01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$42.76B2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 101 of 210

Real GDP growth-0.3%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$31,4322024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP0.0%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity47.0%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing12.9%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap −2.7 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table35 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Estonia	1990	$5.68B	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$3,615	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	83.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	$5.40B	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-8.0%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	$3,449	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	77.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	$4.35B	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-21.2%	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-23.2 pp vs world	$2,826	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	59.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	$4.20B	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-5.7%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	$2,792	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	59.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	$4.20B	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-2.0%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	$2,849	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	57.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	$4.48B	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.3%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	$3,081	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	56.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	$4.78B	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.9%	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	$3,334	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	60.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	$5.15B	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	13.1%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	$3,626	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	67.5 (world = 100)	0.0%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	$5.67B	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.3%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	$4,018	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	76.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	$5.76B	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-0.4%	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	$4,107	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	76.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	$5.69B	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	10.1%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	$4,074	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	74.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	$6.25B	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	5.9%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	$4,503	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	83.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	$7.37B	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.9%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	$5,343	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	96.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	$9.88B	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	7.6%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	$7,205	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	117.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	$12.15B	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.8%	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	$8,915	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	131.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	$14.11B	97 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	9.5%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	$10,412	65 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	142.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	97 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	$17.03B	96 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	9.8%	32 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	85.0 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	$12,647	62 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	162.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	96 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	$22.45B	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	7.6%	61 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	$16,742	58 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	192.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	$24.31B	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-5.1%	203 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	$18,185	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	193.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	$19.64B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-14.6%	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world	$14,719	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	166.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	$19.54B	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.4%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	$14,673	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	153.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	$23.30B	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	7.6%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	$17,557	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	167.5 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	$23.24B	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.7%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	$17,569	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	166.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	$25.45B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	$19,312	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	179.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	$27.06B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.3%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$20,583	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	188.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	$23.31B	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	$17,733	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	174.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	$24.56B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.1%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$18,666	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	182.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	$27.47B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	5.6%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	$20,851	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	193.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	$31.22B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.7%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$23,618	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	208.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	$31.87B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.7%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	$24,023	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	211.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	$31.82B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-2.9%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$23,931	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	218.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	$37.20B	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	7.2%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	$27,937	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	225.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	$38.38B	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	$28,425	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	222.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	$41.29B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-3.0%	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	$30,201	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	227.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	$42.76B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-0.3%	189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.0 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	$31,432	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	229.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaEuropeNorthern EuropeWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$5.68B → $5.68B

Compound annual change: 0.0% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$5.68B → $19.54B

Compound annual change: +6.4% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$19.54B → $42.76B

Compound annual change: +5.8% CAGR

Nominal GDP$42.76B2024 · Published series · World rank 101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$33.00B2024 · Published series · World rank 105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP0.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	$5.68B	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.69B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	$5.40B	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$16.28B	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	$4.35B	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.83B	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	$4.20B	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.10B	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	$4.20B	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$11.86B	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	$4.48B	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.36B	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	$4.78B	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.97B	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	$5.15B	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$14.67B	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	$5.67B	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.30B	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	$5.76B	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.24B	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	$5.69B	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$16.77B	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	$6.25B	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.76B	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	$7.37B	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$18.99B	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	$9.88B	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$20.43B	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	$12.15B	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$21.82B	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	$14.11B	97 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$23.90B	91 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	97 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	$17.03B	96 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.24B	91 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	96 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	$22.45B	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$28.22B	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	$24.31B	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.78B	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	$19.64B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$22.86B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	$19.54B	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$23.42B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	$23.30B	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$25.20B	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	$23.24B	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.12B	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	$25.45B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$26.58B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	$27.06B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$27.47B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	$23.31B	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$27.97B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	$24.56B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$28.84B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	$27.47B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$30.46B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	$31.22B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$31.59B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	$31.87B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$32.77B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	$31.82B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$31.82B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	$37.20B	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$34.10B	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	$38.38B	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$34.12B	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	$41.29B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$33.09B	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	$42.76B	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$33.00B	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Europe$27.20T2024

Northern Europe$6.28T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$3,615 → $3,615

Compound annual change: 0.0% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$3,615 → $14,673

Compound annual change: +7.3% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$14,673 → $31,432

Compound annual change: +5.6% CAGR

GDP per person$31,4322024 · Published series · World rank 49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$24,2552024 · Published series · World rank 55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	$3,615	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	83.3 (world = 100)	$11,268	60 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	157.4 (world = 100)
Estonia	1991	$3,449	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	77.0 (world = 100)	$10,400	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	146.0 (world = 100)
Estonia	1992	$2,826	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	59.9 (world = 100)	$8,332	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	116.5 (world = 100)
Estonia	1993	$2,792	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	59.0 (world = 100)	$8,041	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	112.2 (world = 100)
Estonia	1994	$2,849	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	57.2 (world = 100)	$8,034	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	110.2 (world = 100)
Estonia	1995	$3,081	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	56.6 (world = 100)	$8,509	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	114.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	1996	$3,334	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	60.9 (world = 100)	$9,042	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	119.5 (world = 100)
Estonia	1997	$3,626	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	67.5 (world = 100)	$10,317	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	133.1 (world = 100)
Estonia	1998	$4,018	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	76.2 (world = 100)	$10,843	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	138.0 (world = 100)
Estonia	1999	$4,107	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	76.0 (world = 100)	$10,855	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	135.2 (world = 100)
Estonia	2000	$4,074	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	74.2 (world = 100)	$12,007	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	145.1 (world = 100)
Estonia	2001	$4,503	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	83.6 (world = 100)	$12,794	60 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	153.5 (world = 100)
Estonia	2002	$5,343	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	96.6 (world = 100)	$13,767	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	163.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2003	$7,205	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	117.6 (world = 100)	$14,906	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	174.3 (world = 100)
Estonia	2004	$8,915	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	131.0 (world = 100)	$16,015	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	181.7 (world = 100)
Estonia	2005	$10,412	65 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	142.9 (world = 100)	$17,642	59 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.0 / 100	195.0 (world = 100)
Estonia	2006	$12,647	62 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	162.2 (world = 100)	$19,479	58 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	208.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2007	$16,742	58 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	192.8 (world = 100)	$21,050	57 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	219.0 (world = 100)
Estonia	2008	$18,185	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	193.1 (world = 100)	$20,025	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	206.9 (world = 100)
Estonia	2009	$14,719	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	166.9 (world = 100)	$17,128	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	181.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2010	$14,673	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	153.8 (world = 100)	$17,588	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	181.1 (world = 100)
Estonia	2011	$17,557	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	167.5 (world = 100)	$18,984	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	191.6 (world = 100)
Estonia	2012	$17,569	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	166.2 (world = 100)	$19,752	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	196.5 (world = 100)
Estonia	2013	$19,312	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	179.6 (world = 100)	$20,171	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	197.7 (world = 100)
Estonia	2014	$20,583	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	188.9 (world = 100)	$20,896	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	201.1 (world = 100)
Estonia	2015	$17,733	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	174.1 (world = 100)	$21,278	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	200.9 (world = 100)
Estonia	2016	$18,666	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	182.4 (world = 100)	$21,915	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	203.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2017	$20,851	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	193.7 (world = 100)	$23,122	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	210.3 (world = 100)
Estonia	2018	$23,618	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	208.9 (world = 100)	$23,895	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	212.8 (world = 100)
Estonia	2019	$24,023	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	211.7 (world = 100)	$24,695	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	216.6 (world = 100)
Estonia	2020	$23,931	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	218.4 (world = 100)	$23,931	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	218.4 (world = 100)
Estonia	2021	$27,937	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	225.0 (world = 100)	$25,603	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	221.4 (world = 100)
Estonia	2022	$28,425	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	222.0 (world = 100)	$25,271	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	213.3 (world = 100)
Estonia	2023	$30,201	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	227.9 (world = 100)	$24,200	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	200.2 (world = 100)
Estonia	2024	$31,432	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	229.9 (world = 100)	$24,255	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	196.8 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Europe$36,4082024

Northern Europe$57,7922024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

Unavailable

Change: Unavailable

Integration1990–2010

-8.0% → 2.4%

Average annual rate: +1.8%

Current era2010–2024

2.4% → -0.3%

Average annual rate: +2.5%

Real GDP growth-0.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth0.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator136.82024 · Published series · World rank 53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.3	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100
Estonia	1991	-8.0%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	-7.7%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	0.8	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100
Estonia	1992	-21.2%	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-23.2 pp vs world	-19.9%	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-20.3 pp vs world	8.0	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100
Estonia	1993	-5.7%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	-3.5%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	14.4	141 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100
Estonia	1994	-2.0%	176 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.6 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	-0.1%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	20.1	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100
Estonia	1995	4.3%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	5.9%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	26.4	130 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.1 / 100
Estonia	1996	4.9%	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	6.3%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	32.4	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100
Estonia	1997	13.1%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	14.1%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	35.6	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100
Estonia	1998	4.3%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	5.1%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	38.1	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100
Estonia	1999	-0.4%	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	0.1%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	40.5	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100
Estonia	2000	10.1%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	10.6%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	42.0	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100
Estonia	2001	5.9%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	6.6%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	44.9	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100
Estonia	2002	6.9%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	7.6%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	47.1	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100
Estonia	2003	7.6%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	8.3%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	48.9	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100
Estonia	2004	6.8%	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	7.4%	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	51.2	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100
Estonia	2005	9.5%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	10.2%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	54.2	125 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100
Estonia	2006	9.8%	32 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	85.0 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	10.4%	20 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	59.1	126 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	39.6 / 100
Estonia	2007	7.6%	61 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	8.1%	36 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	66.4	114 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100
Estonia	2008	-5.1%	203 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	-4.9%	199 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	4.3 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	70.9	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100
Estonia	2009	-14.6%	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world	-14.5%	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world	70.6	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100
Estonia	2010	2.4%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	2.7%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	71.9	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100
Estonia	2011	7.6%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	7.9%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	75.9	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100
Estonia	2012	3.7%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	4.0%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	79.1	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100
Estonia	2013	1.8%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	2.1%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	82.3	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100
Estonia	2014	3.3%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.6%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	84.7	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100
Estonia	2015	1.8%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	1.8%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	85.8	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100
Estonia	2016	3.1%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.0%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	87.9	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100
Estonia	2017	5.6%	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	5.5%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	91.2	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100
Estonia	2018	3.7%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	3.3%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	95.6	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100
Estonia	2019	3.7%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	3.3%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	99.3	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100
Estonia	2020	-2.9%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	-3.1%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Estonia	2021	7.2%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	7.0%	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	105.4	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100
Estonia	2022	0.1%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	-1.3%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	122.0	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100
Estonia	2023	-3.0%	204 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.9 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	-4.2%	202 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	3.8 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	131.8	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100
Estonia	2024	-0.3%	189 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.0 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	0.2%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	136.8	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Europe1.3%2024

Northern Europe1.3%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

77.7% → 77.7%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

77.7% → 72.0%

Percentage-point change: -5.7 pp

Current era2010–2024

72.0% → 74.3%

Percentage-point change: +2.4 pp

Final consumption74.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption53.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption20.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 53 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand100.5%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 116 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 35 of 35 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	77.7%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	64.4%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	13.2%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	107.9%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	66.5%	178 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.7 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	50.4%	167 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	16.1%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	91.7%	181 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	11.8 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	65.6%	181 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	50.4%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	15.2%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	92.7%	181 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	11.8 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	75.2%	149 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	55.5%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	19.7%	70 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	101.6%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	80.6%	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	58.2%	131 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	22.4%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	107.8%	65 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	80.5%	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	55.9%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	24.6%	33 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.3 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	106.9%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	80.6%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	57.9%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	22.6%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	108.0%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+8.6 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	78.4%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	58.0%	138 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	20.4%	56 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.0 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	109.1%	65 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	78.1%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	57.4%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	20.7%	56 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.0 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	109.7%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	78.1%	123 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.5 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	56.2%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	21.9%	41 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	104.0%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	74.0%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	54.4%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	19.6%	56 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.0 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	102.4%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	73.4%	149 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	54.8%	151 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.5 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	18.6%	70 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	103.0%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	73.6%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	55.4%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	18.2%	71 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	106.5%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	73.1%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	55.3%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	17.9%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	108.3%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	72.8%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	55.4%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	17.4%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	107.5%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	71.2%	152 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	54.4%	148 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	16.9%	79 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	104.6%	103 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	70.0%	153 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	54.1%	151 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.2 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	15.8%	90 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	109.8%	77 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	68.3%	159 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	52.4%	158 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.8 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	15.9%	93 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	55.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	108.3%	85 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	59.2 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	71.7%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	53.3%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	18.4%	63 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	103.4%	122 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	73.9%	155 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	53.3%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	20.5%	58 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	94.9%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	72.0%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	52.4%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	19.6%	62 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	93.6%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	68.7%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	50.4%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	18.3%	77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	94.2%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	69.3%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	51.2%	166 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.7 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	18.0%	86 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	98.4%	141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	70.5%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	52.1%	163 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	18.4%	83 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	97.4%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	69.8%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	51.4%	166 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.7 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	18.4%	81 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	96.6%	158 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.5 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	71.5%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	52.3%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	19.2%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	96.1%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	71.8%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	52.4%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	19.3%	65 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	69.2 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	96.5%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	70.1%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	51.2%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	18.9%	67 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	96.0%	160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	69.8%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	51.1%	166 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.7 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	18.8%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	97.7%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	70.0%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	50.8%	166 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.7 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	19.1%	68 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	96.3%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	71.4%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	50.8%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	20.6%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	101.1%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	70.1%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	50.2%	160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	19.9%	72 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	100.6%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	71.5%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	52.4%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	19.1%	70 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	100.5%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	74.1%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	53.7%	156 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	20.5%	54 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	74.5 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	101.8%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	74.3%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	53.4%	155 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	20.9%	53 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	100.5%	116 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.7 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Europe74.5%2024

Northern Europe74.0%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

30.2% → 30.2%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

30.2% → 21.6%

Percentage-point change: -8.6 pp

Current era2010–2024

21.6% → 26.2%

Percentage-point change: +4.6 pp

Gross capital formation26.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 67 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation26.1%2024 · Published series · World rank 57 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories0.1%2024 · Published series · World rank 107 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 35 of 35 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	30.2%	43 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	23.8%	82 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	6.5%	17 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	25.3%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	22.1%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	3.2%	41 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	27.1%	56 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.0 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	21.9%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	5.2%	26 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	26.5%	59 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	24.8%	64 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	1.7%	50 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	27.2%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	27.5%	42 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	-0.3%	139 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	18.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	26.4%	60 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	26.5%	49 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.5 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	-0.1%	141 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	27.5%	49 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	27.0%	44 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	0.5%	96 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	30.7%	34 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.8 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	28.6%	39 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	2.1%	47 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	31.6%	33 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.3 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	31.3%	29 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	0.3%	109 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	25.9%	64 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	25.9%	55 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.5 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	-0.0%	115 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	28.5%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	26.7%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	1.7%	50 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	29.6%	34 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.8 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	27.5%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	2.1%	36 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	32.9%	18 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	30.6%	21 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	2.4%	35 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	35.2%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	32.8%	19 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	2.4%	31 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	82.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	34.6%	16 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	31.7%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+8.6 pp vs world	2.9%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	33.4%	26 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	32.9%	20 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	0.5%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	39.8%	9 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+15.0 pp vs world	36.8%	10 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	3.0%	26 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	86.0 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	40.0%	13 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	36.4%	17 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	3.6%	27 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	31.6%	51 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	31.1%	41 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	0.5%	120 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	21.0%	126 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.9 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	22.7%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-1.7%	158 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	11.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	21.6%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	21.3%	123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	0.3%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	25.5%	78 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	26.4%	57 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	-0.9%	164 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	8.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	29.1%	49 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.9 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	28.5%	43 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	79.8 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	0.6%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	26.9%	67 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	27.6%	51 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	-0.7%	162 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	8.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	26.7%	66 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	25.4%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	1.4%	47 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	73.6 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	24.6%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	24.1%	82 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	0.6%	83 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	24.7%	83 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	24.0%	86 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	0.7%	67 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	25.9%	69 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	25.4%	63 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.5%	103 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	41.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	27.9%	57 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	26.6%	56 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	1.3%	66 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	62.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	26.4%	65 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	69.2 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	26.6%	51 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	-0.3%	155 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	29.7%	44 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	79.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	31.2%	21 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	-1.5%	159 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	30.5%	44 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	79.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	28.7%	36 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.2 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	1.8%	55 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	29.0%	51 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	25.8%	56 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	3.2%	39 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	27.7%	55 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	27.9%	40 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	-0.2%	130 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	26.2%	67 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	26.1%	57 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	0.1%	107 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Europe21.8%2024

Northern Europe20.5%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Estonia is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

EstoniaNorthern EuropeEuropeWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

91.8% → 91.8%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

91.8% → 143.7%

Percentage-point change: +51.8 pp

Current era2010–2024

143.7% → 152.0%

Percentage-point change: +8.3 pp

Exports76.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports75.7%2024 · Published series · World rank 30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports0.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness152.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices35 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Estonia	1990	42.0%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+23.0 pp vs world	49.9%	63 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.8 / 100	+30.7 pp vs world	-7.9%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	91.8%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+53.7 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	32.3%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	+13.7 pp vs world	25.5%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	6.8%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	57.8%	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+20.5 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	56.0%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+36.3 pp vs world	50.5%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	+31.1 pp vs world	5.5%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	106.6%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+67.4 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	63.7%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+44.9 pp vs world	67.5%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+49.2 pp vs world	-3.8%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	131.3%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+94.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	68.9%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+49.5 pp vs world	78.8%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+59.8 pp vs world	-9.9%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	147.7%	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+109.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	65.9%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+45.3 pp vs world	73.2%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+53.0 pp vs world	-7.3%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	139.1%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+98.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	61.3%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+40.2 pp vs world	71.7%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+51.0 pp vs world	-10.4%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	133.0%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+91.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	70.4%	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+48.4 pp vs world	80.7%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+59.2 pp vs world	-10.3%	149 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	151.1%	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+107.6 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	73.6%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+51.8 pp vs world	83.2%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+61.7 pp vs world	-9.6%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	156.8%	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+113.6 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	69.9%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+48.0 pp vs world	74.3%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+52.7 pp vs world	-4.4%	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	144.1%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+100.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	61.6%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+38.1 pp vs world	64.9%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+41.4 pp vs world	-3.2%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	126.5%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+79.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	61.3%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+38.4 pp vs world	65.3%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+42.3 pp vs world	-4.0%	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	126.5%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+80.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	57.9%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+34.7 pp vs world	65.3%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+42.3 pp vs world	-7.4%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	123.3%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+77.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	57.1%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+33.2 pp vs world	65.6%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+41.8 pp vs world	-8.5%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	122.7%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+75.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	61.1%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+35.3 pp vs world	68.9%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+43.4 pp vs world	-7.8%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	129.9%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+78.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	65.4%	27 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+38.4 pp vs world	70.5%	31 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	85.5 / 100	+43.9 pp vs world	-5.1%	104 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	135.9%	26 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.9 / 100	+82.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	63.3%	38 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	82.1 / 100	+34.5 pp vs world	73.4%	33 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	84.5 / 100	+45.3 pp vs world	-10.1%	128 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	136.6%	28 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+79.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	62.6%	37 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	82.6 / 100	+33.0 pp vs world	71.4%	40 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	81.2 / 100	+42.5 pp vs world	-8.8%	123 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	134.0%	32 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	85.0 / 100	+75.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	66.4%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+35.4 pp vs world	70.3%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+40.1 pp vs world	-3.9%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	136.7%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	+75.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	60.9%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+34.6 pp vs world	55.9%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+30.3 pp vs world	5.0%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	116.8%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+64.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	75.0%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+46.5 pp vs world	68.6%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+41.0 pp vs world	6.4%	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	143.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+87.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	86.3%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+55.9 pp vs world	80.5%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+51.0 pp vs world	5.8%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	166.7%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+106.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	85.4%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+55.2 pp vs world	83.8%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+54.6 pp vs world	1.6%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	169.2%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+109.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	83.5%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+53.3 pp vs world	81.1%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+52.1 pp vs world	2.3%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	164.6%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+105.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	80.6%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+50.9 pp vs world	77.4%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+48.4 pp vs world	3.2%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	158.0%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+99.3 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	76.0%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+47.9 pp vs world	72.5%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+45.0 pp vs world	3.6%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	148.5%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+92.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	75.5%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+48.3 pp vs world	72.3%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	+45.9 pp vs world	3.2%	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	147.7%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+94.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	74.3%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+46.2 pp vs world	70.3%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+43.0 pp vs world	4.0%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	144.6%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+89.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	72.9%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+43.8 pp vs world	70.6%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+42.3 pp vs world	2.3%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	143.5%	26 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+86.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	72.0%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+43.9 pp vs world	68.3%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+40.8 pp vs world	3.7%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	140.4%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+84.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	68.2%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+42.1 pp vs world	69.2%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+43.8 pp vs world	-1.1%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	137.4%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+85.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	79.5%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+50.9 pp vs world	80.8%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+53.2 pp vs world	-1.3%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	160.4%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+104.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	86.7%	21 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+55.8 pp vs world	87.9%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+57.8 pp vs world	-1.2%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	174.6%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+113.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	77.9%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+48.8 pp vs world	77.0%	28 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	+48.7 pp vs world	0.9%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	154.9%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+97.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	76.3%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+47.3 pp vs world	75.7%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+47.6 pp vs world	0.6%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	152.0%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+94.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Europe88.4%2024

Northern Europe93.8%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 47.0%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing2.2%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010-12.0 pp2010–2024-1.5 pp

World specialization: 0.51×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities17.3%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010-17.9 pp2010–2024-4.4 pp

World specialization: 0.82×

Construction6.1%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010-1.3 pp2010–2024+0.2 pp

World specialization: 1.05×

Trade, restaurants and hotels13.9%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010+5.1 pp2010–2024+0.8 pp

World specialization: 0.96×

Transport, storage and communication13.5%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010+8.2 pp2010–2024-1.1 pp

World specialization: 1.38×

Other activities47.0%

1970–19900.0 pp1990–2010+18.0 pp2010–2024+5.9 pp

World specialization: 1.06×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

23.1% → 23.1%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

23.1% → 41.0%

Percentage-point change: +18.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

41.0% → 47.0%

Percentage-point change: +5.9 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.51×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities0.82×

Construction1.05×

Trade, restaurants and hotels0.96×

Transport, storage and communication1.38×

Other activities1.06×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table35 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Estonia	1990	15.7%	95 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	39.6%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+13.1 pp vs world	7.2%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	8.0%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	6.4%	136 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	23.1%	149 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-16.5 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	18.8%	74 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	64.0 / 100	+14.0 pp vs world	40.0%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+14.0 pp vs world	6.7%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	8.9%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	6.9%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	18.7%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-21.5 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	7.5%	133 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	31.0%	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	5.1%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	13.7%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	16.9%	6 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.5 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	25.7%	136 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-15.3 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	6.1%	144 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	29.6 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	26.4%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	6.6%	63 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.8 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	13.7%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	15.2%	8 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	32.0%	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	5.6%	146 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	25.5%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	6.5%	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	12.3%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	13.9%	10 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	36.1%	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	4.7%	154 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	24.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	24.5%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	6.4%	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	13.0%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	12.6%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	38.8%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	4.7%	154 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	24.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	24.1%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	6.0%	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	14.3%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	12.8%	14 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.6 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	38.0%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	4.7%	148 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	27.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	23.8%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	6.0%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	13.8%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	13.6%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	38.1%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	5.7%	136 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	21.4%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	6.9%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	14.2%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	14.2%	10 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	37.7%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	4.0%	149 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	20.9%	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	5.6%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	14.3%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	15.0%	6 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.5 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	40.1%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	4.3%	145 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	21.9%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	5.9%	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	14.2%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	15.9%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	37.7%	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	3.9%	149 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	22.5%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	5.9%	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	14.9%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	15.2%	8 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	37.5%	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	4.0%	145 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	22.4%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	6.3%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	15.6%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	14.4%	12 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	37.3%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	3.9%	143 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	22.6%	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	6.6%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	15.7%	86 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	14.6%	10 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	36.6%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	4.1%	141 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	31.0 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	21.7%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	7.0%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	15.7%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	14.6%	8 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	37.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	3.7%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	21.1%	99 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	8.5%	29 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	86.5 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	16.0%	90 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	13.3%	21 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	37.4%	84 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	3.6%	140 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	20.8%	102 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	9.8%	22 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	16.0%	88 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	13.2%	20 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	36.6%	87 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	4.5%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	20.0%	106 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	10.5%	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	15.2%	103 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	12.6%	25 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	37.1%	86 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	3.8%	137 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	19.7%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	9.6%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	14.4%	118 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	12.9%	20 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	39.5%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	2.9%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	19.8%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	7.1%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	13.2%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	13.9%	9 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	43.2%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	3.6%	139 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	21.7%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	5.8%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	13.1%	140 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	14.6%	7 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	41.0%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	4.2%	130 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	37.4 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	22.1%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	6.9%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	13.6%	136 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	14.3%	9 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	39.0%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	3.8%	136 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	21.0%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	7.3%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	14.0%	130 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	14.2%	7 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	39.7%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	3.5%	140 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	21.3%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	6.9%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	13.9%	132 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	14.1%	7 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	40.3%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	3.6%	139 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	21.6%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	6.1%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	14.2%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	14.1%	10 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	40.5%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	3.2%	143 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	20.6%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	6.0%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	13.6%	138 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	14.0%	8 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	42.5%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	2.4%	154 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.7 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	20.5%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	6.4%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	14.5%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	13.3%	17 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	42.9%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	2.7%	149 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	20.2%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	6.5%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	14.6%	123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	13.1%	19 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	91.3 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	42.9%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	2.4%	152 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	20.0%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	6.8%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	14.9%	117 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	13.2%	18 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	91.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	42.8%	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	2.6%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	18.8%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	6.8%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	14.9%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	13.5%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	43.4%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	2.2%	160 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	18.0%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	6.9%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	14.0%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	13.8%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	45.1%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	2.2%	158 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	19.3%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	6.5%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	13.9%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	13.4%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	44.6%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	2.8%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	20.0%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	6.4%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	13.5%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	13.5%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	43.8%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	2.2%	161 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.3 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	18.4%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	6.2%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	14.0%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	13.1%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	46.0%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	2.2%	160 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	17.3%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	6.1%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	13.9%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	13.5%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	47.0%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 12.9% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Estonia was 2.7 percentage points below the world value.

Latest share: 12.9%
World specialization: 0.82×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

32.8% → 32.8%

Percentage-point change: 0.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

32.8% → 15.8%

Percentage-point change: -17.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

15.8% → 12.9%

Percentage-point change: -2.9 pp

Share of total GVA12.9%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity74.5%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth-5.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 190 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing0.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table35 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 35 of 35 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Estonia	1990	32.8%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	82.6%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.0%	82 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1991	36.3%	7 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+15.8 pp vs world	90.8%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	-8.4%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	0.0%	81 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1992	23.9%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	77.3%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-20.3%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-19.7 pp vs world	0.0%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1993	21.1%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	79.9%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	-6.6%	163 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	0.0%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1994	20.6%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	80.8%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	-3.5%	159 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	0.0%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1995	19.2%	59 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	78.2%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	10.5%	47 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.0%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1996	18.5%	60 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.1 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	76.8%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	-0.4%	154 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	0.0%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1997	18.8%	55 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.5 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	79.2%	82 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	20.2%	18 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world	0.0%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1998	16.7%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	77.8%	95 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	4.9%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	1999	16.1%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	76.9%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	-1.0%	159 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	0.0%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2000	17.3%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	79.0%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	20.5%	14 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.6 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2001	18.0%	59 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	79.9%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	13.1%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	0.0%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2002	17.6%	60 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	78.7%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	7.5%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	0.0%	95 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2003	17.6%	58 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	72.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	77.8%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	7.5%	63 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.6 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	0.0%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2004	16.8%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	77.5%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	3.1%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-16.4 pp vs world	0.0%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2005	16.5%	66 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	78.3%	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	9.7%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	0.0%	91 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2006	16.4%	66 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	78.9%	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	10.9%	43 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	79.6 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	0.0%	91 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2007	15.8%	71 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	78.8%	72 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	4.9%	100 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	0.0%	89 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	57.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2008	15.4%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	78.1%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	-3.7%	168 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	0.0%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2009	14.2%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	71.8%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	-23.1%	205 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-16.8 pp vs world	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2010	15.8%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	72.6%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	19.5%	15 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2011	16.6%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	75.3%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	14.9%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	0.0%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2012	15.9%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	76.0%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	1.3%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	0.0%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2013	15.5%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	72.8%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	3.1%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	0.0%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2014	16.0%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	74.2%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	5.6%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	0.0%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2015	15.8%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	76.3%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	2.4%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2016	15.8%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	76.9%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	4.3%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	0.0%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2017	15.4%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	76.2%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	4.0%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	0.0%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2018	15.2%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	76.0%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	4.9%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	0.0%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2019	14.8%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	78.7%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	6.1%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	0.0%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2020	14.4%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	79.9%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	-6.2%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	0.0%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2021	14.9%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	77.1%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	12.0%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	0.0%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2022	13.8%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	68.7%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	-7.3%	193 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.1 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	0.0%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2023	13.5%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	73.4%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	-4.5%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	0.0%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Estonia	2024	12.9%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	74.5%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	-5.2%	190 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	0.0%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Europe0.89×

Northern Europe1.04×

World0.82×

Estonia Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure