Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$289.33B2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 49 of 210

Real GDP growth3.3%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$8,4562024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP0.3%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity31.1%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing13.1%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap −2.6 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Peru	1970	$5.84B	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$433	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	46.6 (world = 100)	0.2%	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1971	$6.51B	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	4.6%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$471	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	47.0 (world = 100)	0.2%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1972	$7.21B	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	3.5%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	$507	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	44.9 (world = 100)	0.2%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1973	$8.63B	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	6.3%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	$592	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	43.9 (world = 100)	0.2%	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1974	$10.88B	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	9.4%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	$727	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	48.5 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1975	$13.28B	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	4.3%	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	$866	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	52.6 (world = 100)	0.2%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1976	$12.66B	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	1.4%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	$806	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	46.1 (world = 100)	0.2%	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1977	$11.41B	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.3%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	$708	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	36.6 (world = 100)	0.1%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1978	$9.80B	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-2.6%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	$593	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	26.4 (world = 100)	0.1%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1979	$12.51B	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	4.1%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	$739	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	29.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1980	$16.65B	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	5.9%	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	$959	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	34.4 (world = 100)	0.1%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1981	$20.34B	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	5.6%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	$1,143	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	40.8 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1982	$20.69B	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	-0.2%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$1,134	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	41.5 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1983	$16.05B	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-10.4%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world	$858	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	31.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1984	$16.83B	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	3.6%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	$878	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	31.6 (world = 100)	0.1%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1985	$14.53B	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	2.1%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	$739	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	26.4 (world = 100)	0.1%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1986	$21.60B	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	9.4%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	$1,074	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	33.9 (world = 100)	0.1%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1987	$35.39B	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	9.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	$1,719	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	48.8 (world = 100)	0.2%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1988	$30.91B	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	-9.4%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	$1,468	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	37.9 (world = 100)	0.2%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1989	$34.75B	46 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	74.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	-12.3%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-16.0 pp vs world	$1,614	93 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	40.6 (world = 100)	0.2%	46 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	74.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1990	$29.12B	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-5.0%	169 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	$1,323	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	30.5 (world = 100)	0.1%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1991	$34.35B	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	2.2%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	$1,528	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	34.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1992	$35.88B	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-0.5%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	$1,564	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	33.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1993	$34.64B	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	5.2%	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	$1,480	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	31.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1994	$44.66B	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	12.3%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	$1,870	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	37.6 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1995	$53.37B	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	7.4%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	$2,192	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	40.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1996	$55.27B	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	2.8%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	$2,228	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	40.7 (world = 100)	0.2%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1997	$58.14B	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	6.5%	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	$2,301	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	42.8 (world = 100)	0.2%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1998	$55.49B	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	-0.4%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	$2,156	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	40.9 (world = 100)	0.2%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1999	$50.20B	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	1.5%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	$1,917	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	35.5 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2000	$51.74B	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	2.7%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	$1,945	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	35.4 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2001	$52.05B	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.6%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	$1,930	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	35.8 (world = 100)	0.2%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2002	$54.80B	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	5.5%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	$2,008	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	36.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2003	$58.74B	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	4.2%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	$2,130	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	34.8 (world = 100)	0.1%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	2004	$66.78B	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	5.0%	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$2,398	118 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	35.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2005	$76.08B	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	6.3%	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	$2,707	118 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	37.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2006	$88.66B	54 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	7.5%	57 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	$3,130	118 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	40.1 (world = 100)	0.2%	54 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2007	$102.20B	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	8.5%	47 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	$3,582	118 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	41.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2008	$120.61B	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	9.1%	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	$4,200	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	44.6 (world = 100)	0.2%	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2009	$120.85B	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	1.1%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$4,182	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	47.4 (world = 100)	0.2%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2010	$147.53B	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	8.3%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	$5,072	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	53.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2011	$171.76B	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	6.3%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	$5,861	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	55.9 (world = 100)	0.2%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2012	$192.65B	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	6.1%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	$6,519	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.7 (world = 100)	0.3%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2013	$201.18B	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	5.9%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	$6,747	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	62.8 (world = 100)	0.3%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2014	$200.79B	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	2.4%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$6,667	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	61.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2015	$189.80B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	3.3%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	$6,232	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	61.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2016	$191.90B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	4.0%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	$6,217	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	60.8 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2017	$211.01B	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	2.5%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	$6,736	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	62.6 (world = 100)	0.3%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2018	$222.60B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	4.0%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	$6,978	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	61.7 (world = 100)	0.3%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2019	$228.33B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	2.2%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	$7,036	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	62.0 (world = 100)	0.3%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2020	$201.41B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	-10.9%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	$6,133	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	56.0 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2021	$226.33B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	13.4%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	$6,826	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	55.0 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2022	$246.07B	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	2.8%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	$7,351	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	57.4 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2023	$266.96B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	-0.4%	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	$7,888	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	59.5 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2024	$289.33B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	3.3%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$8,456	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.8 (world = 100)	0.3%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PeruSouth AmericaWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Peru is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PeruSouth AmericaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$5.84B → $29.12B

Compound annual change: +8.4% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$29.12B → $147.53B

Compound annual change: +8.5% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$147.53B → $289.33B

Compound annual change: +4.9% CAGR

Nominal GDP$289.33B2024 · Published series · World rank 49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$241.51B2024 · Published series · World rank 49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP0.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Peru	1970	$5.84B	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$48.34B	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1971	$6.51B	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$50.56B	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1972	$7.21B	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$52.32B	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1973	$8.63B	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$55.60B	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1974	$10.88B	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$60.82B	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1975	$13.28B	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$63.44B	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1976	$12.66B	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$64.36B	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1977	$11.41B	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$64.58B	42 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.8 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.1%	54 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1978	$9.80B	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$62.87B	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1979	$12.51B	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$65.45B	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1980	$16.65B	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$69.34B	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	56 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1981	$20.34B	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$73.18B	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1982	$20.69B	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$73.02B	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1983	$16.05B	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$65.42B	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1984	$16.83B	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$67.78B	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1985	$14.53B	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$69.18B	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1986	$21.60B	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$75.70B	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1987	$35.39B	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$83.06B	43 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	76.3 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1988	$30.91B	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$75.22B	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1989	$34.75B	46 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	74.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$65.96B	54 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	46 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	74.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1990	$29.12B	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$62.67B	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1991	$34.35B	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$64.06B	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1992	$35.88B	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$63.72B	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1993	$34.64B	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$67.06B	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1994	$44.66B	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$75.31B	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1995	$53.37B	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$80.89B	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1996	$55.27B	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$83.16B	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1997	$58.14B	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$88.54B	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1998	$55.49B	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$88.20B	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1999	$50.20B	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$89.52B	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2000	$51.74B	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$91.93B	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2001	$52.05B	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$92.50B	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2002	$54.80B	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$97.54B	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2003	$58.74B	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$101.60B	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	2004	$66.78B	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$106.64B	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2005	$76.08B	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$113.34B	56 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2006	$88.66B	54 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$121.88B	56 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	54 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2007	$102.20B	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$132.26B	54 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2008	$120.61B	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$144.33B	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2009	$120.85B	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$145.91B	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2010	$147.53B	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$158.07B	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2011	$171.76B	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$168.07B	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2012	$192.65B	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$178.39B	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.3%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2013	$201.18B	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$188.83B	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.3%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2014	$200.79B	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$193.33B	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2015	$189.80B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$199.62B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2016	$191.90B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$207.51B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2017	$211.01B	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$212.73B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.3%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2018	$222.60B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$221.18B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.3%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2019	$228.33B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$226.13B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	0.3%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world
Peru	2020	$201.41B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$201.41B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2021	$226.33B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$228.32B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2022	$246.07B	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$234.74B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2023	$266.96B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	$233.79B	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2024	$289.33B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.3 (world = 100)	$241.51B	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	0.2 (world = 100)	0.3%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	-99.7 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

South America$4.34T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Peru is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PeruSouth AmericaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$433 → $1,323

Compound annual change: +5.7% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$1,323 → $5,072

Compound annual change: +7.0% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$5,072 → $8,456

Compound annual change: +3.7% CAGR

GDP per person$8,4562024 · Published series · World rank 104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$7,0582024 · Published series · World rank 104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Peru	1970	$433	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	46.6 (world = 100)	$3,580	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	69.0 (world = 100)
Peru	1971	$471	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	47.0 (world = 100)	$3,654	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	69.0 (world = 100)
Peru	1972	$507	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	44.9 (world = 100)	$3,682	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	67.3 (world = 100)
Peru	1973	$592	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	43.9 (world = 100)	$3,813	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	66.7 (world = 100)
Peru	1974	$727	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	48.5 (world = 100)	$4,067	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	71.0 (world = 100)
Peru	1975	$866	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	52.6 (world = 100)	$4,137	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	73.0 (world = 100)
Peru	1976	$806	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	46.1 (world = 100)	$4,095	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	69.9 (world = 100)
Peru	1977	$708	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	36.6 (world = 100)	$4,009	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	66.9 (world = 100)
Peru	1978	$593	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	26.4 (world = 100)	$3,807	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	61.9 (world = 100)
Peru	1979	$739	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	29.0 (world = 100)	$3,865	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	61.5 (world = 100)
Peru	1980	$959	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	34.4 (world = 100)	$3,994	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	63.5 (world = 100)
Peru	1981	$1,143	105 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	40.8 (world = 100)	$4,112	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	65.3 (world = 100)
Peru	1982	$1,134	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	41.5 (world = 100)	$4,002	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	64.4 (world = 100)
Peru	1983	$858	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	31.2 (world = 100)	$3,497	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	55.8 (world = 100)
Peru	1984	$878	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	31.6 (world = 100)	$3,535	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	54.8 (world = 100)
Peru	1985	$739	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	26.4 (world = 100)	$3,521	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	53.7 (world = 100)
Peru	1986	$1,074	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	33.9 (world = 100)	$3,763	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	56.6 (world = 100)
Peru	1987	$1,719	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	48.8 (world = 100)	$4,036	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	59.7 (world = 100)
Peru	1988	$1,468	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	37.9 (world = 100)	$3,573	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	51.5 (world = 100)
Peru	1989	$1,614	93 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	40.6 (world = 100)	$3,063	98 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	43.3 (world = 100)
Peru	1990	$1,323	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	30.5 (world = 100)	$2,847	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	39.8 (world = 100)
Peru	1991	$1,528	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	34.1 (world = 100)	$2,849	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	40.0 (world = 100)
Peru	1992	$1,564	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	33.1 (world = 100)	$2,777	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	38.8 (world = 100)
Peru	1993	$1,480	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	31.2 (world = 100)	$2,864	117 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.4 / 100	40.0 (world = 100)
Peru	1994	$1,870	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	37.6 (world = 100)	$3,154	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	43.2 (world = 100)
Peru	1995	$2,192	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	40.3 (world = 100)	$3,322	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	44.8 (world = 100)
Peru	1996	$2,228	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	40.7 (world = 100)	$3,352	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	44.3 (world = 100)
Peru	1997	$2,301	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	42.8 (world = 100)	$3,503	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	45.2 (world = 100)
Peru	1998	$2,156	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	40.9 (world = 100)	$3,427	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	43.6 (world = 100)
Peru	1999	$1,917	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	35.5 (world = 100)	$3,418	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	42.6 (world = 100)
Peru	2000	$1,945	106 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	35.4 (world = 100)	$3,456	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	41.8 (world = 100)
Peru	2001	$1,930	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	35.8 (world = 100)	$3,430	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	41.2 (world = 100)
Peru	2002	$2,008	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	36.3 (world = 100)	$3,574	114 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	42.5 (world = 100)
Peru	2003	$2,130	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	34.8 (world = 100)	$3,684	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	43.1 (world = 100)
Peru	2004	$2,398	118 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	35.2 (world = 100)	$3,829	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	43.4 (world = 100)
Peru	2005	$2,707	118 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	37.2 (world = 100)	$4,033	113 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	44.6 (world = 100)
Peru	2006	$3,130	118 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	40.1 (world = 100)	$4,303	109 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	46.1 (world = 100)
Peru	2007	$3,582	118 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	41.2 (world = 100)	$4,636	108 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	48.2 (world = 100)
Peru	2008	$4,200	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	44.6 (world = 100)	$5,026	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	51.9 (world = 100)
Peru	2009	$4,182	116 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.0 / 100	47.4 (world = 100)	$5,049	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	53.6 (world = 100)
Peru	2010	$5,072	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	53.2 (world = 100)	$5,435	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	55.9 (world = 100)
Peru	2011	$5,861	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	55.9 (world = 100)	$5,735	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	57.9 (world = 100)
Peru	2012	$6,519	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.7 (world = 100)	$6,037	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	60.1 (world = 100)
Peru	2013	$6,747	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	62.8 (world = 100)	$6,333	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	62.1 (world = 100)
Peru	2014	$6,667	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	61.2 (world = 100)	$6,419	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	61.8 (world = 100)
Peru	2015	$6,232	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	61.2 (world = 100)	$6,554	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.9 (world = 100)
Peru	2016	$6,217	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	60.8 (world = 100)	$6,723	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	62.5 (world = 100)
Peru	2017	$6,736	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	62.6 (world = 100)	$6,791	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.8 (world = 100)
Peru	2018	$6,978	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	61.7 (world = 100)	$6,934	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	61.8 (world = 100)
Peru	2019	$7,036	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	62.0 (world = 100)	$6,969	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	61.1 (world = 100)
Peru	2020	$6,133	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	56.0 (world = 100)	$6,133	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	56.0 (world = 100)
Peru	2021	$6,826	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	55.0 (world = 100)	$6,886	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	59.5 (world = 100)
Peru	2022	$7,351	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	57.4 (world = 100)	$7,012	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	59.2 (world = 100)
Peru	2023	$7,888	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	59.5 (world = 100)	$6,908	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	57.1 (world = 100)
Peru	2024	$8,456	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	61.8 (world = 100)	$7,058	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	57.3 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

South America$9,9682024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Peru is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PeruSouth AmericaWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

4.6% → -5.0%

Average annual rate: +1.5%

Integration1990–2010

-5.0% → 8.3%

Average annual rate: +4.3%

Current era2010–2024

8.3% → 3.3%

Average annual rate: +3.5%

Real GDP growth3.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth2.2%2024 · Published series · World rank 102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator128.62024 · Published series · World rank 72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Peru	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1971	4.6%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	2.0%	100 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1972	3.5%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	0.8%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1973	6.3%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	3.6%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1974	9.4%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	6.7%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1975	4.3%	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	1.7%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1976	1.4%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	-1.0%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1977	0.3%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	-2.1%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1978	-2.6%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	-5.0%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1979	4.1%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	1.5%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1980	5.9%	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	3.3%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1981	5.6%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	3.0%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1982	-0.2%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	-2.7%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1983	-10.4%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world	-12.6%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-13.6 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1984	3.6%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	1.1%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1985	2.1%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-0.4%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1986	9.4%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	6.9%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1987	9.7%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	7.2%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1988	-9.4%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	-11.5%	173 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.8 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world	0.0	172 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	3.4 / 100
Peru	1989	-12.3%	176 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.1 / 100	-16.0 pp vs world	-14.3%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-16.1 pp vs world	0.0	169 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100
Peru	1990	-5.0%	169 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	-7.1%	171 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	2.5	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100
Peru	1991	2.2%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	0.1%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	11.9	131 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100
Peru	1992	-0.5%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	-2.5%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	20.1	118 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100
Peru	1993	5.2%	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	3.1%	63 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.8 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	29.4	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100
Peru	1994	12.3%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	10.1%	7 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	37.2	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100
Peru	1995	7.4%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	5.3%	44 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	42.5	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100
Peru	1996	2.8%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	0.9%	142 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.2 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	46.7	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100
Peru	1997	6.5%	50 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	4.5%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	50.1	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100
Peru	1998	-0.4%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	-2.2%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	52.7	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100
Peru	1999	1.5%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	-0.2%	150 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	54.3	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100
Peru	2000	2.7%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	1.1%	145 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	56.2	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100
Peru	2001	0.6%	163 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-0.7%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	56.5	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100
Peru	2002	5.5%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	4.2%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	56.5	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100
Peru	2003	4.2%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	3.1%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	57.5	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100
Peru	2004	5.0%	105 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	3.9%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	61.2	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100
Peru	2005	6.3%	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	5.3%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	63.3	107 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100
Peru	2006	7.5%	57 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	6.7%	49 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	76.8 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	68.1	103 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100
Peru	2007	8.5%	47 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	7.7%	41 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	69.2	107 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100
Peru	2008	9.1%	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	8.4%	13 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	69.9	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100
Peru	2009	1.1%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	0.5%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	71.4	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100
Peru	2010	8.3%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	7.6%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	75.4	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100
Peru	2011	6.3%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	5.5%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	80.5	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100
Peru	2012	6.1%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	5.3%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	81.5	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100
Peru	2013	5.9%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	4.9%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	82.4	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100
Peru	2014	2.4%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	1.4%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	84.4	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100
Peru	2015	3.3%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	2.1%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	86.6	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100
Peru	2016	4.0%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	2.6%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	89.3	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100
Peru	2017	2.5%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	1.0%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	92.5	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100
Peru	2018	4.0%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	2.1%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	94.6	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100
Peru	2019	2.2%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	0.5%	150 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	96.4	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100
Peru	2020	-10.9%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	-12.0%	179 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Peru	2021	13.4%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	12.3%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	110.1	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100
Peru	2022	2.8%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	1.8%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	115.0	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100
Peru	2023	-0.4%	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	-1.5%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	122.3	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100
Peru	2024	3.3%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	2.2%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	128.6	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

South America2.6%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Peru is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PeruSouth AmericaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

88.5% → 82.8%

Percentage-point change: -5.7 pp

Integration1990–2010

82.8% → 72.3%

Percentage-point change: -10.6 pp

Current era2010–2024

72.3% → 75.0%

Percentage-point change: +2.7 pp

Final consumption75.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption61.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption13.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand94.4%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Peru	1970	88.5%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+15.8 pp vs world	71.2%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world	17.3%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	101.8%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Peru	1971	88.9%	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+15.9 pp vs world	71.4%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	17.5%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	104.4%	84 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.8 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
Peru	1972	91.8%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+18.9 pp vs world	73.1%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+16.3 pp vs world	18.6%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	104.7%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world
Peru	1973	88.3%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+16.7 pp vs world	69.8%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	18.6%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	105.7%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world
Peru	1974	87.4%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	71.0%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	+15.4 pp vs world	16.4%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	109.5%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world
Peru	1975	92.7%	51 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+19.1 pp vs world	75.2%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+18.6 pp vs world	17.5%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	113.8%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world
Peru	1976	92.2%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+19.3 pp vs world	74.9%	46 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	+18.8 pp vs world	17.3%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	110.9%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world
Peru	1977	94.5%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+21.6 pp vs world	74.5%	47 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+18.3 pp vs world	20.0%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	110.9%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world
Peru	1978	85.6%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	69.8%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+13.8 pp vs world	15.9%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	102.2%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Peru	1979	74.1%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	61.9%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	12.2%	125 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	92.7%	154 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.1 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world
Peru	1980	78.0%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	62.2%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	15.9%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	101.5%	122 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Peru	1981	80.3%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	64.1%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	16.2%	92 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	107.1%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world
Peru	1982	80.6%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	62.7%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	17.9%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	107.3%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world
Peru	1983	83.8%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	65.9%	82 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	17.8%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	103.8%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world
Peru	1984	79.6%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	63.8%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	15.9%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	98.6%	128 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Peru	1985	79.3%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	63.2%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	16.1%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	97.8%	125 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
Peru	1986	85.6%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world	69.1%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	16.5%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	104.7%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world
Peru	1987	86.3%	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	68.2%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world	18.0%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	105.8%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world
Peru	1988	79.6%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	65.9%	80 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	13.6%	108 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	101.9%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
Peru	1989	84.5%	69 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world	69.6%	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	14.8%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	102.3%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Peru	1990	82.8%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	71.2%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+13.1 pp vs world	11.6%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	100.9%	119 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Peru	1991	85.1%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	77.2%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+19.1 pp vs world	7.9%	191 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.9 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world	102.3%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Peru	1992	85.7%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	77.7%	47 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+19.4 pp vs world	8.0%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	103.0%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
Peru	1993	84.7%	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	76.5%	48 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+17.7 pp vs world	8.1%	189 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	103.9%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world
Peru	1994	81.2%	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	72.3%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	8.9%	180 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.3 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	103.4%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world
Peru	1995	81.0%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	71.1%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	9.9%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	105.7%	80 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	61.3 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world
Peru	1996	82.4%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	72.1%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	10.4%	163 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	105.0%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world
Peru	1997	80.7%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	70.5%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world	10.2%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	104.5%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world
Peru	1998	82.3%	103 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	71.4%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	11.0%	162 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	105.5%	98 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world
Peru	1999	81.8%	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	70.2%	78 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world	11.5%	159 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	102.4%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Peru	2000	82.4%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	70.9%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	11.5%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	102.0%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Peru	2001	83.7%	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	72.0%	72 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.2 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	11.7%	160 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	101.9%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Peru	2002	82.7%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	71.6%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world	11.2%	166 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	100.7%	124 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Peru	2003	82.1%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	70.6%	81 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	11.5%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	99.6%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Peru	2004	79.3%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	68.0%	87 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	11.3%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	96.1%	152 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
Peru	2005	76.4%	127 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	39.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	64.9%	100 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	11.4%	155 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	25.2 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	93.7%	166 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	19.9 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world
Peru	2006	71.1%	148 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	60.1%	124 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	10.9%	158 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.8 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	90.7%	169 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	18.4 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world
Peru	2007	70.6%	148 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	29.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	60.2%	118 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	10.5%	163 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	21.4 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	92.6%	163 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	21.4 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world
Peru	2008	72.8%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	62.4%	111 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	10.4%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	99.0%	147 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Peru	2009	75.2%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	63.8%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	11.5%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	95.2%	166 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.7 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world
Peru	2010	72.3%	153 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	61.7%	117 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.2 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	10.5%	178 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.9 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	96.0%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world
Peru	2011	70.8%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	60.4%	126 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.9 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	10.4%	180 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	95.0%	158 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.5 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world
Peru	2012	73.1%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	62.2%	113 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.2 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	10.9%	178 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.9 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	97.7%	146 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Peru	2013	74.6%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	63.1%	112 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	11.5%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	100.2%	134 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Peru	2014	77.0%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	64.6%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	12.4%	162 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	101.6%	120 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.8 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world
Peru	2015	78.3%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	65.3%	98 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	13.0%	156 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	102.6%	111 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world
Peru	2016	78.2%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	65.0%	96 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	13.2%	151 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	100.2%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Peru	2017	77.4%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	64.1%	102 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	13.2%	147 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	98.1%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
Peru	2018	76.9%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	63.9%	108 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	13.1%	142 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	98.2%	145 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	30.8 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Peru	2019	78.0%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	64.8%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	13.2%	143 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	98.9%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Peru	2020	80.0%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	64.2%	99 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	15.8%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	98.2%	147 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Peru	2021	74.6%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	60.9%	118 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	13.7%	146 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	30.3 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	97.0%	147 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world
Peru	2022	77.3%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	63.9%	104 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	13.4%	139 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	99.6%	134 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	36.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Peru	2023	77.3%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	63.8%	102 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	13.6%	136 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	96.5%	150 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world
Peru	2024	75.0%	142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	61.6%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	13.4%	141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	94.4%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

South America82.0%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Peru is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PeruSouth AmericaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

13.3% → 18.1%

Percentage-point change: +4.8 pp

Integration1990–2010

18.1% → 23.8%

Percentage-point change: +5.7 pp

Current era2010–2024

23.8% → 19.4%

Percentage-point change: -4.3 pp

Gross capital formation19.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 148 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation20.8%2024 · Published series · World rank 125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories-1.4%2024 · Published series · World rank 148 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Peru	1970	13.3%	147 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-14.5 pp vs world	13.3%	137 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable
Peru	1971	15.5%	133 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	25.0 / 100	-12.0 pp vs world	13.9%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	1.6%	64 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world
Peru	1972	12.9%	148 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	16.5 / 100	-14.5 pp vs world	14.3%	138 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	22.2 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	-1.4%	123 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	10.9 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world
Peru	1973	17.4%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world	18.0%	115 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.2 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	-0.6%	120 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world
Peru	1974	22.1%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	20.9%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	1.2%	91 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Peru	1975	21.1%	111 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	20.1%	112 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	0.9%	78 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Peru	1976	18.7%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	18.8%	123 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	-0.1%	103 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Peru	1977	16.4%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world	18.9%	118 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	-2.5%	132 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world
Peru	1978	16.5%	139 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-12.0 pp vs world	18.1%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	-1.6%	125 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	10.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world
Peru	1979	18.5%	135 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	19.0%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	-0.5%	117 of 142 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world
Peru	1980	23.5%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	21.5%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	2.0%	57 of 143 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Peru	1981	26.8%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	23.8%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	3.0%	33 of 144 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world
Peru	1982	26.7%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	25.2%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	1.5%	53 of 145 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Peru	1983	20.1%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	21.0%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-0.9%	116 of 146 · highest-to-lowest	20.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Peru	1984	19.0%	114 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	20.6%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-1.6%	130 of 147 · highest-to-lowest	11.6 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world
Peru	1985	18.5%	121 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.8 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	19.6%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	-1.1%	128 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
Peru	1986	19.1%	112 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	19.7%	103 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	-0.6%	122 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Peru	1987	19.5%	111 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	19.5%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	0.0%	106 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world
Peru	1988	22.4%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	22.6%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	-0.2%	121 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world
Peru	1989	17.8%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	19.1%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	-1.3%	139 of 152 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world
Peru	1990	18.1%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	19.2%	135 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	-1.1%	151 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	13.3 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Peru	1991	17.2%	151 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.5 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	16.5%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	0.8%	91 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Peru	1992	17.3%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	16.4%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	0.8%	82 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Peru	1993	19.3%	127 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.2 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	18.3%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	1.0%	67 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	60.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Peru	1994	22.2%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	21.1%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	1.1%	83 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Peru	1995	24.7%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	24.0%	69 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.7 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.8%	94 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	45.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Peru	1996	22.6%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	22.2%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	0.4%	103 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Peru	1997	23.8%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	23.5%	81 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	0.3%	112 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	35.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Peru	1998	23.2%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	23.2%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	0.1%	132 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Peru	1999	20.7%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	21.2%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-0.6%	137 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world
Peru	2000	19.6%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	19.7%	120 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	-0.0%	146 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Peru	2001	18.2%	156 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	24.0 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	18.0%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	0.2%	121 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Peru	2002	18.0%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	16.7%	160 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	1.2%	57 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Peru	2003	17.5%	160 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.1 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	16.9%	158 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	0.6%	90 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Peru	2004	16.9%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	16.8%	161 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	0.1%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Peru	2005	17.3%	172 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	17.1%	165 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	20.4 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	0.2%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
Peru	2006	19.7%	151 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.2 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	17.8%	161 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	22.3 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	1.9%	46 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	74.9 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Peru	2007	22.0%	141 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	20.0%	146 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	29.6 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	2.0%	50 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Peru	2008	26.2%	96 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	23.4%	112 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	2.8%	44 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world
Peru	2009	20.0%	141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	22.1%	114 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-2.2%	165 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
Peru	2010	23.8%	97 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	53.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	23.5%	87 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	58.7 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	0.2%	126 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.4 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Peru	2011	24.2%	94 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.3 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	23.3%	92 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	0.9%	92 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Peru	2012	24.6%	95 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	25.0%	73 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	-0.4%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Peru	2013	25.6%	77 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.5 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	25.3%	70 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	0.3%	109 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world
Peru	2014	24.7%	91 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	24.5%	76 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	0.1%	130 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world
Peru	2015	24.3%	96 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	23.1%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	1.2%	56 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Peru	2016	22.0%	114 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	21.4%	118 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	0.6%	85 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Peru	2017	20.7%	131 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	37.5 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	20.6%	127 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	0.1%	137 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	21.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Peru	2018	21.3%	135 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	20.9%	123 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	41.3 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	0.4%	122 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Peru	2019	20.8%	138 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	21.0%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	-0.1%	148 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	15.0 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world
Peru	2020	18.2%	152 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	27.4 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	19.9%	128 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	-1.8%	162 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Peru	2021	22.3%	117 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.2 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	23.1%	94 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.3 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	-0.8%	160 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	6.5 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world
Peru	2022	22.4%	129 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	23.3%	90 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	-0.9%	162 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	4.7 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world
Peru	2023	19.2%	153 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	21.2%	121 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.3 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	-2.0%	165 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	2.4 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world
Peru	2024	19.4%	148 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	20.8%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	-1.4%	148 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

South America17.4%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Peru is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PeruSouth AmericaWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

42.9% → 29.8%

Percentage-point change: -13.1 pp

Integration1990–2010

29.8% → 51.7%

Percentage-point change: +21.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

51.7% → 51.5%

Percentage-point change: -0.2 pp

Exports28.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports22.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports5.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness51.5%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Peru	1970	22.6%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	20.4%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	2.2%	34 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.4 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	42.9%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	+20.4 pp vs world
Peru	1971	17.9%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	19.0%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	-1.2%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	36.9%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world
Peru	1972	17.9%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	18.6%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	-0.7%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	36.6%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	+13.2 pp vs world
Peru	1973	17.4%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	19.8%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	-2.4%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	37.1%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world
Peru	1974	18.5%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	27.8%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	-9.3%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	46.3%	127 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world
Peru	1975	13.6%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	27.6%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	-14.0%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	41.2%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world
Peru	1976	15.3%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	25.5%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	-10.2%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	40.8%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world
Peru	1977	20.2%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	28.6%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world	-8.4%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	48.8%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	+16.9 pp vs world
Peru	1978	26.2%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	25.3%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	1.0%	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	51.5%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+20.2 pp vs world
Peru	1979	35.1%	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	+18.2 pp vs world	24.1%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	11.1%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	59.2%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+25.2 pp vs world
Peru	1980	28.3%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	28.1%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	0.2%	39 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	56.3%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+19.4 pp vs world
Peru	1981	20.6%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	28.1%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	-7.5%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	48.7%	124 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	30.5 / 100	+12.3 pp vs world
Peru	1982	19.8%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	27.0%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	-7.1%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	46.8%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	+12.5 pp vs world
Peru	1983	22.9%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	24.2%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	-1.2%	63 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	65.0 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	47.1%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world
Peru	1984	23.6%	110 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	38.4 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	18.8%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	4.8%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	42.4%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world
Peru	1985	25.3%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	19.3%	140 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	6.0%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	44.7%	129 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world
Peru	1986	15.4%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	18.0%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	-2.7%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	33.4%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world
Peru	1987	11.7%	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	15.2%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	-3.5%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	27.0%	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world
Peru	1988	14.5%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	15.4%	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-0.9%	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	29.8%	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
Peru	1989	15.4%	141 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	21.3 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	15.3%	161 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	10.1 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	0.1%	62 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	30.8%	158 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	11.8 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world
Peru	1990	15.2%	162 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	14.6%	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	0.6%	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	29.8%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world
Peru	1991	12.3%	179 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	14.6%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	-2.3%	94 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	26.9%	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world
Peru	1992	12.6%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	15.6%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	-3.0%	97 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.2 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	28.2%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world
Peru	1993	12.6%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	16.4%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	-3.9%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	29.0%	185 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world
Peru	1994	12.9%	182 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.7 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	16.3%	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	-3.4%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	29.2%	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world
Peru	1995	12.6%	182 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.7 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	18.3%	187 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-5.7%	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	30.9%	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world
Peru	1996	13.3%	177 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	18.3%	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	-5.0%	113 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.4 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	31.7%	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world
Peru	1997	14.5%	177 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	19.0%	187 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	-4.5%	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	33.5%	184 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	10.7 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world
Peru	1998	13.7%	180 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.7 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	19.3%	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	-5.5%	108 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	33.0%	189 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.3 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world
Peru	1999	15.4%	171 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.1 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	17.8%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	-2.4%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	33.2%	188 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	8.8 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world
Peru	2000	16.8%	173 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.1 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	18.8%	191 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.3 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-2.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	35.5%	186 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.8 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world
Peru	2001	16.6%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	18.5%	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	-1.9%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	35.1%	190 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	7.8 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world
Peru	2002	17.3%	175 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.1 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	18.0%	195 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	5.4 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	-0.7%	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	35.2%	187 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world
Peru	2003	19.0%	168 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.5 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	18.6%	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	0.4%	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	37.6%	187 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world
Peru	2004	22.9%	155 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	19.0%	196 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	4.9 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	3.9%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	41.9%	181 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	12.2 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world
Peru	2005	26.8%	144 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	20.5%	195 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	6.3%	44 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.2 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	47.4%	177 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	15.0 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world
Peru	2006	30.5%	128 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	21.2%	195 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	6.3 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	9.3%	39 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	81.6 / 100	+8.6 pp vs world	51.8%	174 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Peru	2007	31.5%	122 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	24.2%	188 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	9.7 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	7.4%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	55.7%	166 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world
Peru	2008	29.7%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	28.7%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	1.0%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	58.4%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world
Peru	2009	26.4%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	21.7%	192 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	8.6 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	4.8%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	48.1%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world
Peru	2010	27.8%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	23.8%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	4.0%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	51.7%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world
Peru	2011	30.5%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	25.5%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	5.0%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	56.0%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world
Peru	2012	27.4%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	25.2%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	2.3%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	52.6%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world
Peru	2013	24.8%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	25.0%	187 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.0 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	-0.2%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	49.8%	175 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world
Peru	2014	22.6%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	24.2%	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	-1.6%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	46.9%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world
Peru	2015	21.3%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	23.9%	188 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.5 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	-2.6%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	45.2%	181 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.9 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world
Peru	2016	22.6%	153 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	22.8%	182 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	13.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	-0.2%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	45.4%	176 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world
Peru	2017	24.7%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	22.8%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	1.9%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	47.5%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world
Peru	2018	25.2%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	23.4%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	1.8%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	48.6%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
Peru	2019	24.0%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	22.9%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	1.1%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	46.9%	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world
Peru	2020	23.0%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	21.2%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	1.8%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	44.2%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world
Peru	2021	29.2%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	26.2%	173 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.7 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	3.0%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	55.4%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Peru	2022	28.8%	142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	28.5%	171 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.7 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	0.4%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	57.3%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world
Peru	2023	27.1%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	23.6%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	3.5%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	50.8%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world
Peru	2024	28.5%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	22.9%	186 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	11.5 / 100	-5.2 pp vs world	5.6%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	51.5%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

South America40.5%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 31.1%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing7.9%

1970–1990-11.9 pp1990–2010-0.5 pp2010–2024+0.5 pp

World specialization: 1.86×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities28.9%

1970–1990-1.6 pp1990–2010+3.7 pp2010–2024-3.4 pp

World specialization: 1.37×

Construction7.8%

1970–1990+1.1 pp1990–2010+2.9 pp2010–2024+1.0 pp

World specialization: 1.36×

Trade, restaurants and hotels16.3%

1970–1990+7.0 pp1990–2010-7.4 pp2010–2024+1.1 pp

World specialization: 1.13×

Transport, storage and communication7.9%

1970–1990-0.3 pp1990–2010-0.4 pp2010–2024-0.8 pp

World specialization: 0.81×

Other activities31.1%

1970–1990+6.2 pp1990–2010+1.7 pp2010–2024+1.5 pp

World specialization: 0.70×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

21.7% → 27.9%

Percentage-point change: +6.2 pp

Integration1990–2010

27.9% → 29.5%

Percentage-point change: +1.7 pp

Current era2010–2024

29.5% → 31.1%

Percentage-point change: +1.5 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing1.86×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities1.37×

Construction1.36×

Trade, restaurants and hotels1.13×

Transport, storage and communication0.81×

Other activities0.70×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Peru	1970	19.8%	72 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	59.4 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	30.2%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	2.8%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	15.6%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	9.4%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	21.7%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world
Peru	1971	19.4%	70 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	60.6 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	28.9%	49 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	3.0%	147 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	17.5 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	16.8%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	9.5%	42 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.7 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	22.0%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world
Peru	1972	18.2%	81 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	28.3%	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	3.5%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	17.1%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	9.7%	35 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	22.5%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world
Peru	1973	17.5%	78 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	30.5%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	3.5%	139 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	17.1%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	9.8%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	21.3%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world
Peru	1974	16.8%	83 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	30.5%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	3.8%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	18.3%	49 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	10.8%	24 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	86.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	19.8%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world
Peru	1975	17.6%	76 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	26.0%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	3.6%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	20.6%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	11.6%	16 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	20.2%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world
Peru	1976	16.1%	81 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	29.4%	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	3.5%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	20.4%	40 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.8 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	11.5%	16 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	19.5%	138 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	22.6 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world
Peru	1977	15.7%	83 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	31.1%	41 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	77.4 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	3.3%	151 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	18.8%	48 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.3 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	12.4%	11 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	18.6%	145 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world
Peru	1978	12.6%	101 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	39.0%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	2.6%	164 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	7.9 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	18.4%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	10.5%	28 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	16.9%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-16.2 pp vs world
Peru	1979	10.3%	104 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	47.5%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+16.7 pp vs world	2.0%	168 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.6 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	17.5%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	9.1%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	13.7%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-19.4 pp vs world
Peru	1980	8.7%	113 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	36.0 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	48.5%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+17.4 pp vs world	2.2%	167 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	16.8%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	9.1%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	14.7%	160 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	10.2 / 100	-18.9 pp vs world
Peru	1981	9.3%	107 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	42.1%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world	2.7%	163 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	8.5 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	18.1%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	9.6%	43 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	18.2%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-16.0 pp vs world
Peru	1982	8.9%	109 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	40.2%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	3.7%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	18.1%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	9.1%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	20.0%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-15.2 pp vs world
Peru	1983	9.6%	106 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	40.4%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	2.7%	157 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	19.2%	45 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	8.2%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	19.9%	152 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-15.9 pp vs world
Peru	1984	10.1%	104 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	41.0%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	2.6%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	18.5%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	8.6%	64 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	19.1%	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-16.8 pp vs world
Peru	1985	8.7%	107 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	42.5%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+13.7 pp vs world	2.9%	148 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.9 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	18.5%	49 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	9.1%	55 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	18.3%	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-18.4 pp vs world
Peru	1986	11.7%	96 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	28.4%	45 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	3.5%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	23.7%	27 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	9.1%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	23.6%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world
Peru	1987	11.0%	96 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	25.1%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	3.7%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	24.2%	28 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	9.3%	56 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	26.8%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world
Peru	1988	9.2%	110 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	30.2%	44 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	75.7 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	4.4%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	22.9%	30 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.5 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	8.8%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	24.5%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-14.1 pp vs world
Peru	1989	8.5%	113 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	27.2%	57 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	68.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	3.8%	128 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	28.7 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	23.1%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	9.1%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	28.5%	102 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	43.3 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world
Peru	1990	7.9%	134 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	28.5%	63 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	3.9%	147 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	22.6%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	9.1%	70 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	66.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	27.9%	118 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world
Peru	1991	8.4%	130 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	36.5 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	24.1%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	3.7%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	22.3%	31 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	8.4%	87 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	33.1%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world
Peru	1992	8.5%	124 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	24.8%	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	3.8%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	21.5%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	9.2%	68 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	32.2%	91 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	56.1 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world
Peru	1993	9.0%	119 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	41.9 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	25.5%	76 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	4.8%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	21.7%	31 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	9.0%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	30.0%	112 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world
Peru	1994	9.2%	115 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	26.1%	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	6.0%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	21.4%	34 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.8 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	8.9%	77 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	28.3%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world
Peru	1995	8.9%	120 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	41.4 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	25.2%	74 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	7.1%	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	21.2%	32 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	84.8 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	8.9%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	28.6%	124 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	40.0 / 100	-13.5 pp vs world
Peru	1996	9.4%	112 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	45.3 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	25.3%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	6.7%	63 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	20.9%	35 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	8.8%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	29.0%	120 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-13.4 pp vs world
Peru	1997	8.9%	112 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	45.3 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	25.4%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	7.0%	53 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	20.7%	36 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	9.1%	81 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	28.9%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world
Peru	1998	9.3%	109 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	24.5%	69 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.8 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	7.0%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	20.2%	41 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	9.1%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	30.0%	122 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.0 / 100	-13.4 pp vs world
Peru	1999	9.1%	108 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	25.4%	63 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	69.8 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	6.1%	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	19.3%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	9.1%	87 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	31.0%	118 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world
Peru	2000	8.9%	102 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	26.4%	65 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.8 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	5.5%	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	18.5%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	9.2%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	31.6%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	-12.0 pp vs world
Peru	2001	8.6%	106 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	26.5%	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	5.3%	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	18.3%	53 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	74.5 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	8.8%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	32.5%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	-12.0 pp vs world
Peru	2002	8.2%	110 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	26.9%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	5.3%	102 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	17.6%	57 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	72.5 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	8.4%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	33.5%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world
Peru	2003	8.0%	109 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	27.4%	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	5.3%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	17.0%	63 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.6 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	8.5%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	33.7%	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world
Peru	2004	7.6%	108 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	30.6%	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	5.3%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	16.1%	88 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	8.2%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	32.2%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	-12.2 pp vs world
Peru	2005	7.5%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	32.6%	38 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	82.1 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	5.2%	124 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	40.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	15.3%	100 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	8.0%	131 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	31.5%	117 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-12.7 pp vs world
Peru	2006	7.2%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	35.7%	35 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	5.3%	123 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	14.5%	113 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	7.7%	141 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	29.7%	132 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-14.2 pp vs world
Peru	2007	7.3%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	35.5%	37 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	82.6 / 100	+12.0 pp vs world	5.6%	112 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	14.2%	123 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	40.8 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	8.3%	126 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	39.3 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	29.0%	135 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-14.6 pp vs world
Peru	2008	7.8%	99 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	33.4%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+9.4 pp vs world	6.1%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	15.3%	106 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	8.5%	113 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.2 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	28.8%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world
Peru	2009	8.1%	100 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	30.2%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	6.4%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	15.3%	104 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	9.0%	114 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	31.0%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world
Peru	2010	7.5%	103 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	32.3%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+8.6 pp vs world	6.8%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	15.2%	102 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	8.7%	110 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	47.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	29.5%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world
Peru	2011	7.7%	102 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	34.1%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+9.8 pp vs world	6.3%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	15.4%	100 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	8.2%	120 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.8 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	28.3%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world
Peru	2012	7.4%	100 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	31.8%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	7.1%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	16.1%	91 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	8.3%	120 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	42.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	29.4%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world
Peru	2013	7.3%	104 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	29.6%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	7.6%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	16.3%	84 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	60.1 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	8.6%	113 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.2 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	30.6%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-12.7 pp vs world
Peru	2014	7.5%	101 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	27.0%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	7.8%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	16.4%	86 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	8.9%	109 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	48.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	32.4%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world
Peru	2015	7.7%	98 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	25.6%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	7.6%	56 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	16.5%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	9.6%	91 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	33.0%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world
Peru	2016	7.6%	97 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	26.1%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	7.2%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	16.4%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	9.6%	87 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	58.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	33.1%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world
Peru	2017	7.4%	101 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	26.9%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	7.1%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	16.3%	89 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	9.3%	98 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	33.0%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world
Peru	2018	7.5%	98 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	27.0%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	7.4%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	16.2%	93 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	8.9%	112 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	33.1%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world
Peru	2019	7.5%	98 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	25.9%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	7.3%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	16.3%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	9.1%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	34.0%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world
Peru	2020	8.4%	97 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	25.5%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	7.3%	63 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.3 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	14.4%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	8.8%	101 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	35.5%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world
Peru	2021	7.8%	99 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	30.8%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	8.3%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	14.9%	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	7.6%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	30.7%	144 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-13.3 pp vs world
Peru	2022	7.8%	97 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	29.7%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	8.4%	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	16.1%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	7.3%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	30.7%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world
Peru	2023	7.8%	95 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	28.8%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	7.9%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	16.5%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	7.8%	135 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	31.1%	136 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	-12.9 pp vs world
Peru	2024	7.9%	95 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	28.9%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	7.8%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	16.3%	94 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	7.9%	131 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.8 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	31.1%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-13.4 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 13.1% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Peru was 2.6 percentage points below the world value.

Latest share: 13.1%
World specialization: 0.84×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

14.6% → 20.0%

Percentage-point change: +5.4 pp

Integration1990–2010

20.0% → 17.0%

Percentage-point change: -3.0 pp

Current era2010–2024

17.0% → 13.1%

Percentage-point change: -3.9 pp

Share of total GVA13.1%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity45.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth3.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing0.2%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Peru	1970	14.6%	85 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world	48.4%	144 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	18.3 / 100	-35.7 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.1%	47 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1971	15.5%	81 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	53.7%	139 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-30.0 pp vs world	5.7%	79 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	0.1%	46 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1972	15.1%	83 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	53.4%	137 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	22.3 / 100	-30.3 pp vs world	2.1%	133 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	24.6 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	0.1%	49 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1973	14.9%	85 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	49.0%	142 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	19.4 / 100	-34.1 pp vs world	6.5%	97 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	0.1%	49 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	72.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1974	15.5%	81 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	50.8%	133 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	24.6 / 100	-28.4 pp vs world	8.4%	51 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	71.4 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	0.1%	48 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	73.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1975	14.6%	82 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	56.2%	129 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-22.9 pp vs world	3.1%	75 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	+6.0 pp vs world	0.1%	46 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1976	15.5%	81 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	52.8%	136 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-26.0 pp vs world	3.6%	116 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	0.1%	47 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1977	14.3%	87 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	50.9 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	45.8%	140 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-32.6 pp vs world	-1.7%	148 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	16.0 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	0.1%	54 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	69.7 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1978	14.9%	84 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	38.2%	151 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	14.3 / 100	-40.8 pp vs world	-4.0%	160 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	0.1%	59 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	66.9 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1979	14.1%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	29.7%	155 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-47.5 pp vs world	4.1%	101 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	0.1%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1980	11.7%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world	24.2%	158 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-49.4 pp vs world	5.7%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.1%	55 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1981	11.2%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world	26.7%	157 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.4 / 100	-46.7 pp vs world	0.7%	110 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	0.1%	55 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1982	11.6%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	28.8%	153 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-45.3 pp vs world	-1.2%	119 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	0.1%	55 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.3 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1983	11.4%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	28.1%	156 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-45.9 pp vs world	-18.1%	173 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-20.0 pp vs world	0.1%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1984	12.4%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	30.2%	156 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	11.9 / 100	-44.5 pp vs world	5.7%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	0.1%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1985	15.3%	82 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	-6.4 pp vs world	36.0%	150 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-39.5 pp vs world	4.5%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	0.1%	57 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	68.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1986	17.2%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	60.7%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-18.6 pp vs world	15.6%	12 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+13.5 pp vs world	0.1%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1987	17.0%	74 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	67.7%	108 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world	12.8%	31 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	83.0 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	0.2%	45 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1988	22.4%	36 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	80.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	74.3%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	-11.2%	168 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-16.9 pp vs world	0.2%	45 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1989	18.6%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	68.6%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world	-15.7%	169 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.5 / 100	-18.4 pp vs world	0.1%	47 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1990	20.0%	62 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	70.2%	123 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	-5.8%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	0.1%	55 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.5 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1991	17.4%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	72.5%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	6.2%	46 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	77.9 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	0.1%	54 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1992	17.6%	81 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	71.2%	123 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	-2.4%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	0.1%	53 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	74.5 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1993	17.8%	71 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	69.8%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	4.8%	60 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	71.1 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	0.1%	52 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1994	17.7%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	68.0%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	14.8%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+11.3 pp vs world	0.1%	50 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1995	17.0%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	67.7%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	5.7%	95 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.9 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	0.1%	50 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	1996	16.9%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	67.0%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	1.8%	126 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	38.7 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	0.2%	49 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1997	17.0%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	66.8%	131 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.3 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	4.5%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	0.2%	49 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1998	16.4%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	67.1%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	-2.7%	170 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-4.1 pp vs world	0.2%	51 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	1999	16.1%	76 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	63.6%	132 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.8 / 100	-12.3 pp vs world	-1.4%	161 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	0.1%	52 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	2000	16.7%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	63.3%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	5.6%	100 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.5 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	0.1%	50 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Peru	2001	17.0%	71 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	64.3%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	0.9%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	0.2%	50 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2002	16.9%	68 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	63.1%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	6.6%	56 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	73.0 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	0.2%	50 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2003	16.9%	67 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	61.5%	136 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	3.9%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	0.2%	52 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	75.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2004	18.0%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	58.7%	137 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-17.8 pp vs world	7.4%	61 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	0.2%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2005	18.2%	53 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.9 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	55.8%	146 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	30.0 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world	6.6%	68 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	67.3 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	0.2%	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2006	18.0%	53 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.9 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	50.5%	154 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-22.1 pp vs world	7.3%	78 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	62.6 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	0.2%	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2007	18.0%	48 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	50.7%	149 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	28.5 / 100	-21.8 pp vs world	10.6%	36 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	83.0 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	0.2%	53 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	74.9 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2008	17.7%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	53.0%	146 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-16.9 pp vs world	8.5%	37 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	82.6 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world	0.2%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2009	16.7%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	55.3%	142 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.5 / 100	-17.3 pp vs world	-6.5%	132 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	0.2%	51 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.1 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2010	17.0%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	52.7%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-18.1 pp vs world	10.1%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.2%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2011	16.4%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	48.1%	145 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-21.2 pp vs world	8.3%	58 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	0.2%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2012	16.6%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	52.3%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world	1.3%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	0.2%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2013	16.3%	52 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	55.0%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-15.0 pp vs world	5.2%	54 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	0.2%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2014	15.4%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	56.8%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	-1.1%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	0.2%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2015	15.1%	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	59.0%	130 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	-17.2 pp vs world	-0.9%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	0.2%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2016	14.5%	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	55.7%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-21.7 pp vs world	-0.1%	157 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	0.2%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2017	14.1%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	52.4%	143 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	32.1 / 100	-23.7 pp vs world	0.6%	153 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	0.2%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2018	14.3%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	53.0%	141 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.0 / 100	-22.0 pp vs world	5.8%	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	0.2%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2019	14.0%	73 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.6 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	54.1%	140 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	33.5 / 100	-21.4 pp vs world	-1.2%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	0.2%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2020	13.3%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	52.0%	139 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-25.6 pp vs world	-12.5%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	0.2%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2021	13.2%	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	42.8%	156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.8 / 100	-32.6 pp vs world	18.5%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+9.6 pp vs world	0.2%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2022	13.5%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	45.5%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-26.4 pp vs world	1.7%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	0.2%	47 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2023	13.7%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	47.3%	149 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.2 / 100	-26.1 pp vs world	-6.6%	190 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world	0.2%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world
Peru	2024	13.1%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	45.3%	156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.8 / 100	-28.8 pp vs world	3.9%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	0.2%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	-99.8 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

South America0.93×

World0.84×

Peru Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure