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	71.0%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+19.8 pp vs world
Poland	2005	34.5%	112 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	35.8%	130 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	-1.3%	82 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	60.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	70.3%	128 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	+16.6 pp vs world
Poland	2006	37.7%	103 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	40.0%	114 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	-2.4%	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	77.7%	119 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.0 / 100	+20.9 pp vs world
Poland	2007	38.5%	100 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	42.3%	106 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	-3.8%	91 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	80.7%	114 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	+22.3 pp vs world
Poland	2008	37.7%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	42.9%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world	-5.2%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	80.6%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	+19.4 pp vs world
Poland	2009	37.0%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	38.0%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	-1.0%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	75.0%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+23.1 pp vs world
Poland	2010	39.9%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	42.3%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	-2.4%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	82.2%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+26.0 pp vs world
Poland	2011	42.3%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	44.6%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	-2.3%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	86.9%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+27.1 pp vs world
Poland	2012	44.0%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	44.8%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world	-0.8%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	88.8%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+29.5 pp vs world
Poland	2013	45.8%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world	44.7%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world	1.1%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	90.4%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+31.2 pp vs world
Poland	2014	46.2%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	+16.5 pp vs world	45.8%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+16.9 pp vs world	0.4%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	92.0%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+33.4 pp vs world
Poland	2015	47.2%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+19.0 pp vs world	45.1%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+17.6 pp vs world	2.1%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	92.3%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+36.6 pp vs world
Poland	2016	49.9%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+22.7 pp vs world	47.0%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+20.6 pp vs world	2.9%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	96.9%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+43.3 pp vs world
Poland	2017	51.7%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+23.6 pp vs world	48.9%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+21.5 pp vs world	2.8%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	100.6%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+45.1 pp vs world
Poland	2018	52.2%	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+23.1 pp vs world	50.2%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+21.9 pp vs world	2.0%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	102.4%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+45.1 pp vs world
Poland	2019	52.6%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+24.5 pp vs world	49.0%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+21.5 pp vs world	3.6%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	101.6%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+46.0 pp vs world
Poland	2020	52.4%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+26.3 pp vs world	46.8%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+21.4 pp vs world	5.6%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	99.3%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+47.8 pp vs world
Poland	2021	57.0%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+28.4 pp vs world	53.8%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+26.2 pp vs world	3.2%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	110.9%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+54.6 pp vs world
Poland	2022	62.4%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+31.4 pp vs world	60.7%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+30.6 pp vs world	1.7%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	123.0%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+62.0 pp vs world
Poland	2023	57.9%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+28.8 pp vs world	52.1%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+23.8 pp vs world	5.7%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	110.0%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+52.7 pp vs world
Poland	2024	52.3%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+23.3 pp vs world	48.3%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+20.2 pp vs world	4.0%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	100.7%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	+43.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Europe88.4%2024

Eastern Europe76.0%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 38.7%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing2.9%

1970–1990-6.9 pp1990–2010-3.5 pp2010–2024-0.4 pp

World specialization: 0.69×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities22.9%

1970–1990+0.6 pp1990–2010-16.2 pp2010–2024-2.3 pp

World specialization: 1.08×

Construction6.7%

1970–1990-0.9 pp1990–2010-1.7 pp2010–2024-1.8 pp

World specialization: 1.16×

Trade, restaurants and hotels17.1%

1970–1990+2.4 pp1990–2010+7.3 pp2010–2024-2.0 pp

World specialization: 1.18×

Transport, storage and communication11.6%

1970–1990+0.9 pp1990–2010+3.3 pp2010–2024+2.1 pp

World specialization: 1.19×

Other activities38.7%

1970–1990+3.9 pp1990–2010+10.9 pp2010–2024+4.4 pp

World specialization: 0.87×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

19.5% → 23.4%

Percentage-point change: +3.9 pp

Integration1990–2010

23.4% → 34.3%

Percentage-point change: +10.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

34.3% → 38.7%

Percentage-point change: +4.4 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.69×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities1.08×

Construction1.16×

Trade, restaurants and hotels1.18×

Transport, storage and communication1.19×

Other activities0.87×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Poland	1970	13.7%	101 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	40.9%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	11.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	9.4%	149 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	5.4%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	19.5%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-12.0 pp vs world
Poland	1971	13.7%	100 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	40.9%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	11.1%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	9.4%	149 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	5.4%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	19.5%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Poland	1972	13.7%	100 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	40.9%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	11.1%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	9.4%	151 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	5.4%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	19.5%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Poland	1973	13.7%	97 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	40.9%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	11.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	9.4%	145 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	5.4%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	19.5%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world
Poland	1974	13.7%	99 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	40.9%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	11.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	9.4%	143 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	5.4%	114 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	19.5%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world
Poland	1975	13.7%	96 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	40.9%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	11.1%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	9.4%	145 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	5.4%	115 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	19.5%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world
Poland	1976	13.7%	97 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	40.9%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	11.1%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	9.4%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	5.4%	115 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.2 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	19.5%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-13.0 pp vs world
Poland	1977	13.7%	97 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	40.9%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	11.1%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	9.4%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	5.4%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	19.5%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world
Poland	1978	13.7%	97 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	40.9%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	11.1%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	9.4%	149 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	5.4%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	19.5%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-13.5 pp vs world
Poland	1979	13.6%	90 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	49.1 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	40.9%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	11.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	9.4%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	5.4%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	19.5%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-13.6 pp vs world
Poland	1980	13.8%	86 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	40.9%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	11.1%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	9.4%	151 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	5.3%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	19.5%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world
Poland	1981	13.8%	84 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	40.8%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	11.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	9.4%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	5.4%	124 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	19.5%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world
Poland	1982	13.6%	84 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	40.9%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	11.1%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	9.5%	149 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	5.4%	126 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	19.6%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-15.7 pp vs world
Poland	1983	13.5%	86 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	41.0%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	11.1%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	9.5%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	5.4%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	19.5%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-16.3 pp vs world
Poland	1984	13.4%	90 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	49.1 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	41.1%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	11.2%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	9.4%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	5.4%	126 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	19.5%	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-16.4 pp vs world
Poland	1985	14.6%	80 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	40.4%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	11.0%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	9.4%	154 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.1 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	5.3%	125 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	19.3%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-17.3 pp vs world
Poland	1986	14.0%	87 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	50.9 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	40.5%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	11.0%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	9.5%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	5.4%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	19.6%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-18.2 pp vs world
Poland	1987	12.2%	92 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	41.6%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world	11.1%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	9.8%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	5.5%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	20.0%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-18.6 pp vs world
Poland	1988	13.3%	87 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	50.9 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	41.5%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	11.5%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	9.3%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	5.3%	133 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	19.2%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-19.4 pp vs world
Poland	1989	13.1%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	41.5%	12 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	11.4%	13 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	9.2%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	5.4%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	19.4%	149 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-19.8 pp vs world
Poland	1990	6.8%	142 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	41.5%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+14.9 pp vs world	10.2%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	11.8%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	6.3%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	23.4%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-16.2 pp vs world
Poland	1991	5.7%	152 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	37.4%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world	11.4%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	12.2%	143 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	7.0%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	26.2%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world
Poland	1992	6.2%	143 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	33.6%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	9.2%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	13.5%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	8.0%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	29.5%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world
Poland	1993	6.6%	139 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	34.0%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	8.1%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	16.1%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	8.0%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	27.2%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	-14.6 pp vs world
Poland	1994	6.3%	140 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	31.5 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	28.7%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	8.2%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	19.8%	46 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	8.5%	89 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	28.5%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Poland	1995	6.5%	135 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	29.6%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	8.6%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	19.6%	46 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	7.0%	127 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	28.6%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-13.5 pp vs world
Poland	1996	6.0%	136 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	28.0%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	8.9%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	20.6%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	7.1%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	29.4%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	-13.0 pp vs world
Poland	1997	5.2%	141 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	31.0 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	26.7%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	9.1%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	20.6%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	7.3%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	30.9%	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world
Poland	1998	4.5%	145 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	25.6%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	9.8%	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	20.9%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	7.3%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	31.9%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world
Poland	1999	3.8%	150 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	25.2%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	9.5%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	20.7%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	8.1%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	32.8%	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world
Poland	2000	3.6%	151 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	24.0%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	8.4%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	21.1%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	8.7%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	34.3%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world
Poland	2001	3.7%	151 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	22.5%	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	8.3%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	21.4%	29 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	9.0%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	35.1%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world
Poland	2002	3.2%	153 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	25.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	22.5%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	7.7%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	21.5%	27 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	9.7%	79 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	35.4%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world
Poland	2003	3.1%	153 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	25.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	24.1%	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	7.1%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	20.3%	34 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.8 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	10.0%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	35.5%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world
Poland	2004	3.8%	144 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	29.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	25.5%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	7.5%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	19.5%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	10.4%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	33.4%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world
Poland	2005	3.4%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	25.3%	71 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	7.7%	39 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	81.6 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	19.7%	37 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	10.3%	71 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	33.6%	107 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world
Poland	2006	3.1%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	25.3%	71 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	8.0%	45 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	19.5%	39 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	81.6 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	10.3%	62 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	70.4 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	33.7%	106 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world
Poland	2007	3.5%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	25.3%	72 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	8.2%	44 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	19.0%	45 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	78.6 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	10.1%	68 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	33.8%	107 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world
Poland	2008	3.0%	147 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	24.9%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	8.1%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	19.1%	47 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	77.9 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	10.0%	76 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	34.9%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world
Poland	2009	3.0%	144 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	25.0%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	8.7%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	19.7%	45 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	78.8 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	9.8%	79 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	33.7%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world
Poland	2010	3.3%	142 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	25.3%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	8.5%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	19.1%	50 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.4 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	9.5%	92 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	34.3%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world
Poland	2011	3.6%	140 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	25.3%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	9.3%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	18.7%	53 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	9.1%	96 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	34.0%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world
Poland	2012	3.4%	142 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	25.8%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	8.4%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	19.3%	46 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	9.8%	77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	33.4%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world
Poland	2013	3.6%	138 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	24.5%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	7.9%	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	19.4%	46 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	9.9%	79 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	34.7%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world
Poland	2014	3.4%	142 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	25.4%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	8.3%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	17.5%	67 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	10.2%	68 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	35.1%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world
Poland	2015	2.8%	147 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	26.1%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	8.8%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	17.6%	70 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	10.5%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	34.3%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world
Poland	2016	3.0%	144 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	26.7%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	8.0%	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	17.3%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	10.6%	61 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	34.5%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world
Poland	2017	3.4%	141 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	25.2%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	7.6%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	17.9%	68 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	10.9%	50 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.4 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	35.0%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world
Poland	2018	2.8%	143 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	24.5%	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	8.4%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	17.4%	71 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	11.4%	41 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	35.5%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
Poland	2019	2.7%	144 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	24.4%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	8.3%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	17.2%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	11.3%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	36.1%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world
Poland	2020	2.9%	148 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	24.3%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	8.1%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	16.8%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	11.1%	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	36.8%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world
Poland	2021	2.6%	151 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.2 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	25.7%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	7.0%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	17.3%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	11.2%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	36.3%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world
Poland	2022	3.1%	140 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	26.2%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	6.5%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	17.1%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	11.5%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	35.5%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world
Poland	2023	3.0%	139 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	26.2%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	7.1%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	16.0%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	11.5%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	36.2%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world
Poland	2024	2.9%	140 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	22.9%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	6.7%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	17.1%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	11.6%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	38.7%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 17.3% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Poland was 1.7 percentage points above the world value.

Latest share: 17.3%
World specialization: 1.11×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

30.9% → 31.4%

Percentage-point change: +0.5 pp

Integration1990–2010

31.4% → 18.4%

Percentage-point change: -13.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

18.4% → 17.3%

Percentage-point change: -1.1 pp

Share of total GVA17.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity75.5%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth6.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing0.8%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Poland	1970	30.9%	10 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	75.6%	106 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	1.0%	13 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Poland	1971	30.9%	9 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	95.4 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	75.6%	106 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	7.4%	55 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	1.0%	15 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	92.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Poland	1972	30.9%	10 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	75.6%	105 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	40.6 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	4.7%	100 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	1.0%	14 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Poland	1973	30.9%	11 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	75.6%	102 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	4.2%	121 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	1.0%	16 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Poland	1974	30.9%	12 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	75.6%	98 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	7.2%	64 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	64.0 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	1.0%	16 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Poland	1975	30.9%	7 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	75.6%	98 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	6.0%	51 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	71.4 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	1.0%	18 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Poland	1976	30.9%	8 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	75.6%	100 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	7.8%	74 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	1.0%	17 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Poland	1977	30.9%	8 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	75.6%	97 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	7.0%	60 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	1.0%	17 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Poland	1978	30.9%	6 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	75.6%	98 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	5.5%	87 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	50.9 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	0.9%	17 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Poland	1979	30.9%	5 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	75.6%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	4.3%	99 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	0.9%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Poland	1980	30.9%	5 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	75.6%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	-6.2%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	0.7%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1981	30.8%	4 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	75.6%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	-10.7%	164 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	0.6%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1982	30.9%	5 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	75.6%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	-4.6%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	0.8%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1983	31.0%	5 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	75.5%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	6.7%	47 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	0.9%	15 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	92.0 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Poland	1984	31.1%	4 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	75.6%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	7.7%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	0.9%	16 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Poland	1985	30.5%	7 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	75.5%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	0.2%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	0.8%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	1986	30.7%	7 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	75.6%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	-0.1%	133 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	0.7%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	1987	31.4%	4 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	75.6%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	7.5%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	0.6%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1988	31.3%	4 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	75.3%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	10.3%	25 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	0.5%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1989	31.5%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	75.9%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	6.0%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	0.6%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1990	31.4%	13 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	75.7%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	-35.4%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-36.6 pp vs world	0.5%	27 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1991	27.8%	23 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	74.5%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	-15.4%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-15.5 pp vs world	0.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1992	26.0%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	77.5%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	73.1%	6 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.5 / 100	+73.7 pp vs world	0.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1993	25.5%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	75.1%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	11.9%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	0.4%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1994	20.3%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	70.8%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	11.3%	27 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	0.4%	28 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Poland	1995	21.9%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	73.9%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	27.5%	10 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+22.6 pp vs world	0.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1996	20.7%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	74.1%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	-1.1%	162 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	0.5%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1997	19.9%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	74.5%	114 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-0.6%	177 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	0.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	1998	19.5%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	76.0%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	0.2%	138 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	1999	19.0%	49 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	75.5%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	2.7%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	0.5%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	2000	17.9%	58 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	72.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	74.8%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	-0.2%	163 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	0.5%	27 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	2001	16.2%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	72.1%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	-1.3%	160 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	2002	16.0%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	71.1%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	2.1%	126 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.5%	27 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Poland	2003	17.5%	62 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	72.3%	107 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	12.5%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	0.6%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2004	18.7%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	73.7%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	15.2%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	0.6%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2005	18.6%	49 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	76.8 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	73.4%	93 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	5.7%	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Poland	2006	18.9%	46 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	74.4%	89 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	57.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	15.5%	21 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	0.7%	24 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2007	19.1%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	75.3%	88 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	14.1%	30 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	0.8%	23 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2008	18.9%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	75.9%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	9.0%	34 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	0.9%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Poland	2009	18.8%	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	75.1%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	1.2%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2010	18.4%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	72.8%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	10.7%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2011	18.4%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	72.7%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	5.5%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	0.7%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2012	18.7%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	72.6%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	2.8%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	0.7%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2013	17.6%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	71.8%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	-3.7%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	0.7%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2014	19.1%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	75.0%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	11.7%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	0.7%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2015	19.9%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	76.3%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	7.2%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	0.7%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2016	20.7%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	77.4%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	5.3%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2017	19.2%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	76.4%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	1.9%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.7%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2018	18.8%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	76.7%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	5.7%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	0.7%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2019	18.9%	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	77.5%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	6.4%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2020	18.4%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	75.6%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	-5.6%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	0.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Poland	2021	19.8%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	77.3%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	-0.8%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2022	19.8%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	75.6%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	12.3%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world	0.8%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2023	18.6%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	70.8%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	-0.6%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Poland	2024	17.3%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	75.5%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	6.3%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	0.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Europe1.19×

Eastern Europe1.10×

World1.11×

Poland Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure