Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$1.88T2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 12 of 210

Real GDP growth2.0%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$36,2622024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP1.7%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity41.6%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing28.7%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap +13.0 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Republic of Korea	1970	$9.09B	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$279	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	30.1 (world = 100)	0.3%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1971	$10.01B	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	10.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	$301	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	30.1 (world = 100)	0.3%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1972	$10.99B	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	7.3%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	$324	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	28.7 (world = 100)	0.3%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1973	$14.07B	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	15.0%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	$406	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	30.1 (world = 100)	0.3%	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1974	$19.86B	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	9.6%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	$563	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	37.5 (world = 100)	0.3%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1975	$22.13B	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	7.9%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	$617	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	37.5 (world = 100)	0.3%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1976	$30.37B	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	13.3%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	$835	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	47.8 (world = 100)	0.4%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1977	$39.06B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	12.4%	13 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	$1,060	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	54.8 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1978	$52.82B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	11.1%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	$1,417	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	63.0 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1979	$68.08B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	8.7%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	$1,805	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	70.9 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1980	$66.52B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	-1.5%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	$1,744	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	62.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1981	$74.29B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	7.4%	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	$1,920	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	68.5 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1982	$79.91B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	8.5%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	$2,030	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	74.4 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1983	$89.62B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	13.5%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	$2,240	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	81.5 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1984	$99.75B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	10.6%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	$2,457	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	88.5 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1985	$103.76B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	7.9%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	$2,522	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	90.1 (world = 100)	0.8%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1986	$119.97B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	11.5%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	$2,876	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	90.7 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1987	$152.24B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	12.9%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	$3,597	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	102.1 (world = 100)	0.9%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1988	$205.48B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	12.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	$4,787	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	123.7 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1989	$254.24B	15 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	7.2%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	$5,841	55 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	69.7 / 100	147.0 (world = 100)	1.2%	15 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1990	$292.06B	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	10.0%	16 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	91.6 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	$6,626	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	152.7 (world = 100)	1.3%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	-98.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1991	$340.86B	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	1.4 (world = 100)	10.9%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	$7,670	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	171.2 (world = 100)	1.4%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	-98.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1992	$366.91B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.4 (world = 100)	6.4%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	$8,217	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	174.2 (world = 100)	1.4%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1993	$405.77B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.5 (world = 100)	7.0%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	$9,040	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	190.9 (world = 100)	1.5%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1994	$478.99B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	9.4%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	$10,613	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	213.3 (world = 100)	1.7%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1995	$586.30B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	9.7%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	$12,923	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	237.6 (world = 100)	1.9%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1996	$631.19B	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	8.0%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	$13,830	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	252.5 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1997	$590.07B	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	6.3%	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	$12,844	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	238.9 (world = 100)	1.9%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1998	$396.80B	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	-4.9%	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	$8,583	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	162.9 (world = 100)	1.3%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	-98.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1999	$515.43B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.6 (world = 100)	11.6%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	$11,084	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	205.1 (world = 100)	1.6%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2000	$597.80B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	9.2%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	$12,783	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	232.8 (world = 100)	1.8%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2001	$567.65B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	4.7%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	$12,067	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	224.0 (world = 100)	1.7%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2002	$649.75B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	7.7%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	$13,737	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	248.4 (world = 100)	1.9%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2003	$728.50B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	3.1%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$15,332	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	250.3 (world = 100)	1.9%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2004	$822.58B	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	5.2%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	$17,246	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	253.4 (world = 100)	1.9%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2005	$971.54B	10 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	4.4%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$20,303	47 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	278.6 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2006	$1.09T	11 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	2.1 (world = 100)	5.2%	109 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	$22,800	46 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	292.4 (world = 100)	2.1%	11 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2007	$1.22T	12 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	2.1 (world = 100)	5.8%	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	$25,338	45 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	291.8 (world = 100)	2.1%	12 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2008	$1.09T	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	3.0%	126 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	39.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$22,613	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	240.2 (world = 100)	1.7%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2009	$982.82B	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	1.6 (world = 100)	0.8%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	$20,245	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	229.5 (world = 100)	1.6%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2010	$1.19T	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	7.0%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$24,459	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	256.4 (world = 100)	1.8%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2011	$1.31T	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	3.7%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$26,606	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	253.8 (world = 100)	1.8%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2012	$1.34T	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	2.5%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$26,922	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	254.7 (world = 100)	1.8%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2013	$1.43T	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	3.3%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$28,653	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	266.5 (world = 100)	1.8%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2014	$1.56T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	3.2%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$30,793	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	282.5 (world = 100)	1.9%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2015	$1.54T	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.9%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$30,190	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	296.4 (world = 100)	2.0%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2016	$1.58T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	3.2%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$30,784	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	300.9 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2017	$1.71T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.1 (world = 100)	3.4%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	$33,217	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	308.5 (world = 100)	2.1%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2018	$1.82T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.1 (world = 100)	3.2%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	$35,326	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	312.4 (world = 100)	2.1%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2019	$1.75T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.3%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	$33,825	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	298.0 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2020	$1.74T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	-0.7%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	$33,631	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	306.9 (world = 100)	2.0%	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2021	$1.94T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	4.6%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	$37,461	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	301.7 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2022	$1.80T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	2.7%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	$34,748	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	271.4 (world = 100)	1.8%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2023	$1.84T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	1.6%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	$35,649	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	269.0 (world = 100)	1.7%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2024	$1.88T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	2.0%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	$36,262	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	265.2 (world = 100)	1.7%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Republic of KoreaAsiaEastern AsiaWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Republic of Korea is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Republic of KoreaEastern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$9.09B → $292.06B

Compound annual change: +18.9% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$292.06B → $1.19T

Compound annual change: +7.3% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$1.19T → $1.88T

Compound annual change: +3.3% CAGR

Nominal GDP$1.88T2024 · Published series · World rank 12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$1.94T2024 · Published series · World rank 9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP1.7%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Republic of Korea	1970	$9.09B	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$65.35B	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.3%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1971	$10.01B	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$72.31B	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.3%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1972	$10.99B	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$77.62B	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.3%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1973	$14.07B	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$89.24B	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.3%	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1974	$19.86B	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$97.85B	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	0.3%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1975	$22.13B	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$105.61B	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.3%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1976	$30.37B	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	0.4 (world = 100)	$119.62B	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.4%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1977	$39.06B	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$134.42B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	0.5%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1978	$52.82B	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$149.30B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1979	$68.08B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$162.35B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1980	$66.52B	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	0.5 (world = 100)	$159.87B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1981	$74.29B	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$171.71B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	0.6%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1982	$79.91B	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	0.6 (world = 100)	$186.25B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.6%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1983	$89.62B	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	$211.33B	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	0.7 (world = 100)	0.7%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	-99.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1984	$99.75B	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$233.81B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.8%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1985	$103.76B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$252.37B	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	0.8%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1986	$119.97B	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	0.8 (world = 100)	$281.40B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.8%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1987	$152.24B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	$317.68B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	0.9 (world = 100)	0.9%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1988	$205.48B	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	$356.23B	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	1.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	-99.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1989	$254.24B	15 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	$381.75B	16 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	91.6 / 100	1.0 (world = 100)	1.2%	15 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	-98.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1990	$292.06B	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	$420.02B	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	1.1 (world = 100)	1.3%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	-98.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1991	$340.86B	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	1.4 (world = 100)	$465.70B	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	1.2 (world = 100)	1.4%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	-98.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1992	$366.91B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.4 (world = 100)	$495.28B	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	1.4%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1993	$405.77B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.5 (world = 100)	$529.92B	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	1.5%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1994	$478.99B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	$579.59B	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	1.4 (world = 100)	1.7%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1995	$586.30B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	$636.01B	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	1.5 (world = 100)	1.9%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1996	$631.19B	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	$686.83B	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	1.6 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1997	$590.07B	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	$729.98B	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	1.6 (world = 100)	1.9%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1998	$396.80B	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	1.3 (world = 100)	$693.93B	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	1.5 (world = 100)	1.3%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	-98.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1999	$515.43B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.6 (world = 100)	$774.54B	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	1.6 (world = 100)	1.6%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2000	$597.80B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	$845.82B	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	1.8%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2001	$567.65B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	$885.79B	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	1.7%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2002	$649.75B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	$954.39B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	1.9%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2003	$728.50B	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	$983.73B	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	1.9%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2004	$822.58B	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	$1.03T	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	1.9%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2005	$971.54B	10 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	$1.08T	13 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2006	$1.09T	11 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	2.1 (world = 100)	$1.14T	13 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	2.1%	11 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2007	$1.22T	12 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	2.1 (world = 100)	$1.20T	13 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	2.1%	12 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2008	$1.09T	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	$1.24T	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	1.7%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2009	$982.82B	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	1.6 (world = 100)	$1.25T	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	1.6%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2010	$1.19T	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	$1.34T	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2011	$1.31T	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	$1.39T	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	14 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2012	$1.34T	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	$1.42T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2013	$1.43T	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	$1.47T	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2014	$1.56T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	$1.51T	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	1.9%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2015	$1.54T	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	$1.56T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.0%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2016	$1.58T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	$1.61T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2017	$1.71T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.1 (world = 100)	$1.66T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.1%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2018	$1.82T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.1 (world = 100)	$1.72T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.1%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2019	$1.75T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	$1.76T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2020	$1.74T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	$1.74T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.0%	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2021	$1.94T	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	$1.82T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	2.0%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	-98.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2022	$1.80T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	1.8 (world = 100)	$1.87T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	2.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2023	$1.84T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	$1.90T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	1.7%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2024	$1.88T	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	1.7 (world = 100)	$1.94T	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	1.9 (world = 100)	1.7%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	-98.3 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Asia$40.60T2024

Eastern Asia$25.94T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Republic of Korea is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Republic of KoreaEastern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$279 → $6,626

Compound annual change: +17.2% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$6,626 → $24,459

Compound annual change: +6.7% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$24,459 → $36,262

Compound annual change: +2.9% CAGR

GDP per person$36,2622024 · Published series · World rank 42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$37,5522024 · Published series · World rank 35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Republic of Korea	1970	$279	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	30.1 (world = 100)	$2,008	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	38.7 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1971	$301	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	30.1 (world = 100)	$2,175	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	41.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1972	$324	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	28.7 (world = 100)	$2,287	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	41.8 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1973	$406	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	30.1 (world = 100)	$2,577	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	45.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1974	$563	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	37.5 (world = 100)	$2,773	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	48.4 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1975	$617	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	37.5 (world = 100)	$2,944	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	52.0 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1976	$835	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	47.8 (world = 100)	$3,288	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	56.2 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1977	$1,060	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	54.8 (world = 100)	$3,648	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	60.9 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1978	$1,417	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	63.0 (world = 100)	$4,005	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	65.2 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1979	$1,805	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	70.9 (world = 100)	$4,305	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	68.5 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1980	$1,744	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	62.5 (world = 100)	$4,192	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	66.6 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1981	$1,920	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	68.5 (world = 100)	$4,438	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	70.5 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1982	$2,030	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	74.4 (world = 100)	$4,732	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	76.2 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1983	$2,240	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	81.5 (world = 100)	$5,283	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	84.2 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1984	$2,457	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	88.5 (world = 100)	$5,759	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	89.3 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1985	$2,522	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	90.1 (world = 100)	$6,133	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	93.5 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1986	$2,876	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	90.7 (world = 100)	$6,745	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	101.5 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1987	$3,597	62 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	102.1 (world = 100)	$7,506	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	111.0 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1988	$4,787	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	123.7 (world = 100)	$8,299	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	119.6 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1989	$5,841	55 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	69.7 / 100	147.0 (world = 100)	$8,771	61 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	124.0 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1990	$6,626	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	152.7 (world = 100)	$9,528	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	133.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1991	$7,670	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	171.2 (world = 100)	$10,479	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	147.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1992	$8,217	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	174.2 (world = 100)	$11,092	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	155.0 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1993	$9,040	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	190.9 (world = 100)	$11,806	60 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	164.7 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1994	$10,613	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	213.3 (world = 100)	$12,842	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	176.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1995	$12,923	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	237.6 (world = 100)	$14,019	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	189.2 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1996	$13,830	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	252.5 (world = 100)	$15,049	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	199.0 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1997	$12,844	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	238.9 (world = 100)	$15,889	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	205.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1998	$8,583	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	162.9 (world = 100)	$15,010	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	191.0 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	1999	$11,084	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	205.1 (world = 100)	$16,657	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	207.4 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2000	$12,783	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	232.8 (world = 100)	$18,086	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	218.6 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2001	$12,067	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	224.0 (world = 100)	$18,829	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	225.9 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2002	$13,737	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	248.4 (world = 100)	$20,178	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	240.0 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2003	$15,332	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	250.3 (world = 100)	$20,704	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	242.2 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2004	$17,246	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	253.4 (world = 100)	$21,694	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	246.2 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2005	$20,303	47 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	278.6 (world = 100)	$22,566	48 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	249.4 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2006	$22,800	46 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	292.4 (world = 100)	$23,673	47 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	253.8 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2007	$25,338	45 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	291.8 (world = 100)	$24,967	46 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	259.8 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2008	$22,613	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	240.2 (world = 100)	$25,622	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	264.8 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2009	$20,245	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	229.5 (world = 100)	$25,731	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	273.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2010	$24,459	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	256.4 (world = 100)	$27,402	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	282.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2011	$26,606	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	253.8 (world = 100)	$28,205	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	284.7 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2012	$26,922	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	254.7 (world = 100)	$28,648	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	285.0 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2013	$28,653	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	266.5 (world = 100)	$29,312	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	287.3 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2014	$30,793	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	282.5 (world = 100)	$29,975	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	288.5 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2015	$30,190	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	296.4 (world = 100)	$30,581	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	288.8 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2016	$30,784	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	300.9 (world = 100)	$31,358	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	291.6 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2017	$33,217	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	308.5 (world = 100)	$32,316	40 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	293.9 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2018	$35,326	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	312.4 (world = 100)	$33,242	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	296.1 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2019	$33,825	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	298.0 (world = 100)	$33,928	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	297.6 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2020	$33,631	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	306.9 (world = 100)	$33,631	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	306.9 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2021	$37,461	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	301.7 (world = 100)	$35,190	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	304.3 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2022	$34,748	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	271.4 (world = 100)	$36,195	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	305.4 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2023	$35,649	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	269.0 (world = 100)	$36,792	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	304.3 (world = 100)
Republic of Korea	2024	$36,262	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	265.2 (world = 100)	$37,552	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	304.7 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Asia$8,4482024

Eastern Asia$15,6702024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Republic of Korea is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Republic of KoreaEastern AsiaAsiaWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

10.7% → 10.0%

Average annual rate: +9.8%

Integration1990–2010

10.0% → 7.0%

Average annual rate: +6.2%

Current era2010–2024

7.0% → 2.0%

Average annual rate: +3.0%

Real GDP growth2.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth2.1%2024 · Published series · World rank 110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator111.52024 · Published series · World rank 174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Republic of Korea	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	3.7	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100
Republic of Korea	1971	10.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	8.3%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	4.1	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100
Republic of Korea	1972	7.3%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	5.1%	60 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	4.7	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100
Republic of Korea	1973	15.0%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	12.7%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	5.3	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100
Republic of Korea	1974	9.6%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	7.6%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	7.0	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100
Republic of Korea	1975	7.9%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	6.2%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	8.6	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100
Republic of Korea	1976	13.3%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	11.7%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	10.4	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100
Republic of Korea	1977	12.4%	13 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	11.0%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+8.6 pp vs world	11.9	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100
Republic of Korea	1978	11.1%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	9.8%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	14.5	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100
Republic of Korea	1979	8.7%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	7.5%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	17.2	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100
Republic of Korea	1980	-1.5%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	-2.6%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	21.4	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100
Republic of Korea	1981	7.4%	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	5.9%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	25.0	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100
Republic of Korea	1982	8.5%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	6.6%	13 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	26.6	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100
Republic of Korea	1983	13.5%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	11.6%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	27.9	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100
Republic of Korea	1984	10.6%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	9.0%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	29.1	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100
Republic of Korea	1985	7.9%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	6.5%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	30.3	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100
Republic of Korea	1986	11.5%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	10.0%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	31.8	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100
Republic of Korea	1987	12.9%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	11.3%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	33.4	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100
Republic of Korea	1988	12.1%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	10.6%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	35.7	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100
Republic of Korea	1989	7.2%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	5.7%	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	37.9	76 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100
Republic of Korea	1990	10.0%	16 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	91.6 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	8.6%	13 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	93.3 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	41.7	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100
Republic of Korea	1991	10.9%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	10.0%	6 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	45.5	63 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.8 / 100
Republic of Korea	1992	6.4%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	5.8%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	49.0	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100
Republic of Korea	1993	7.0%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	6.4%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	52.1	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100
Republic of Korea	1994	9.4%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	8.8%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	56.3	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100
Republic of Korea	1995	9.7%	18 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	9.2%	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	60.2	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100
Republic of Korea	1996	8.0%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	7.4%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	62.6	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100
Republic of Korea	1997	6.3%	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	5.6%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	65.1	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100
Republic of Korea	1998	-4.9%	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	-5.5%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	68.0	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100
Republic of Korea	1999	11.6%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	11.0%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	67.1	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100
Republic of Korea	2000	9.2%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	8.6%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	67.7	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100
Republic of Korea	2001	4.7%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	4.1%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	70.1	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100
Republic of Korea	2002	7.7%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	7.2%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	72.2	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100
Republic of Korea	2003	3.1%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	2.6%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	74.8	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100
Republic of Korea	2004	5.2%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	4.8%	71 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	77.2	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100
Republic of Korea	2005	4.4%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	4.0%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	78.1	45 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100
Republic of Korea	2006	5.2%	109 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	4.9%	78 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.8 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	78.0	59 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.0 / 100
Republic of Korea	2007	5.8%	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	5.5%	72 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	79.9	64 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	69.6 / 100
Republic of Korea	2008	3.0%	126 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	39.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	2.6%	96 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	82.3	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100
Republic of Korea	2009	0.8%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	0.4%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	85.1	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100
Republic of Korea	2010	7.0%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	6.5%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	87.5	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100
Republic of Korea	2011	3.7%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	2.9%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	88.6	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100
Republic of Korea	2012	2.5%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	1.6%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	89.7	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100
Republic of Korea	2013	3.3%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	2.3%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	90.7	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100
Republic of Korea	2014	3.2%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	2.3%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	91.6	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100
Republic of Korea	2015	2.9%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	2.0%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	94.6	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100
Republic of Korea	2016	3.2%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	2.5%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	96.5	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100
Republic of Korea	2017	3.4%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	3.1%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	98.5	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100
Republic of Korea	2018	3.2%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	2.9%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	99.1	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100
Republic of Korea	2019	2.3%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	2.1%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	98.4	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100
Republic of Korea	2020	-0.7%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	-0.9%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Republic of Korea	2021	4.6%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	4.6%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	103.2	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100
Republic of Korea	2022	2.7%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	2.9%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	105.0	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100
Republic of Korea	2023	1.6%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	1.6%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	107.2	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100
Republic of Korea	2024	2.0%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	2.1%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	111.5	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Asia3.9%2024

Eastern Asia3.7%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Republic of Korea is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Republic of KoreaEastern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

83.4% → 60.7%

Percentage-point change: -22.7 pp

Integration1990–2010

60.7% → 64.7%

Percentage-point change: +4.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

64.7% → 66.0%

Percentage-point change: +1.3 pp

Final consumption66.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption48.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 177 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption17.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand95.9%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 154 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Republic of Korea	1970	83.4%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	73.6%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+16.5 pp vs world	9.8%	143 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	109.8%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1971	85.3%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	75.2%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+18.2 pp vs world	10.1%	137 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	110.5%	48 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.3 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1972	82.9%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	72.5%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	10.3%	138 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	104.7%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1973	77.2%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	68.4%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world	8.8%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	103.7%	82 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1974	77.9%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	68.5%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	9.5%	144 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	110.9%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1975	79.8%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	68.9%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world	10.9%	133 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	108.6%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1976	74.9%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	64.3%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	10.6%	135 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	102.8%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1977	71.5%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	61.0%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	10.5%	137 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	101.8%	107 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1978	69.4%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	59.7%	107 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	9.7%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	104.2%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1979	69.6%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	59.9%	107 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	9.6%	147 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	107.2%	74 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1980	74.2%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	62.6%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	11.6%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	108.7%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1981	74.3%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	62.6%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	11.7%	132 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	107.3%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1982	72.7%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	61.3%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	11.5%	135 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	105.6%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1983	69.0%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	58.1%	125 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	10.8%	142 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	102.3%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1984	66.4%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	56.2%	123 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	10.2%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	99.6%	120 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1985	65.9%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world	55.6%	129 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	10.3%	149 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	99.1%	121 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.8 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1986	62.9%	170 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	53.0%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	9.9%	151 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	96.4%	138 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1987	60.1%	169 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-15.0 pp vs world	50.5%	151 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	9.7%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	93.7%	146 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1988	58.3%	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100	-16.1 pp vs world	48.7%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	9.6%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	94.0%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1989	60.9%	169 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world	50.5%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	10.4%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	98.3%	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1990	60.7%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world	50.1%	170 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	10.6%	163 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	100.8%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1991	60.6%	192 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-14.5 pp vs world	50.2%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	10.4%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	102.3%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1992	61.5%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world	50.8%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	10.7%	161 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	100.6%	124 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1993	61.5%	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	51.1%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	10.4%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	99.6%	136 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1994	61.8%	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world	51.8%	166 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	9.9%	166 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	100.7%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1995	61.8%	193 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world	52.1%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	9.7%	170 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	101.2%	127 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1996	63.6%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	53.4%	159 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	10.1%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	103.3%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1997	63.6%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	53.6%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	10.0%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	100.9%	123 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1998	61.6%	194 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.9 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	50.5%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	11.1%	161 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	89.7%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1999	63.5%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	52.7%	165 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	10.8%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	94.7%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2000	65.2%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	54.6%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	10.6%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	98.2%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2001	66.8%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	55.5%	147 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	11.4%	165 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	98.7%	135 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2002	67.6%	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	56.3%	145 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	11.3%	163 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	98.9%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2003	66.1%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	54.5%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	11.7%	155 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	24.5 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	98.5%	138 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2004	63.9%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	52.1%	167 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	11.9%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	96.6%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2005	65.1%	173 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	52.8%	162 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	21.8 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	12.3%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	97.9%	141 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2006	66.4%	164 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	21.3 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	53.6%	154 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.7 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	12.8%	135 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	99.4%	131 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2007	66.0%	165 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	20.8 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	53.1%	152 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	12.8%	132 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	99.2%	138 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2008	66.7%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	53.3%	156 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	13.4%	126 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	100.4%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2009	66.5%	173 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	52.5%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	14.0%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	96.1%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2010	64.7%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	51.2%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	13.5%	136 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	97.5%	146 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2011	65.9%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	52.1%	160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	13.7%	126 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.9 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	99.1%	137 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2012	66.3%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	52.3%	163 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	14.0%	127 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	97.5%	150 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2013	65.8%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	51.5%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	14.3%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	95.7%	159 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2014	65.6%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	51.1%	168 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.7 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	14.5%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	95.4%	163 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2015	64.1%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	49.8%	174 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.8 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	14.3%	137 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	93.5%	172 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.8 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2016	63.7%	190 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	49.2%	176 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	14.4%	136 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	93.7%	178 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.9 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2017	63.5%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	49.0%	173 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.3 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	14.6%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	95.5%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2018	64.6%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	49.4%	170 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	15.1%	115 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	95.8%	163 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2019	66.2%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	50.1%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	16.1%	108 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	97.4%	150 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2020	64.8%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	47.8%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	17.0%	116 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	96.3%	163 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2021	64.1%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	47.1%	173 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.3 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	17.0%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	96.6%	154 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2022	66.7%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	49.0%	170 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	17.6%	90 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	100.0%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2023	67.7%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	49.9%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	17.8%	90 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	99.6%	127 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2024	66.0%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	48.5%	177 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	15.4 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	17.5%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	95.9%	154 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Asia63.9%2024

Eastern Asia60.7%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Republic of Korea is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Republic of KoreaEastern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

26.4% → 40.2%

Percentage-point change: +13.8 pp

Integration1990–2010

40.2% → 32.8%

Percentage-point change: -7.4 pp

Current era2010–2024

32.8% → 30.0%

Percentage-point change: -2.8 pp

Gross capital formation30.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation30.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 27 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories-0.1%2024 · Published series · World rank 116 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Republic of Korea	1970	26.4%	64 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	25.6%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	0.8%	89 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1971	25.2%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	23.1%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	2.1%	53 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1972	21.8%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	21.2%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	0.6%	86 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	38.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1973	26.5%	64 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	24.0%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	2.4%	45 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1974	32.9%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	26.8%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	6.1%	20 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1975	28.9%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	26.9%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	2.0%	57 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1976	27.9%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	26.1%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	1.8%	54 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1977	30.3%	45 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	29.0%	46 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	1.3%	68 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1978	34.8%	29 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	33.3%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	1.6%	59 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1979	37.7%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	34.2%	26 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	3.4%	28 of 142 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1980	34.5%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	32.6%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	1.9%	60 of 143 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1981	33.0%	37 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	28.8%	47 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	4.2%	22 of 144 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1982	32.8%	35 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	29.4%	47 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	3.4%	25 of 145 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1983	33.3%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	30.0%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	3.3%	21 of 146 · highest-to-lowest	86.2 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1984	33.2%	29 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	29.4%	37 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	3.8%	20 of 147 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1985	33.2%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	29.2%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	4.0%	18 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	88.4 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1986	33.6%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	29.1%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	4.5%	13 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	91.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1987	33.6%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	29.9%	26 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.8 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	3.7%	17 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1988	35.7%	18 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	30.3%	29 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	5.4%	9 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1989	37.4%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	32.3%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	5.1%	9 of 152 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1990	40.2%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	36.8%	18 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	3.4%	39 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1991	41.7%	8 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+16.4 pp vs world	38.4%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world	3.3%	38 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1992	39.1%	16 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	36.4%	10 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	2.7%	41 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	75.9 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1993	38.1%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	35.8%	14 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.6 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	2.3%	34 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1994	38.9%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world	35.9%	16 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world	3.0%	38 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	78.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1995	39.3%	14 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.6 / 100	+14.8 pp vs world	36.5%	14 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.6 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	2.8%	33 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	81.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1996	39.7%	13 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+15.3 pp vs world	36.9%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world	2.8%	31 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1997	37.4%	16 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	35.1%	19 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	2.3%	41 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1998	28.1%	54 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	30.1%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	-2.0%	157 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	6.6 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1999	31.3%	31 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	29.6%	31 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	1.7%	39 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	77.2 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2000	33.0%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	31.5%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	1.5%	57 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	66.9 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2001	31.9%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	30.5%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	1.4%	61 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2002	31.3%	23 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	30.2%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	1.1%	61 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	65.5 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2003	32.4%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	31.1%	23 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	1.3%	50 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2004	32.7%	26 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.7 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	30.9%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	1.8%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2005	32.7%	29 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	30.5%	28 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	2.3%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2006	33.0%	35 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	30.5%	30 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	2.5%	34 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	81.6 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2007	33.2%	38 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	30.1%	39 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	81.6 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	3.2%	32 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	82.6 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2008	33.7%	38 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	82.2 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	30.9%	43 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	79.8 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	2.8%	43 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	76.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2009	29.6%	47 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	77.9 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	30.9%	33 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.6 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	-1.3%	149 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2010	32.8%	32 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	85.1 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	30.5%	31 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	2.3%	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2011	33.3%	28 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	30.6%	25 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	2.7%	39 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2012	31.2%	38 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	82.2 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	29.9%	37 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	82.7 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	1.4%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2013	29.9%	42 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.3 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	29.2%	34 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	0.7%	94 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2014	29.8%	39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	29.2%	34 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.1 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	0.6%	89 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2015	29.3%	48 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	29.2%	40 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	0.1%	120 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2016	30.0%	39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	29.9%	33 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.6 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	0.1%	124 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2017	32.0%	30 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	31.7%	21 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	0.3%	122 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2018	31.2%	42 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.3 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	30.5%	31 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	0.8%	90 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2019	31.2%	36 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.2 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	30.1%	31 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	1.1%	63 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2020	31.5%	33 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.6 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	31.0%	22 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	0.5%	76 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2021	32.5%	30 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	31.5%	20 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	1.0%	86 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2022	33.3%	33 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.6 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	31.9%	21 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	1.4%	79 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	53.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2023	31.9%	28 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	31.4%	23 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	0.4%	83 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2024	30.0%	39 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	30.0%	27 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	-0.1%	116 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Asia33.8%2024

Eastern Asia36.7%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Republic of Korea is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Republic of KoreaEastern AsiaAsiaWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

32.2% → 49.2%

Percentage-point change: +16.9 pp

Integration1990–2010

49.2% → 88.0%

Percentage-point change: +38.8 pp

Current era2010–2024

88.0% → 84.6%

Percentage-point change: -3.4 pp

Exports44.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports40.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports4.1%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness84.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Republic of Korea	1970	11.3%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	20.9%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	-9.6%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	32.2%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1971	12.5%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	22.8%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world	-10.3%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world	35.3%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1972	16.3%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	21.2%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	-4.9%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	37.5%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1973	23.5%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world	27.3%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	-3.8%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	50.8%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+24.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1974	21.8%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	32.8%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+16.7 pp vs world	-11.0%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	54.6%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+22.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1975	22.2%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	30.9%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	-8.7%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	53.0%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+22.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1976	25.0%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	27.9%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	-2.9%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	53.0%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	+21.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1977	25.5%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	27.4%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	-1.9%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	53.0%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	+21.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1978	24.5%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	28.8%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	-4.3%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	53.3%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+22.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1979	23.1%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	30.4%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world	-7.3%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	53.5%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+19.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1980	27.7%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	36.5%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	+17.9 pp vs world	-8.8%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	64.2%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	+27.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1981	29.2%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	36.6%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+18.2 pp vs world	-7.4%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	65.7%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+29.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1982	26.7%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	32.3%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+14.9 pp vs world	-5.6%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	59.0%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+24.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1983	27.2%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	29.4%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world	-2.3%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	56.6%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+23.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1984	28.1%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	27.9%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	0.3%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	56.0%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+22.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1985	26.1%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	25.2%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	0.9%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	51.3%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	+18.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1986	31.0%	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	27.4%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world	3.5%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	58.4%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+26.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1987	33.7%	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+17.2 pp vs world	27.4%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world	6.3%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	61.1%	91 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.2 / 100	+28.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1988	31.4%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world	25.5%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	5.9%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	56.9%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+22.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1989	26.5%	94 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	24.9%	121 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	32.6 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	1.6%	54 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	51.3%	111 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	+16.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1990	24.2%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	25.0%	142 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.2 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	-0.9%	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	49.2%	136 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1991	23.0%	119 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	25.3%	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	-2.3%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	48.3%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1992	23.3%	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	23.9%	152 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	-0.7%	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	47.2%	144 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.2 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1993	22.9%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	22.6%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	0.3%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	45.4%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1994	23.5%	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	24.2%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	-0.7%	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	47.7%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1995	25.1%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	26.3%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	-1.2%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	51.4%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1996	24.2%	132 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	27.5%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	-3.3%	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	51.6%	147 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1997	27.5%	118 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	28.4%	144 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.2 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	-0.9%	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	55.9%	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1998	38.2%	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	+16.4 pp vs world	28.1%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	10.1%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	66.3%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	+23.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1999	31.5%	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	26.4%	155 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	5.1%	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	57.9%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2000	32.9%	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	31.2%	141 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	1.7%	64 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	64.1%	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+17.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2001	30.9%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	29.6%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	1.3%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	60.4%	138 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.2 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2002	28.9%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	27.8%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	1.1%	73 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.9 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	56.7%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2003	30.4%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	29.0%	147 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	1.5%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	59.4%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2004	35.6%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	32.3%	140 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	3.3%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	67.9%	133 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+16.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2005	34.1%	113 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	32.0%	143 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	2.1%	64 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	69.6 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	66.2%	139 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2006	34.4%	116 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	33.9%	142 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	0.5%	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	68.4%	138 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2007	36.0%	108 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	35.3%	137 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	0.8%	69 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	67.1 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	71.3%	133 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2008	45.8%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+14.9 pp vs world	46.2%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+16.0 pp vs world	-0.4%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	92.1%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+30.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2009	43.5%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+17.3 pp vs world	39.6%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	+14.0 pp vs world	3.9%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	83.1%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	+31.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2010	45.3%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+16.7 pp vs world	42.8%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	2.5%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	88.0%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+31.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2011	51.3%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+20.9 pp vs world	50.4%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+20.9 pp vs world	0.9%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	101.7%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+41.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2012	52.0%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+21.9 pp vs world	49.5%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+20.3 pp vs world	2.5%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	101.5%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+42.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2013	49.2%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+19.1 pp vs world	44.9%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+15.8 pp vs world	4.3%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	94.2%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+35.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2014	45.8%	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	+16.1 pp vs world	41.1%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	4.6%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	86.9%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+28.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2015	41.0%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	34.4%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	6.5%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	75.4%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+19.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2016	38.1%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	31.8%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	6.3%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	69.9%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+16.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2017	38.8%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world	34.3%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	4.5%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	73.2%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	+17.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2018	39.5%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	35.3%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	4.2%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	74.7%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	+17.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2019	37.0%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	34.4%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	2.6%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	71.4%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+15.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2020	34.6%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	30.9%	142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	3.7%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	65.5%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2021	39.3%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	36.0%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	3.4%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	75.3%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	+19.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2022	45.3%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	45.3%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+15.2 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	90.6%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+29.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2023	41.3%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world	40.9%	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	0.4%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	82.3%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	+24.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2024	44.4%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+15.4 pp vs world	40.3%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	4.1%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	84.6%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+27.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Asia60.3%2024

Eastern Asia49.8%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 41.6%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing1.6%

1970–1990-20.6 pp1990–2010-5.9 pp2010–2024-0.7 pp

World specialization: 0.37×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities31.3%

1970–1990+8.7 pp1990–2010+2.2 pp2010–2024-1.5 pp

World specialization: 1.48×

Construction5.2%

1970–1990+4.2 pp1990–2010-4.4 pp2010–2024+0.4 pp

World specialization: 0.89×

Trade, restaurants and hotels11.2%

1970–1990-1.0 pp1990–2010-2.9 pp2010–2024-1.5 pp

World specialization: 0.77×

Transport, storage and communication9.2%

1970–1990+0.4 pp1990–2010+1.1 pp2010–2024+0.6 pp

World specialization: 0.94×

Other activities41.6%

1970–1990+8.4 pp1990–2010+9.8 pp2010–2024+2.7 pp

World specialization: 0.94×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

20.7% → 29.1%

Percentage-point change: +8.4 pp

Integration1990–2010

29.1% → 38.9%

Percentage-point change: +9.8 pp

Current era2010–2024

38.9% → 41.6%

Percentage-point change: +2.7 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.37×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities1.48×

Construction0.89×

Trade, restaurants and hotels0.77×

Transport, storage and communication0.94×

Other activities0.94×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Republic of Korea	1970	28.8%	43 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+19.3 pp vs world	21.9%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	5.0%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	16.6%	67 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	7.0%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	20.7%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1971	29.3%	37 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+20.3 pp vs world	20.9%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	4.3%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	17.5%	64 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	6.9%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	21.0%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1972	28.2%	42 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+19.5 pp vs world	22.6%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world	3.9%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	18.3%	49 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	6.8%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	20.1%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-12.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1973	26.2%	52 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	70.9 / 100	+17.0 pp vs world	25.3%	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	4.1%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	19.5%	44 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	7.0%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	17.9%	150 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-13.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1974	25.9%	50 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.0 / 100	+17.3 pp vs world	24.5%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	4.1%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	21.5%	39 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	6.4%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	17.6%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1975	26.5%	48 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	+18.2 pp vs world	24.6%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	4.4%	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	19.8%	44 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	6.5%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	18.2%	146 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1976	25.2%	51 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	71.4 / 100	+17.2 pp vs world	26.1%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	4.2%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	18.5%	49 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	6.5%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	19.4%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1977	23.9%	58 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	67.4 / 100	+16.1 pp vs world	26.2%	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	5.1%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	17.4%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	7.2%	82 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	20.2%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1978	21.9%	56 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	26.3%	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	7.1%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	17.1%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	7.3%	83 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	20.3%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1979	20.4%	58 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	67.4 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	27.0%	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	7.8%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	16.4%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	7.8%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	20.6%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1980	15.7%	75 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	28.0%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	7.4%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	15.9%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	8.4%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	24.6%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1981	16.5%	73 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	28.1%	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	6.4%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	16.2%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	8.9%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	23.9%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1982	15.3%	76 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	28.1%	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	6.8%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	16.3%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	9.2%	47 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	24.2%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1983	13.9%	85 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	29.8%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	7.0%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	16.0%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	8.7%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	24.7%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1984	12.9%	93 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	31.5%	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	6.6%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	16.3%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	8.3%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	24.3%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-11.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1985	12.7%	94 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	31.1%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	6.3%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	16.2%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	7.8%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	25.9%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1986	11.2%	100 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	32.7%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	5.6%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	16.9%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	7.8%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	25.8%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1987	10.0%	104 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	33.6%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	5.8%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	17.4%	64 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	7.5%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	25.7%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-12.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1988	9.8%	105 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	40.6 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	34.0%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	6.0%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	16.7%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	7.2%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	26.2%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1989	9.1%	110 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.1 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	32.5%	31 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	6.9%	48 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	73.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	16.0%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	7.5%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	28.0%	106 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1990	8.1%	133 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	30.6%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	9.2%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	15.6%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	7.4%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	29.1%	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1991	7.2%	137 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	30.6%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	9.9%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	15.1%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	7.4%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	29.8%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1992	7.0%	138 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	29.9%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	9.3%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	14.8%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	7.4%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	31.5%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1993	6.2%	140 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	31.5 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	30.1%	44 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	9.4%	20 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	14.5%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	7.5%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	32.4%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1994	6.0%	144 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	29.6 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	30.9%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	8.7%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	14.0%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	7.5%	114 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	32.9%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1995	5.6%	145 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	31.4%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	8.6%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	13.8%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	7.6%	107 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	33.0%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1996	5.3%	146 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	30.3%	40 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.0 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	8.7%	25 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	13.3%	127 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	7.9%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	34.6%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1997	4.8%	146 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	30.2%	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	8.7%	28 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	12.4%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	8.0%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	35.9%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1998	4.4%	147 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	28.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	30.8%	30 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	7.3%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	11.7%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	8.5%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	37.3%	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1999	4.5%	142 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	31.3%	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	6.4%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	13.0%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	8.9%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	35.9%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2000	4.1%	148 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	27.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	32.3%	40 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.0 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	5.7%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	14.0%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	9.1%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	34.8%	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2001	3.8%	150 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	30.8%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	5.8%	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	13.9%	114 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	9.5%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	36.1%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2002	3.4%	149 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	30.5%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	5.9%	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	13.4%	119 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.2 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	9.7%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	37.1%	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2003	3.2%	152 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	30.0%	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	6.6%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	12.9%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	9.8%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	37.6%	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2004	3.1%	152 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	25.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	31.6%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	6.3%	67 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	12.4%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	9.7%	89 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	36.9%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2005	2.8%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	31.3%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	6.2%	79 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	12.2%	155 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	9.7%	89 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	57.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	37.8%	78 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.8 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2006	2.6%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	30.8%	49 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	76.8 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	6.0%	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	12.4%	153 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	26.2 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	9.5%	92 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	38.7%	76 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2007	2.4%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	30.9%	48 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	5.9%	101 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	12.3%	155 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.2 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	9.5%	93 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	55.3 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	39.1%	74 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2008	2.2%	159 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	30.2%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	5.5%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	12.6%	154 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	9.4%	93 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	40.0%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2009	2.3%	157 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	30.8%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	5.4%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	12.6%	154 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	8.8%	118 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	40.1%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2010	2.2%	156 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.8 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	32.9%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	4.8%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	12.7%	148 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	8.5%	113 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	38.9%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2011	2.3%	156 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	24.8 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	33.5%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world	4.6%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	12.9%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	7.9%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	38.8%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2012	2.3%	154 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.7 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	33.3%	39 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	4.6%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	13.1%	143 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	8.0%	133 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	38.9%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2013	2.2%	158 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	33.5%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	4.7%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	12.9%	148 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	8.1%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	38.7%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2014	2.1%	161 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	33.2%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	4.8%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	12.4%	161 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.1 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	8.3%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	39.2%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2015	2.1%	163 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	21.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	33.0%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	5.1%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	12.2%	163 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	8.5%	127 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	39.1%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2016	1.9%	169 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	18.4 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	32.8%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	5.5%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	12.3%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	8.4%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	39.1%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2017	1.9%	170 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	33.0%	25 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	88.5 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world	5.8%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	12.1%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	8.1%	136 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	39.2%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2018	1.7%	170 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	32.3%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	5.7%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	12.0%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	8.0%	136 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	40.2%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2019	1.6%	171 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	30.8%	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	5.8%	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	12.1%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	8.3%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	41.5%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2020	1.7%	171 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	30.5%	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	5.8%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	11.4%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	8.2%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	42.4%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2021	1.8%	167 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	19.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	30.6%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	5.6%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	11.2%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	9.1%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	41.8%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2022	1.6%	171 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	29.6%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	5.7%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	11.6%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	9.3%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	42.2%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2023	1.6%	171 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	29.4%	46 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	5.6%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	11.5%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	9.3%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	42.6%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2024	1.6%	171 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	31.3%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	5.2%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	11.2%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	9.2%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	41.6%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 28.7% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Republic of Korea was 13.0 percentage points above the world value.

Latest share: 28.7%
World specialization: 1.83×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

18.9% → 27.8%

Percentage-point change: +8.9 pp

Integration1990–2010

27.8% → 30.8%

Percentage-point change: +2.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

30.8% → 28.7%

Percentage-point change: -2.1 pp

Share of total GVA28.7%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity91.4%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth4.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing3.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Republic of Korea	1970	18.9%	56 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	86.3%	63 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.2%	34 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1971	18.1%	59 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.9 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	86.4%	62 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	17.3%	9 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	95.4 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world	0.2%	35 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	80.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1972	20.0%	48 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	88.5%	46 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.3 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	15.1%	21 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	0.2%	33 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1973	23.0%	33 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	90.7%	33 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	30.5%	4 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+21.5 pp vs world	0.2%	34 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1974	22.5%	38 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	92.0%	29 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	84.0 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	16.5%	17 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+15.2 pp vs world	0.3%	30 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1975	22.0%	40 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	77.7 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	89.4%	44 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world	12.8%	21 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	0.3%	31 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1976	23.6%	30 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	90.6%	38 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	21.1%	16 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	0.4%	27 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	85.1 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1977	23.3%	29 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	84.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	89.0%	47 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	16.5%	15 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	92.0 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	0.4%	24 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	-99.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1978	23.5%	27 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	85.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	89.5%	41 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	25.4%	7 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+21.9 pp vs world	0.5%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1979	24.1%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	89.0%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	10.5%	37 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	0.6%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1980	24.5%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	87.5%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	-1.2%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	0.5%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	-99.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1981	24.3%	22 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	86.5%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+13.1 pp vs world	9.5%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	0.6%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1982	24.4%	21 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	88.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	86.7%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	5.4%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	0.6%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	-99.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1983	25.8%	16 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	86.8%	47 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+12.8 pp vs world	17.2%	8 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+15.3 pp vs world	0.8%	19 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	-99.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1984	27.4%	12 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	87.0%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	20.1%	8 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	0.9%	15 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	92.0 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1985	27.0%	16 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	86.8%	45 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	7.3%	48 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.3 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	0.9%	14 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1986	28.3%	11 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	86.5%	47 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	16.5%	10 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world	0.9%	15 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	92.0 / 100	-99.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1987	29.6%	5 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	88.0%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	20.3%	15 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	92.0 / 100	+15.8 pp vs world	1.1%	14 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	-98.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1988	30.5%	6 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	89.7%	23 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	13.6%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	1.4%	11 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	-98.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1989	29.3%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	90.2%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	4.5%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	1.6%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	-98.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1990	27.8%	21 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	90.8%	27 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world	11.5%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	1.6%	12 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	-98.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1991	27.9%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	91.3%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world	14.4%	13 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	1.8%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1992	27.2%	19 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	91.0%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world	6.3%	61 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	1.9%	10 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1993	27.3%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	90.9%	21 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+13.5 pp vs world	7.2%	40 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	2.1%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	-97.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1994	28.2%	10 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	91.1%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	11.9%	24 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	2.4%	7 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1995	28.8%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	91.7%	18 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+13.7 pp vs world	13.4%	33 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.3 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	2.7%	7 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1996	27.7%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	91.6%	16 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	8.8%	46 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.9 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	2.8%	7 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1997	27.6%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	91.5%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+15.5 pp vs world	6.2%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	2.7%	7 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1998	28.0%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world	91.0%	20 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world	-7.3%	190 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.4 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	1.9%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	-98.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	1999	28.4%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	90.5%	25 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+14.6 pp vs world	19.6%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+16.3 pp vs world	2.4%	8 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	-97.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2000	29.4%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	90.9%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+17.0 pp vs world	15.9%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	2.8%	7 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2001	27.9%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	90.4%	23 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+17.7 pp vs world	2.9%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	2.7%	8 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	-97.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2002	27.5%	12 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	90.4%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+18.3 pp vs world	9.2%	38 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	3.0%	7 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2003	27.1%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	90.3%	18 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	91.7 / 100	+18.8 pp vs world	4.8%	86 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	3.0%	7 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2004	29.0%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	91.6%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	10.1%	37 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	3.0%	8 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	-97.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2005	28.7%	8 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	91.7%	16 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+17.8 pp vs world	5.0%	90 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	3.3%	8 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	-96.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2006	28.2%	8 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	91.7%	16 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+19.2 pp vs world	7.7%	70 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	3.3%	6 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	-96.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2007	28.4%	8 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	92.1%	16 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world	7.9%	58 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	3.3%	6 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	-96.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2008	28.6%	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	94.5%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+24.6 pp vs world	3.3%	88 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	2.8%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.2 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2009	28.7%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world	93.4%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+20.8 pp vs world	-1.7%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	2.7%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	-97.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2010	30.8%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+14.0 pp vs world	93.6%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+22.8 pp vs world	14.0%	27 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	3.1%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.9 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2011	31.6%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+14.8 pp vs world	94.5%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+25.2 pp vs world	5.2%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	3.2%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2012	31.3%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+14.6 pp vs world	94.2%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+24.7 pp vs world	1.7%	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	3.2%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2013	31.3%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	93.6%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+23.6 pp vs world	3.5%	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.3%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2014	30.7%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	92.4%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+20.7 pp vs world	3.3%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	3.4%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.6 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2015	30.2%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world	91.4%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+15.2 pp vs world	1.8%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	3.5%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2016	29.9%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world	91.2%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+13.8 pp vs world	2.1%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	3.5%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.5 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2017	30.5%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+13.8 pp vs world	92.5%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+16.4 pp vs world	4.3%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	3.7%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.3 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2018	30.2%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	93.5%	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+18.5 pp vs world	3.4%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	3.6%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.4 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2019	28.6%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	93.1%	9 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+17.5 pp vs world	0.5%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	3.3%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2020	28.0%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	91.8%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world	-2.0%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	3.3%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.7 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2021	28.6%	7 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	93.7%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+18.2 pp vs world	6.5%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	3.2%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-96.8 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2022	28.8%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	97.1%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+25.2 pp vs world	2.5%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	3.0%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-97.0 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2023	27.4%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	93.1%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+19.7 pp vs world	1.5%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	2.9%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	-97.1 pp vs world
Republic of Korea	2024	28.7%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	91.4%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+17.4 pp vs world	4.3%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	3.0%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	-97.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Asia1.32×

Eastern Asia1.17×

World1.83×

Republic of Korea Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure