Three fixed historical periods

Read the economy through three eras

Every chart uses the same labeled periods. There is no page-wide selection to remember as you move between topics.

Formation1970–1990

Integration1990–2010

Current era2010–2024

01 · Economic overview

What should a reader know first?

Latest values orient the reader; the three-era analysis below shows how the economic record developed.

Nominal GDP$86.26B2024 · Latest current-price total · World rank 78 of 210

Real GDP growth2.9%2024 · Latest constant-price annual change · Constant-price annual change

GDP per capita$19,1032024 · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted · Current U.S. dollars; not PPP adjusted

Share of world GDP0.1%2024 · Share of the official world total · Official world aggregate denominator

Largest broad activity32.9%2024 · Largest broad production activity · Other activities

Manufacturing5.0%2024 · Share of total gross value added · World gap −10.7 pp

Economic overview annual rank and index table55 annual rows

Annual core economic measures, world ranks and comparable world indices. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic overview annual rank and index table

Panama	1970	$1.17B	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	$770	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	83.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1971	$1.31B	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	9.6%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	$845	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	84.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1972	$1.44B	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.6%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$903	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	79.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1973	$1.65B	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	5.4%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	$1,005	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	74.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1974	$1.89B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.4%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$1,119	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	74.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1975	$2.12B	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.6%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	$1,221	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	74.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1976	$2.25B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.6%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	$1,264	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	72.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1977	$2.38B	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.1%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	$1,308	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	67.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1978	$2.82B	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	9.8%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	$1,513	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	67.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1979	$3.23B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.5%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	$1,691	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	66.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1980	$4.12B	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	15.2%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	$2,104	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	75.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1981	$4.64B	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	8.9%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	$2,314	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	82.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1982	$4.91B	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.9%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	$2,393	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	87.7 (world = 100)	0.0%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1983	$5.16B	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-1.5%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	$2,456	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	89.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1984	$5.46B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.2%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	$2,537	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	91.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1985	$5.82B	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	5.1%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	$2,643	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	94.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1986	$6.15B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.5%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	$2,730	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	86.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1987	$6.34B	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.0%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	$2,754	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	78.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1988	$5.66B	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	-10.1%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world	$2,408	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	62.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1989	$5.68B	84 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.6%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	$2,363	79 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	56.2 / 100	59.5 (world = 100)	0.0%	84 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1990	$6.17B	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	8.1%	27 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	$2,514	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	58.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1991	$6.79B	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	9.4%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	$2,707	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	60.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1992	$7.72B	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	8.2%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	$3,013	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	63.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1993	$8.43B	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	5.5%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	$3,223	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	68.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1994	$8.99B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.9%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	$3,367	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	67.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1995	$9.19B	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.8%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	$3,372	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	62.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1996	$9.47B	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.8%	136 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	$3,407	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	62.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1997	$10.25B	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.5%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	$3,612	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	67.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1998	$11.11B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	7.3%	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	$3,839	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	72.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1999	$11.64B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	3.9%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	$3,944	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	73.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2000	$11.81B	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.7%	144 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	$3,922	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	71.4 (world = 100)	0.0%	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2001	$12.00B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.6%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	$3,909	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	72.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2002	$12.47B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	2.2%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	$3,985	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	72.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2003	$13.14B	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	4.2%	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	$4,120	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	67.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2004	$14.41B	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	7.5%	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	$4,432	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	65.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2005	$15.71B	94 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	7.2%	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	$4,743	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	65.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	94 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2006	$17.41B	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	8.5%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	$5,159	94 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	66.2 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2007	$21.30B	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	12.1%	18 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	91.8 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	$6,195	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	71.3 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2008	$25.24B	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	10.2%	15 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	$7,210	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	76.6 (world = 100)	0.0%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2009	$27.30B	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	1.6%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	$7,658	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	86.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2010	$29.73B	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	6.2%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	$8,194	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	85.9 (world = 100)	0.0%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2011	$35.14B	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	11.7%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	$9,515	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	90.8 (world = 100)	0.0%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2012	$41.10B	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	10.1%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	$10,933	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	103.4 (world = 100)	0.1%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2013	$46.51B	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	7.3%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	$12,158	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	113.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2014	$51.08B	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	5.4%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	$13,124	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	120.4 (world = 100)	0.1%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2015	$55.53B	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	6.1%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	$14,023	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	137.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2016	$59.64B	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	5.3%	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	$14,803	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	144.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2017	$64.28B	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	5.9%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	$15,683	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	145.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2018	$67.32B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	4.0%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	$16,151	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	142.9 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2019	$69.78B	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	3.1%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	$16,478	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	145.2 (world = 100)	0.1%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2020	$57.06B	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	-17.8%	195 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	$13,291	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	121.3 (world = 100)	0.1%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2021	$67.40B	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	16.5%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	$15,510	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	124.9 (world = 100)	0.1%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2022	$76.28B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	10.8%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	$17,332	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	135.4 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2023	$83.32B	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	7.4%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	$18,686	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	141.0 (world = 100)	0.1%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2024	$86.26B	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	2.9%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	$19,103	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	139.7 (world = 100)	0.1%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

The long view

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Indexing allows the country and benchmark trajectories to be compared without confusing their very different economic sizes.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PanamaCentral AmericaWorldConstant prices · U.S. dollars · index, shared start = 100

02 · Economic size and world position

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Full historical record

Nominal GDP

Nominal scale, real volume and share of world output provide three distinct views of economic size.

Panama is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PanamaCentral AmericaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars

Formation1970–1990

$1.17B → $6.17B

Compound annual change: +8.7% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$6.17B → $29.73B

Compound annual change: +8.2% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$29.73B → $86.26B

Compound annual change: +7.9% CAGR

Nominal GDP$86.26B2024 · Published series · World rank 78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP$81.32B2024 · Published series · World rank 75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world GDP0.1%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the economic size and world position section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Economic size and world position: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Panama	1970	$1.17B	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.20B	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1971	$1.31B	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$6.79B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1972	$1.44B	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.11B	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1973	$1.65B	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.49B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1974	$1.89B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.67B	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1975	$2.12B	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.79B	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1976	$2.25B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$7.92B	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1977	$2.38B	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$8.01B	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1978	$2.82B	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$8.80B	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1979	$3.23B	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$9.19B	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1980	$4.12B	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$10.59B	83 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1981	$4.64B	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$11.53B	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1982	$4.91B	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$11.98B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1983	$5.16B	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$11.79B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1984	$5.46B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.05B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1985	$5.82B	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.66B	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1986	$6.15B	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.23B	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1987	$6.34B	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.63B	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1988	$5.66B	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.24B	81 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.8 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1989	$5.68B	84 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$12.44B	80 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	84 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1990	$6.17B	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$13.44B	95 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	98 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1991	$6.79B	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$14.71B	93 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	96 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	53.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1992	$7.72B	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$15.91B	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	55.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1993	$8.43B	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$16.78B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1994	$8.99B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.26B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1995	$9.19B	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$17.56B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1996	$9.47B	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$18.06B	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1997	$10.25B	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$19.22B	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1998	$11.11B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$20.64B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1999	$11.64B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$21.44B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2000	$11.81B	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$22.03B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2001	$12.00B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$22.15B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2002	$12.47B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$22.65B	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2003	$13.14B	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$23.60B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	89 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2004	$14.41B	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$25.37B	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2005	$15.71B	94 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$27.20B	86 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	94 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2006	$17.41B	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$29.52B	87 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2007	$21.30B	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$33.09B	87 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	95 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	54.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2008	$25.24B	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$36.48B	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2009	$27.30B	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$37.05B	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	92 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2010	$29.73B	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$39.34B	87 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2011	$35.14B	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	0.0 (world = 100)	$43.93B	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.0%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2012	$41.10B	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$48.39B	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2013	$46.51B	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$51.90B	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	89 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.9 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2014	$51.08B	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$54.71B	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2015	$55.53B	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$58.03B	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2016	$59.64B	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$61.11B	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2017	$64.28B	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$64.74B	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2018	$67.32B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$67.34B	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2019	$69.78B	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$69.43B	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2020	$57.06B	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$57.06B	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2021	$67.40B	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$66.46B	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2022	$76.28B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$73.61B	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2023	$83.32B	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$79.06B	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world
Panama	2024	$86.26B	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	$81.32B	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	0.1 (world = 100)	0.1%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	-99.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Current U.S.-dollar GDP reflects domestic prices and exchange rates as well as production. It is not PPP adjusted.

Latest common comparison

Central America$2.24T2024

World$111.57T2024

03 · Output and income per person

What does the record show per person?

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Full historical record

GDP per person

Current and constant-price per-person measures separate present-dollar scale from real change.

Panama is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PanamaCentral AmericaWorldCurrent prices · U.S. dollars per person

Formation1970–1990

$770 → $2,514

Compound annual change: +6.1% CAGR

Integration1990–2010

$2,514 → $8,194

Compound annual change: +6.1% CAGR

Current era2010–2024

$8,194 → $19,103

Compound annual change: +6.2% CAGR

GDP per person$19,1032024 · Published series · World rank 72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP per person$18,0092024 · Published series · World rank 68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the output and income per person section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Output and income per person: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Panama	1970	$770	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	83.0 (world = 100)	$4,096	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	78.9 (world = 100)
Panama	1971	$845	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	84.4 (world = 100)	$4,365	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	82.4 (world = 100)
Panama	1972	$903	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	79.9 (world = 100)	$4,442	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	81.1 (world = 100)
Panama	1973	$1,005	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	74.6 (world = 100)	$4,557	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	79.8 (world = 100)
Panama	1974	$1,119	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	74.6 (world = 100)	$4,545	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	79.4 (world = 100)
Panama	1975	$1,221	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	74.2 (world = 100)	$4,499	71 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	79.4 (world = 100)
Panama	1976	$1,264	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	72.4 (world = 100)	$4,458	74 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	76.1 (world = 100)
Panama	1977	$1,308	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	67.6 (world = 100)	$4,397	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	73.4 (world = 100)
Panama	1978	$1,513	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	67.2 (world = 100)	$4,713	75 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	58.2 / 100	76.7 (world = 100)
Panama	1979	$1,691	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	66.4 (world = 100)	$4,808	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	76.5 (world = 100)
Panama	1980	$2,104	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	75.4 (world = 100)	$5,409	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	86.0 (world = 100)
Panama	1981	$2,314	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	82.6 (world = 100)	$5,754	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	91.4 (world = 100)
Panama	1982	$2,393	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	87.7 (world = 100)	$5,836	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	94.0 (world = 100)
Panama	1983	$2,456	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	89.4 (world = 100)	$5,614	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	89.5 (world = 100)
Panama	1984	$2,537	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	91.4 (world = 100)	$5,602	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	86.9 (world = 100)
Panama	1985	$2,643	66 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.3 / 100	94.4 (world = 100)	$5,752	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	87.7 (world = 100)
Panama	1986	$2,730	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	86.1 (world = 100)	$5,875	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	88.4 (world = 100)
Panama	1987	$2,754	68 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.1 / 100	78.2 (world = 100)	$5,919	72 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.9 / 100	87.5 (world = 100)
Panama	1988	$2,408	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	62.2 (world = 100)	$5,204	77 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.1 / 100	75.0 (world = 100)
Panama	1989	$2,363	79 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	56.2 / 100	59.5 (world = 100)	$5,173	78 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	56.7 / 100	73.2 (world = 100)
Panama	1990	$2,514	87 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	58.0 (world = 100)	$5,474	85 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.0 / 100	76.5 (world = 100)
Panama	1991	$2,707	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	60.4 (world = 100)	$5,864	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	82.3 (world = 100)
Panama	1992	$3,013	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	63.9 (world = 100)	$6,213	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	86.8 (world = 100)
Panama	1993	$3,223	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	68.1 (world = 100)	$6,418	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	89.5 (world = 100)
Panama	1994	$3,367	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	67.6 (world = 100)	$6,466	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	88.7 (world = 100)
Panama	1995	$3,372	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	62.0 (world = 100)	$6,446	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	87.0 (world = 100)
Panama	1996	$3,407	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	62.2 (world = 100)	$6,495	77 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.9 / 100	85.9 (world = 100)
Panama	1997	$3,612	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	67.2 (world = 100)	$6,777	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	87.5 (world = 100)
Panama	1998	$3,839	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	72.8 (world = 100)	$7,131	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	90.7 (world = 100)
Panama	1999	$3,944	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	73.0 (world = 100)	$7,265	78 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.4 / 100	90.5 (world = 100)
Panama	2000	$3,922	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	71.4 (world = 100)	$7,317	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100	88.4 (world = 100)
Panama	2001	$3,909	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100	72.6 (world = 100)	$7,217	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	86.6 (world = 100)
Panama	2002	$3,985	84 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	59.5 / 100	72.1 (world = 100)	$7,237	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	86.1 (world = 100)
Panama	2003	$4,120	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	67.3 (world = 100)	$7,398	82 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.5 / 100	86.5 (world = 100)
Panama	2004	$4,432	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	65.1 (world = 100)	$7,805	79 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	62.0 / 100	88.6 (world = 100)
Panama	2005	$4,743	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	65.1 (world = 100)	$8,210	81 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	90.7 (world = 100)
Panama	2006	$5,159	94 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	66.2 (world = 100)	$8,746	80 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	61.8 / 100	93.8 (world = 100)
Panama	2007	$6,195	92 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	71.3 (world = 100)	$9,628	78 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.8 / 100	100.2 (world = 100)
Panama	2008	$7,210	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	76.6 (world = 100)	$10,420	77 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	107.7 (world = 100)
Panama	2009	$7,658	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	86.8 (world = 100)	$10,395	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	110.3 (world = 100)
Panama	2010	$8,194	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	85.9 (world = 100)	$10,842	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	111.6 (world = 100)
Panama	2011	$9,515	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	90.8 (world = 100)	$11,895	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	120.1 (world = 100)
Panama	2012	$10,933	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	103.4 (world = 100)	$12,872	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	128.1 (world = 100)
Panama	2013	$12,158	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	113.1 (world = 100)	$13,567	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	133.0 (world = 100)
Panama	2014	$13,124	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	120.4 (world = 100)	$14,056	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	135.3 (world = 100)
Panama	2015	$14,023	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	137.7 (world = 100)	$14,655	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	138.4 (world = 100)
Panama	2016	$14,803	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	144.7 (world = 100)	$15,167	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	141.1 (world = 100)
Panama	2017	$15,683	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	145.7 (world = 100)	$15,795	67 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	143.7 (world = 100)
Panama	2018	$16,151	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	142.9 (world = 100)	$16,158	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	143.9 (world = 100)
Panama	2019	$16,478	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	145.2 (world = 100)	$16,396	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	143.8 (world = 100)
Panama	2020	$13,291	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	121.3 (world = 100)	$13,291	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	121.3 (world = 100)
Panama	2021	$15,510	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	124.9 (world = 100)	$15,293	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	132.2 (world = 100)
Panama	2022	$17,332	70 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	135.4 (world = 100)	$16,727	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	141.2 (world = 100)
Panama	2023	$18,686	69 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.5 / 100	141.0 (world = 100)	$17,731	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100	146.7 (world = 100)
Panama	2024	$19,103	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	139.7 (world = 100)	$18,009	68 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	67.9 / 100	146.1 (world = 100)

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

GDP per person is an accounting average, not a measure of household income distribution or living costs.

Latest common comparison

Central America$12,2292024

World$13,6732024

04 · Real growth and output prices

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Full historical record

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth, per-person growth and the implicit deflator answer different questions.

Panama is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PanamaCentral AmericaWorldConstant prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

9.6% → 8.1%

Average annual rate: +4.1%

Integration1990–2010

8.1% → 6.2%

Average annual rate: +5.7%

Current era2010–2024

6.2% → 2.9%

Average annual rate: +5.7%

Real GDP growth2.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real GDP-per-person growth1.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Implicit GDP deflator106.12024 · Published series · World rank 199 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the real growth and output prices section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Real growth and output prices: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Panama	1970	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	18.8	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100
Panama	1971	9.6%	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	6.6%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	19.4	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100
Panama	1972	4.6%	94 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	1.8%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	20.3	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100
Panama	1973	5.4%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	2.6%	98 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	22.1	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100
Panama	1974	2.4%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	-0.3%	141 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.9 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	24.6	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100
Panama	1975	1.6%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	-1.0%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	27.1	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100
Panama	1976	1.6%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	-0.9%	137 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	28.4	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100
Panama	1977	1.1%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	-1.4%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	29.7	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100
Panama	1978	9.8%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world	7.2%	30 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.6 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	32.1	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100
Panama	1979	4.5%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	2.0%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	35.2	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100
Panama	1980	15.2%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	12.5%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	38.9	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100
Panama	1981	8.9%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	6.4%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	40.2	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100
Panama	1982	3.9%	48 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	73.4 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	1.4%	61 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	66.1 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	41.0	32 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	82.5 / 100
Panama	1983	-1.5%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	-3.8%	134 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	43.8	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100
Panama	1984	2.2%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	-0.2%	121 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	45.3	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100
Panama	1985	5.1%	53 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	70.6 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	2.7%	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	45.9	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100
Panama	1986	4.5%	69 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.6 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	2.1%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	46.5	28 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100
Panama	1987	3.0%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	0.8%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	46.5	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100
Panama	1988	-10.1%	175 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world	-12.1%	174 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	2.3 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world	46.3	46 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	74.6 / 100
Panama	1989	1.6%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	-0.6%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	45.7	56 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100
Panama	1990	8.1%	27 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	5.8%	27 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	45.9	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100
Panama	1991	9.4%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	7.1%	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	46.2	61 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.7 / 100
Panama	1992	8.2%	32 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.9 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	6.0%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	48.5	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100
Panama	1993	5.5%	52 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	3.3%	57 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.7 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	50.2	60 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100
Panama	1994	2.9%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	0.8%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	52.1	60 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100
Panama	1995	1.8%	156 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	-0.3%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	52.3	72 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	65.4 / 100
Panama	1996	2.8%	136 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	0.8%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	52.5	80 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.5 / 100
Panama	1997	6.5%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	4.3%	66 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	68.3 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	53.3	83 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	60.0 / 100
Panama	1998	7.3%	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	5.2%	45 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	53.8	81 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100
Panama	1999	3.9%	88 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	1.9%	110 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.8 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	54.3	86 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100
Panama	2000	2.7%	144 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.2 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	0.7%	153 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.9 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	53.6	99 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	52.2 / 100
Panama	2001	0.6%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	-1.4%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	54.2	101 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100
Panama	2002	2.2%	126 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	0.3%	142 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.2 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	55.1	104 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100
Panama	2003	4.2%	100 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	2.2%	115 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	55.7	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100
Panama	2004	7.5%	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	5.5%	58 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	56.8	111 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100
Panama	2005	7.2%	54 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	74.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	5.2%	62 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	70.2 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	57.8	116 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100
Panama	2006	8.5%	43 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	6.5%	51 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.8 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	59.0	127 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	39.1 / 100
Panama	2007	12.1%	18 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	91.8 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	10.1%	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	64.3	119 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	43.0 / 100
Panama	2008	10.2%	15 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	8.2%	15 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	69.2	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100
Panama	2009	1.6%	81 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.7 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	-0.2%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	73.7	114 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.9 / 100
Panama	2010	6.2%	71 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	4.3%	72 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	66.0 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	75.6	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100
Panama	2011	11.7%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	9.7%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	80.0	115 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100
Panama	2012	10.1%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	8.2%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	84.9	105 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.2 / 100
Panama	2013	7.3%	32 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.2 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	5.4%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	89.6	83 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100
Panama	2014	5.4%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	3.6%	64 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	93.4	65 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	69.4 / 100
Panama	2015	6.1%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	4.3%	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	95.7	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100
Panama	2016	5.3%	45 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	3.5%	57 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	97.6	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100
Panama	2017	5.9%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	4.1%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	99.3	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100
Panama	2018	4.0%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	2.3%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	100.0	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100
Panama	2019	3.1%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	1.5%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	100.5	44 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.4 / 100
Panama	2020	-17.8%	195 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.2 / 100	-14.9 pp vs world	-18.9%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-15.1 pp vs world	100.0	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100
Panama	2021	16.5%	10 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	15.1%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world	101.4	178 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100
Panama	2022	10.8%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	9.4%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	103.6	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100
Panama	2023	7.4%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	6.0%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	105.4	197 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.2 / 100
Panama	2024	2.9%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+0.0 pp vs world	1.6%	123 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.6 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	106.1	199 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

The implicit GDP deflator covers domestically produced output and is not a consumer price index. Annual growth can be volatile.

Latest common comparison

Central America1.8%2024

World2.8%2024

05 · Consumption and domestic demand

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Full historical record

Final Consumption

Household and government consumption sit inside final consumption; domestic demand also includes capital formation.

Panama is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PanamaCentral AmericaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

82.0% → 77.7%

Percentage-point change: -4.3 pp

Integration1990–2010

77.7% → 68.8%

Percentage-point change: -8.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

68.8% → 55.5%

Percentage-point change: -13.3 pp

Final consumption55.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 199 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Household consumption43.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 186 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Government consumption11.5%2024 · Published series · World rank 165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Domestic demand97.3%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the consumption and domestic demand section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Consumption and domestic demand: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Panama	1970	82.0%	88 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.8 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	69.2%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	12.7%	109 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.6 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	108.5%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world
Panama	1971	79.3%	96 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.3 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	65.9%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	13.4%	103 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	108.2%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world
Panama	1972	78.4%	99 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	63.1%	100 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	15.3%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	108.7%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world
Panama	1973	75.4%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	60.6%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	14.8%	93 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.7 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	107.3%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world
Panama	1974	81.1%	78 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	56.5 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	65.7%	83 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world	15.4%	84 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.8 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	113.1%	46 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	74.4 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world
Panama	1975	80.8%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	64.5%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	16.3%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	109.9%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+9.5 pp vs world
Panama	1976	79.4%	93 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	62.7%	97 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	45.5 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	16.8%	83 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	109.4%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world
Panama	1977	84.4%	67 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+11.5 pp vs world	67.5%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+11.4 pp vs world	16.9%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	106.8%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world
Panama	1978	82.3%	80 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	65.6%	84 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.8 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	16.7%	83 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	107.4%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world
Panama	1979	85.0%	64 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	64.4 / 100	+12.4 pp vs world	67.9%	67 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	+11.8 pp vs world	17.1%	78 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	111.4%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+10.5 pp vs world
Panama	1980	79.0%	101 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world	62.9%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	16.1%	83 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	105.0%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
Panama	1981	77.8%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	62.2%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	15.7%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	104.2%	104 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world
Panama	1982	74.4%	132 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	56.1%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	18.4%	80 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	100.6%	127 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	28.4 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world
Panama	1983	84.0%	84 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+9.0 pp vs world	66.5%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+8.6 pp vs world	17.5%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	101.0%	116 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	34.7 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Panama	1984	91.7%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+17.3 pp vs world	73.3%	53 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+15.7 pp vs world	18.3%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	105.6%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world
Panama	1985	90.0%	59 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+15.1 pp vs world	72.0%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	18.0%	78 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	104.2%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world
Panama	1986	85.9%	73 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	67.4%	78 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	18.5%	74 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	101.7%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Panama	1987	82.3%	85 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.5 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	62.9%	96 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.0 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	19.4%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	98.7%	123 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world
Panama	1988	77.9%	103 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	60.1%	101 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	43.2 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	17.8%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	84.4%	170 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	4.0 / 100	-16.3 pp vs world
Panama	1989	88.4%	53 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	72.0%	58 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	67.8 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	16.4%	82 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	54.2 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	93.7%	153 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	14.1 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world
Panama	1990	77.7%	125 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	62.3%	109 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.1 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	15.4%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	92.2%	180 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.3 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world
Panama	1991	79.5%	116 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	43.9 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world	64.5%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+6.4 pp vs world	14.9%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	96.0%	163 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
Panama	1992	75.2%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	61.6%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	13.5%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	95.6%	169 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
Panama	1993	74.1%	155 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	61.2%	121 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	12.9%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	95.4%	168 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.1 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world
Panama	1994	71.2%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	58.6%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	12.6%	136 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.8 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	94.4%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world
Panama	1995	69.4%	172 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	16.6 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	56.5%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	12.9%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-3.5 pp vs world	95.5%	167 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	18.6 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world
Panama	1996	70.9%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world	57.6%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	13.3%	121 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	41.2 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	97.2%	149 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world
Panama	1997	68.8%	174 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	15.6 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	56.5%	146 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	28.9 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	12.3%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	94.1%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world
Panama	1998	73.5%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	61.0%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	12.5%	144 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	100.3%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world
Panama	1999	74.2%	152 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	61.4%	118 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	12.8%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	99.6%	137 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Panama	2000	71.9%	155 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	59.0%	129 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	13.0%	139 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	95.7%	152 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	26.0 / 100	-4.2 pp vs world
Panama	2001	74.4%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	60.6%	123 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	13.7%	133 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	91.7%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world
Panama	2002	77.8%	121 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	41.5 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	63.2%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	14.6%	123 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	93.3%	162 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world
Panama	2003	74.7%	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	61.0%	124 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world	13.8%	130 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	93.4%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world
Panama	2004	76.4%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	63.0%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	13.4%	130 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	94.8%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world
Panama	2005	74.0%	139 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	61.1%	121 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	41.7 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	12.9%	135 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	92.1%	170 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world
Panama	2006	72.1%	141 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	32.4 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	60.0%	125 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	12.2%	143 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	91.3%	165 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	20.4 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world
Panama	2007	70.6%	149 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	28.5 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	58.1%	131 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	36.9 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	12.5%	137 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	34.0 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	106.7%	93 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	55.3 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world
Panama	2008	67.8%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	55.8%	142 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.2 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	12.0%	144 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-4.8 pp vs world	110.0%	91 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.7 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world
Panama	2009	67.2%	172 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	18.2 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	55.4%	149 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	11.8%	159 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	24.0 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	98.6%	149 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Panama	2010	68.8%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	56.4%	141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	12.4%	154 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.4 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	106.8%	91 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	56.7 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world
Panama	2011	65.8%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	54.2%	149 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	11.6%	160 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	23.6 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	104.0%	105 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world
Panama	2012	62.1%	177 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	15.8 / 100	-11.6 pp vs world	51.6%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	10.5%	183 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	105.2%	100 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	52.4 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world
Panama	2013	61.3%	180 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-12.3 pp vs world	50.9%	169 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	10.3%	183 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.5 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	104.7%	103 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world
Panama	2014	61.9%	185 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-11.6 pp vs world	52.2%	164 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-4.4 pp vs world	9.7%	186 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	105.7%	90 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	57.2 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world
Panama	2015	59.7%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	49.8%	173 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.3 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	9.9%	184 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	12.0 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	102.1%	114 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	45.7 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Panama	2016	60.8%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-13.1 pp vs world	50.3%	172 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.8 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	10.5%	179 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	14.4 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	101.1%	118 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	43.8 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Panama	2017	59.7%	194 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	7.7 / 100	-13.6 pp vs world	48.8%	176 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	10.9%	175 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.3 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	101.2%	116 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	44.7 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world
Panama	2018	60.2%	191 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	9.1 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world	49.3%	171 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	18.3 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	11.0%	170 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	18.8 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	101.4%	113 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	46.2 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world
Panama	2019	61.9%	188 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	10.5 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	50.8%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	11.1%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	100.0%	125 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	40.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world
Panama	2020	72.2%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	57.5%	135 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	14.7%	143 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	96.2%	167 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	20.2 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world
Panama	2021	65.6%	174 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	17.2 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	51.9%	153 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	13.7%	147 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.8 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	96.9%	149 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	28.8 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world
Panama	2022	61.5%	183 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	12.9 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	48.7%	173 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	17.3 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	12.8%	148 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	97.5%	153 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	26.9 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world
Panama	2023	53.5%	200 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	4.8 / 100	-19.5 pp vs world	42.4%	189 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	9.6 / 100	-14.0 pp vs world	11.1%	174 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	16.8 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	96.6%	148 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world
Panama	2024	55.5%	199 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	5.3 / 100	-17.8 pp vs world	43.9%	186 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	11.1 / 100	-12.7 pp vs world	11.5%	165 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	21.2 / 100	-5.0 pp vs world	97.3%	141 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Parent aggregates and their components should not be added together. Shares describe composition, not the quality of spending.

Latest common comparison

Central America81.8%2024

World73.2%2024

06 · Investment and capital formation

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Full historical record

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation combines fixed investment and inventory change as shares of GDP.

Panama is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PanamaCentral AmericaWorldCurrent prices · national currency · percent

Formation1970–1990

26.5% → 14.5%

Percentage-point change: -12.0 pp

Integration1990–2010

14.5% → 38.0%

Percentage-point change: +23.4 pp

Current era2010–2024

38.0% → 41.9%

Percentage-point change: +3.9 pp

Gross capital formation41.9%2024 · Published series · World rank 5 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Gross fixed capital formation37.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 6 of 209 · highest-to-lowest

Changes in inventories4.3%2024 · Published series · World rank 16 of 163 · highest-to-lowest

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the investment and capital formation section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Investment and capital formation: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Panama	1970	26.5%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	20.7%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	5.8%	17 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world
Panama	1971	28.9%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	21.5%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	7.5%	7 of 137 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world
Panama	1972	30.3%	41 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	77.3 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	23.7%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	6.5%	7 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world
Panama	1973	32.0%	33 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.8 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	24.3%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	7.7%	8 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	95.0 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world
Panama	1974	32.0%	38 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	22.7%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	9.3%	8 of 138 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+7.3 pp vs world
Panama	1975	29.2%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	23.3%	87 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.1 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	5.8%	20 of 140 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+5.4 pp vs world
Panama	1976	29.9%	50 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	25.0%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	5.0%	21 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	85.5 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world
Panama	1977	22.4%	105 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.9 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	17.3%	134 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	5.2%	17 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	88.4 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world
Panama	1978	25.1%	84 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.8 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	19.8%	122 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	31.3 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	5.3%	15 of 139 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+4.4 pp vs world
Panama	1979	26.4%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	18.9%	130 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.7 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	7.6%	7 of 142 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world
Panama	1980	26.0%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	19.4%	129 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	6.7%	10 of 143 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world
Panama	1981	26.4%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	-1.1 pp vs world	21.7%	103 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	4.7%	18 of 144 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world
Panama	1982	26.2%	71 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.2 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	22.6%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	3.6%	22 of 145 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world
Panama	1983	17.0%	135 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	16.7%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	0.3%	76 of 146 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world
Panama	1984	13.9%	147 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world	12.9%	151 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	14.8 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	1.0%	69 of 147 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world
Panama	1985	14.2%	147 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	17.0 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	13.1%	149 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	15.9 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world	1.1%	63 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Panama	1986	15.8%	139 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.6 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	14.2%	143 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	19.3 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	1.6%	41 of 148 · highest-to-lowest	72.8 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Panama	1987	16.4%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-9.1 pp vs world	15.6%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	0.7%	70 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Panama	1988	6.5%	177 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-19.8 pp vs world	6.9%	176 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-18.5 pp vs world	-0.4%	128 of 151 · highest-to-lowest	15.3 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world
Panama	1989	5.3%	178 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.0 / 100	-20.9 pp vs world	5.1%	177 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-19.9 pp vs world	0.2%	110 of 152 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world
Panama	1990	14.5%	175 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.7 / 100	-11.3 pp vs world	6.7%	203 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	1.0 / 100	-18.4 pp vs world	7.8%	11 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world
Panama	1991	16.5%	157 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	23.5 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	11.7%	186 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	9.3 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world	4.8%	23 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
Panama	1992	20.4%	119 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	42.2 / 100	-4.3 pp vs world	14.5%	166 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	19.1 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	5.9%	19 of 167 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world
Panama	1993	21.3%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-2.9 pp vs world	18.2%	135 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	3.1%	21 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world
Panama	1994	23.1%	87 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	18.6%	134 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.8 / 100	-5.1 pp vs world	4.6%	20 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world
Panama	1995	26.1%	63 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	69.6 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	20.4%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	5.7%	15 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	91.8 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world
Panama	1996	26.3%	54 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	74.0 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	19.8%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	6.5%	9 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	95.3 / 100	+5.8 pp vs world
Panama	1997	25.3%	74 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.2 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	19.7%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	5.5%	14 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	92.4 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world
Panama	1998	26.8%	66 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.1 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	22.0%	107 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.0 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	4.8%	14 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world
Panama	1999	25.4%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	22.0%	102 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	3.4%	23 of 168 · highest-to-lowest	86.8 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world
Panama	2000	23.8%	84 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	20.8%	105 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.0 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	2.9%	28 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	84.0 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world
Panama	2001	17.4%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	15.0%	171 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	16.7 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	2.4%	34 of 172 · highest-to-lowest	80.7 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world
Panama	2002	15.5%	176 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	14.2 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	13.4%	180 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	12.3 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	2.1%	39 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	78.2 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world
Panama	2003	18.7%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-4.5 pp vs world	16.8%	159 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	1.9%	41 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	76.9 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world
Panama	2004	18.4%	155 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	24.5 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	16.3%	164 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	2.1%	50 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	72.3 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Panama	2005	18.1%	163 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	21.4 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	16.6%	169 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	18.4 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	1.5%	65 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	63.8 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Panama	2006	19.2%	159 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	18.0%	158 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	23.8 / 100	-6.0 pp vs world	1.1%	71 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	60.9 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world
Panama	2007	36.0%	25 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	88.3 / 100	+10.7 pp vs world	27.9%	60 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	71.4 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	8.2%	5 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	97.8 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world
Panama	2008	42.2%	9 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+16.8 pp vs world	31.5%	37 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	82.7 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	10.7%	4 of 180 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world
Panama	2009	31.3%	40 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world	28.9%	42 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	80.3 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	2.4%	23 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world
Panama	2010	38.0%	19 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	91.3 / 100	+13.4 pp vs world	29.5%	36 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.2 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	8.5%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world
Panama	2011	38.2%	17 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	30.9%	24 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.9 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	7.3%	8 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world
Panama	2012	43.1%	11 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+17.7 pp vs world	35.1%	16 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	8.0%	6 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.2 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world
Panama	2013	43.5%	10 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	95.7 / 100	+18.0 pp vs world	39.0%	11 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+14.4 pp vs world	4.5%	15 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	92.0 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world
Panama	2014	43.8%	8 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+18.1 pp vs world	40.4%	8 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world	3.4%	23 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world
Panama	2015	42.4%	9 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.2 / 100	+16.7 pp vs world	39.4%	8 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+14.3 pp vs world	3.1%	19 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world
Panama	2016	40.3%	11 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+14.9 pp vs world	38.4%	12 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+13.5 pp vs world	1.9%	29 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	84.0 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Panama	2017	41.5%	8 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+15.6 pp vs world	39.4%	7 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+14.2 pp vs world	2.1%	32 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	82.2 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Panama	2018	41.2%	11 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+14.9 pp vs world	38.7%	11 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+13.1 pp vs world	2.5%	35 of 175 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world
Panama	2019	38.1%	18 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	91.8 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	37.0%	13 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	+11.2 pp vs world	1.0%	65 of 174 · highest-to-lowest	63.0 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world
Panama	2020	24.0%	82 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	23.7%	79 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	62.5 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	0.3%	90 of 173 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world
Panama	2021	31.3%	36 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.2 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	27.4%	47 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	77.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	3.9%	21 of 171 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world
Panama	2022	36.0%	22 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	89.9 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world	29.7%	35 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	6.3%	10 of 170 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world
Panama	2023	43.1%	5 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+16.9 pp vs world	37.7%	7 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+11.9 pp vs world	5.4%	12 of 169 · highest-to-lowest	93.5 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world
Panama	2024	41.9%	5 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+15.9 pp vs world	37.6%	6 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	4.3%	16 of 163 · highest-to-lowest	90.7 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

A larger investment share is not automatically better; depreciation, utilization and project quality are outside this accounting measure.

Latest common comparison

Central America23.6%2024

World26.0%2024

07 · Trade structure and external balance

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Full historical record

Trade openness

Exports, imports, openness and net exports distinguish exposure from surplus or deficit.

Panama is shown against compatible UN benchmarks. The three fixed eras are labeled on the chart and summarized below.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

PanamaCentral AmericaWorldCurrent prices · percent

Formation1970–1990

153.6% → 146.0%

Percentage-point change: -7.6 pp

Integration1990–2010

146.0% → 145.8%

Percentage-point change: -0.2 pp

Current era2010–2024

145.8% → 78.6%

Percentage-point change: -67.2 pp

Exports40.6%2024 · Published series · World rank 93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Imports38.0%2024 · Published series · World rank 129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Net exports2.7%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade openness78.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices55 annual rows

Annual non-duplicative measures used in the trade structure and external balance section. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Trade structure and external balance: annual rates, ranks and comparison indices

Panama	1970	72.1%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+60.8 pp vs world	81.5%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+70.2 pp vs world	-9.4%	131 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	26.6 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	153.6%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+131.1 pp vs world
Panama	1971	70.3%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+58.8 pp vs world	80.3%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+69.0 pp vs world	-10.1%	133 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	150.6%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+127.8 pp vs world
Panama	1972	69.0%	16 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.5 / 100	+57.2 pp vs world	81.4%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+69.8 pp vs world	-12.4%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world	150.4%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+127.0 pp vs world
Panama	1973	69.2%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+56.0 pp vs world	79.6%	15 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.1 / 100	+66.6 pp vs world	-10.3%	135 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	24.3 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	148.8%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+122.6 pp vs world
Panama	1974	87.8%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+71.7 pp vs world	109.2%	4 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	98.3 / 100	+93.1 pp vs world	-21.4%	154 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.6 / 100	-21.4 pp vs world	197.0%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+164.9 pp vs world
Panama	1975	90.8%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+75.5 pp vs world	106.2%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+91.0 pp vs world	-15.5%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-15.5 pp vs world	197.0%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+166.6 pp vs world
Panama	1976	82.8%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+67.1 pp vs world	97.6%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+81.8 pp vs world	-14.8%	142 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	20.3 / 100	-14.7 pp vs world	180.4%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+148.8 pp vs world
Panama	1977	86.2%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+70.4 pp vs world	94.1%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+78.0 pp vs world	-7.9%	117 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	180.3%	5 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	97.7 / 100	+148.4 pp vs world
Panama	1978	78.1%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+62.6 pp vs world	87.6%	9 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	95.5 / 100	+71.8 pp vs world	-9.5%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	165.7%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+134.4 pp vs world
Panama	1979	78.3%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+61.4 pp vs world	95.4%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+78.2 pp vs world	-17.1%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-16.8 pp vs world	173.7%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+139.6 pp vs world
Panama	1980	85.8%	10 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.9 / 100	+67.6 pp vs world	91.5%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+72.9 pp vs world	-5.7%	90 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	49.7 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	177.3%	8 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+140.4 pp vs world
Panama	1981	83.5%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+65.5 pp vs world	88.6%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+70.2 pp vs world	-5.0%	79 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	172.1%	11 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	94.4 / 100	+135.7 pp vs world
Panama	1982	77.0%	13 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+60.1 pp vs world	79.7%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+62.3 pp vs world	-2.7%	70 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	61.0 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	156.7%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+122.4 pp vs world
Panama	1983	61.0%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+44.6 pp vs world	61.9%	38 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.1 / 100	+45.1 pp vs world	-0.8%	57 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	68.4 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	122.9%	27 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.3 / 100	+89.7 pp vs world
Panama	1984	58.3%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+41.4 pp vs world	62.4%	40 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+45.2 pp vs world	-4.1%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	120.7%	35 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.8 / 100	+86.6 pp vs world
Panama	1985	60.4%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+43.9 pp vs world	63.3%	37 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	79.7 / 100	+46.6 pp vs world	-2.9%	89 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	50.3 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	123.8%	31 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	83.1 / 100	+90.6 pp vs world
Panama	1986	63.4%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+47.5 pp vs world	64.8%	33 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	81.9 / 100	+48.7 pp vs world	-1.4%	76 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	57.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	128.2%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+96.3 pp vs world
Panama	1987	64.1%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+47.6 pp vs world	63.4%	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	+46.8 pp vs world	0.7%	52 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	71.2 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	127.5%	25 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	86.4 / 100	+94.4 pp vs world
Panama	1988	66.4%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+49.4 pp vs world	51.6%	55 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	69.5 / 100	+34.5 pp vs world	14.8%	7 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+15.0 pp vs world	118.0%	36 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	+83.9 pp vs world
Panama	1989	69.7%	16 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	91.6 / 100	+52.2 pp vs world	61.9%	44 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	75.8 / 100	+44.1 pp vs world	7.8%	22 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	88.2 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	131.5%	24 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	87.1 / 100	+96.3 pp vs world
Panama	1990	76.6%	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+57.7 pp vs world	69.4%	35 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+50.2 pp vs world	7.3%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	146.0%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+107.9 pp vs world
Panama	1991	85.8%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+67.2 pp vs world	81.9%	17 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+63.2 pp vs world	3.9%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	167.7%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+130.4 pp vs world
Panama	1992	88.5%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+68.7 pp vs world	84.7%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+65.3 pp vs world	3.7%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	173.2%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+134.0 pp vs world
Panama	1993	85.4%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+66.6 pp vs world	81.6%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+63.3 pp vs world	3.8%	40 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.0 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	167.0%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+129.9 pp vs world
Panama	1994	88.0%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+68.6 pp vs world	83.7%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+64.7 pp vs world	4.4%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	171.7%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+133.3 pp vs world
Panama	1995	89.1%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+68.5 pp vs world	86.4%	12 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+66.2 pp vs world	2.7%	46 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	78.0 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	175.5%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+134.7 pp vs world
Panama	1996	82.1%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+61.0 pp vs world	80.9%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+60.2 pp vs world	1.2%	59 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	71.7 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	163.0%	15 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+121.2 pp vs world
Panama	1997	88.7%	10 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.6 / 100	+66.7 pp vs world	84.3%	14 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	93.7 / 100	+62.9 pp vs world	4.3%	37 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.4 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	173.0%	9 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+129.5 pp vs world
Panama	1998	77.9%	11 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+56.1 pp vs world	79.8%	16 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+58.4 pp vs world	-1.9%	70 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	66.3 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	157.7%	13 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+114.5 pp vs world
Panama	1999	65.5%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+43.6 pp vs world	66.7%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+45.1 pp vs world	-1.2%	75 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	63.9 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	132.1%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+88.7 pp vs world
Panama	2000	71.4%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+47.9 pp vs world	68.7%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+45.3 pp vs world	2.7%	55 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.7 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	140.1%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+93.2 pp vs world
Panama	2001	71.6%	21 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+48.6 pp vs world	64.9%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+41.9 pp vs world	6.7%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	136.4%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+90.5 pp vs world
Panama	2002	66.4%	22 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+43.2 pp vs world	61.3%	38 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.0 / 100	+38.3 pp vs world	5.1%	51 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	75.6 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	127.7%	24 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	88.8 / 100	+81.5 pp vs world
Panama	2003	62.6%	26 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.8 / 100	+38.6 pp vs world	57.6%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+33.9 pp vs world	5.0%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	120.2%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+72.5 pp vs world
Panama	2004	66.5%	23 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+40.8 pp vs world	62.9%	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	+37.5 pp vs world	3.6%	56 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	73.2 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	129.4%	27 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	87.3 / 100	+78.2 pp vs world
Panama	2005	74.3%	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+47.3 pp vs world	68.0%	37 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	82.6 / 100	+41.3 pp vs world	6.3%	45 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.7 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	142.3%	20 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.8 / 100	+88.6 pp vs world
Panama	2006	75.5%	21 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	90.3 / 100	+46.8 pp vs world	68.4%	42 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	80.2 / 100	+40.3 pp vs world	7.1%	46 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	78.3 / 100	+6.5 pp vs world	143.9%	23 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	+87.1 pp vs world
Panama	2007	71.5%	23 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	+41.9 pp vs world	78.1%	27 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+49.3 pp vs world	-6.7%	110 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	149.6%	17 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+91.1 pp vs world
Panama	2008	77.8%	20 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+46.9 pp vs world	87.8%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+57.6 pp vs world	-10.0%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	165.6%	12 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+104.4 pp vs world
Panama	2009	69.5%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+43.3 pp vs world	68.1%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+42.5 pp vs world	1.4%	62 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	70.8 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	137.6%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+85.7 pp vs world
Panama	2010	69.5%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+40.9 pp vs world	76.3%	24 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.0 / 100	+48.6 pp vs world	-6.8%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	145.8%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+89.5 pp vs world
Panama	2011	77.3%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+46.9 pp vs world	81.3%	23 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	89.5 / 100	+51.8 pp vs world	-4.0%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-4.9 pp vs world	158.6%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+98.8 pp vs world
Panama	2012	74.1%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	+43.9 pp vs world	79.3%	29 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.6 / 100	+50.1 pp vs world	-5.2%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-6.2 pp vs world	153.3%	22 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	90.0 / 100	+94.0 pp vs world
Panama	2013	64.2%	42 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.4 / 100	+34.1 pp vs world	69.0%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	+39.9 pp vs world	-4.7%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	133.2%	35 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.7 / 100	+74.0 pp vs world
Panama	2014	54.6%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+24.9 pp vs world	60.4%	53 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	75.1 / 100	+31.4 pp vs world	-5.7%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world	115.0%	49 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.0 / 100	+56.3 pp vs world
Panama	2015	47.2%	61 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.3 / 100	+19.1 pp vs world	49.3%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+21.8 pp vs world	-2.1%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	96.5%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+40.9 pp vs world
Panama	2016	41.7%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	+14.5 pp vs world	42.8%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	+16.4 pp vs world	-1.1%	91 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	84.4%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	+30.8 pp vs world
Panama	2017	41.4%	84 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	42.6%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	+15.3 pp vs world	-1.2%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	84.1%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	+28.6 pp vs world
Panama	2018	42.3%	82 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	61.2 / 100	+13.3 pp vs world	43.8%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	+15.5 pp vs world	-1.4%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	86.1%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	+28.8 pp vs world
Panama	2019	40.2%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	40.2%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world	-0.0%	85 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	80.4%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	+24.8 pp vs world
Panama	2020	36.3%	79 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.7 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	32.4%	134 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	3.8%	43 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	79.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	68.7%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	+17.2 pp vs world
Panama	2021	41.6%	75 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.6 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	38.5%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world	3.1%	59 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	72.2 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	80.1%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	+23.8 pp vs world
Panama	2022	48.1%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+17.2 pp vs world	45.6%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	+15.5 pp vs world	2.5%	55 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	74.2 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	93.7%	90 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	+32.7 pp vs world
Panama	2023	46.4%	74 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	+17.4 pp vs world	43.0%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	+14.7 pp vs world	3.4%	60 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	71.8 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	89.5%	95 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	55.0 / 100	+32.1 pp vs world
Panama	2024	40.6%	93 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	56.0 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	38.0%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	+9.9 pp vs world	2.7%	66 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	68.9 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	78.6%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	+21.5 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Trade openness is exports plus imports relative to GDP. Imports are positive in the source but subtracted in the expenditure identity.

Latest common comparison

Central America73.9%2024

World57.1%2024

08 · Industry mix and structural change

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Six mutually exclusive activities show the production structure. Manufacturing remains nested inside its parent activity.

Full historical record

Structural change across six activities

Other activities is the largest current activity at 32.9%. Each activity shows change separately for 1970–1990, 1990–2010, and 2010–current.

AMA activity values measure gross value added, not sales, revenue, shipments, gross output, or physical production.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing2.6%

1970–1990-2.9 pp1990–2010-4.9 pp2010–2024-1.2 pp

World specialization: 0.62×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities9.5%

1970–1990-4.1 pp1990–2010-5.8 pp2010–2024-1.4 pp

World specialization: 0.45×

Construction17.4%

1970–1990-3.4 pp1990–2010+8.1 pp2010–2024+8.4 pp

World specialization: 3.02×

Trade, restaurants and hotels22.8%

1970–1990-2.5 pp1990–2010+8.9 pp2010–2024-0.3 pp

World specialization: 1.58×

Transport, storage and communication14.8%

1970–1990+7.4 pp1990–2010+1.6 pp2010–2024-1.1 pp

World specialization: 1.51×

Other activities32.9%

1970–1990+5.6 pp1990–2010-7.9 pp2010–2024-4.4 pp

World specialization: 0.74×

Industry composition and economic scale

The 100% area view isolates changes in production mix. The current-dollar area view combines those shares with nominal GDP so the total height also shows the expansion or contraction of the economy.

Created by Tesseron World Observatory; data from UN Statistics Division Analysis of Main Aggregates - 28 January 2026 data snapshot.

Agriculture, forestry and fishingMining, manufacturing and utilitiesConstructionTrade, restaurants and hotelsTransport, storage and communicationOther activitiesShare of total gross value added

Formation1970–1990

39.6% → 45.2%

Percentage-point change: +5.6 pp

Integration1990–2010

45.2% → 37.3%

Percentage-point change: -7.9 pp

Current era2010–2024

37.3% → 32.9%

Percentage-point change: -4.4 pp

How to read specialization

World specialization compares an activity's share of this country's gross value added with that activity's share of world gross value added. A result of 1.00× means the shares match; above 1.00× means the activity is relatively more prominent locally, while below 1.00× means it is relatively less prominent. It describes economic structure, not productivity or competitiveness.

Current specialization against world

Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.62×

Mining, manufacturing and utilities0.45×

Construction3.02×

Trade, restaurants and hotels1.58×

Transport, storage and communication1.51×

Other activities0.74×

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table55 annual rows

Annual shares for the six mutually exclusive broad industries, with world comparisons and ranks wherever comparable data exist. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

Filter rows

From yearTo year

Showing 55 of 55 rows

Industry mix, specialization and world comparison table

Panama	1970	11.6%	109 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	38.3 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world	20.8%	95 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	4.3%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	16.8%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	6.9%	91 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	48.9 / 100	-0.9 pp vs world	39.6%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world
Panama	1971	11.3%	114 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	19.6%	102 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	4.8%	106 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	16.9%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	7.3%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	40.1%	24 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+8.0 pp vs world
Panama	1972	10.5%	117 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	18.0%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world	4.7%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	16.7%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	7.5%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	42.6%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world
Panama	1973	9.9%	117 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	18.1%	113 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.7 / 100	-12.7 pp vs world	5.3%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	16.8%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	7.4%	81 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-0.3 pp vs world	42.5%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+10.9 pp vs world
Panama	1974	8.4%	120 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	19.2%	108 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.5 / 100	-12.5 pp vs world	4.7%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	18.7%	47 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	8.4%	51 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.6 / 100	+0.7 pp vs world	40.5%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world
Panama	1975	8.8%	118 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.1 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	20.2%	104 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	41.8 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	4.9%	112 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	17.3%	61 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.9 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	7.6%	73 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.1 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	41.2%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+8.7 pp vs world
Panama	1976	9.2%	115 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	17.7%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world	5.0%	114 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	36.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	16.9%	68 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.9 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	8.3%	54 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	69.9 / 100	+0.5 pp vs world	42.9%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world
Panama	1977	9.8%	108 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	18.0%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world	3.4%	144 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.2 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	17.0%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	8.7%	52 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	71.0 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	43.0%	18 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+10.3 pp vs world
Panama	1978	9.4%	111 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	37.1 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	17.3%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-13.2 pp vs world	4.2%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-2.6 pp vs world	17.2%	58 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.6 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	9.6%	39 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	42.2%	23 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	87.6 / 100	+9.2 pp vs world
Panama	1979	8.7%	114 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	17.1%	119 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.3 / 100	-13.8 pp vs world	4.0%	136 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	23.7 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	17.1%	63 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	64.8 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	9.9%	34 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	81.3 / 100	+2.0 pp vs world	43.2%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world
Panama	1980	7.7%	117 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	16.9%	120 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	32.8 / 100	-14.3 pp vs world	4.4%	128 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	17.4%	59 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	67.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	12.4%	12 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	41.2%	29 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world
Panama	1981	6.9%	119 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	32.6 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	14.2%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-16.4 pp vs world	4.2%	130 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	16.7%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+2.4 pp vs world	11.0%	20 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	89.2 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	46.9%	14 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	92.7 / 100	+12.7 pp vs world
Panama	1982	7.1%	119 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	32.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	15.0%	123 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-14.8 pp vs world	5.2%	107 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	40.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	15.1%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	12.3%	13 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	45.2%	21 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.7 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world
Panama	1983	7.4%	117 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	15.4%	122 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-13.9 pp vs world	3.5%	143 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	19.8 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	13.7%	106 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	14.2%	7 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+6.2 pp vs world	45.8%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+10.0 pp vs world
Panama	1984	7.0%	120 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	32.0 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	17.0%	118 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	33.9 / 100	-12.2 pp vs world	2.8%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-3.0 pp vs world	13.8%	102 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	13.4%	11 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	46.0%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+10.1 pp vs world
Panama	1985	7.0%	118 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	33.1 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	19.3%	111 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	37.9 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	2.6%	156 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	12.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	12.5%	124 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	13.1%	13 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	93.2 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	45.4%	19 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.8 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world
Panama	1986	7.7%	113 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	36.0 / 100	+1.8 pp vs world	18.4%	109 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	39.0 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	2.9%	149 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	16.4 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	13.1%	124 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	12.8%	14 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	92.6 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	45.2%	22 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	88.1 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world
Panama	1987	7.7%	114 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	35.4 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	17.8%	115 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.6 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	2.7%	155 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	13.0 / 100	-3.3 pp vs world	14.0%	110 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	38.1 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	13.2%	12 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+5.1 pp vs world	44.5%	26 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	85.9 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world
Panama	1988	8.6%	112 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	36.6 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	17.4%	116 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	1.6%	169 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	5.1 / 100	-4.6 pp vs world	12.3%	131 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	26.1 / 100	-2.3 pp vs world	14.4%	8 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	96.0 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	45.7%	20 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	89.3 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world
Panama	1989	9.2%	108 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	17.4%	119 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	33.7 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	0.9%	178 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	0.6 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	12.6%	125 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	29.9 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	13.7%	12 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	46.2%	17 of 179 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world
Panama	1990	8.7%	128 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	37.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	16.7%	146 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	29.3 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	0.9%	205 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	0.5 / 100	-5.3 pp vs world	14.3%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	14.3%	8 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.6 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	45.2%	19 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	91.2 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world
Panama	1991	8.4%	131 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	36.0 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	17.2%	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	2.1%	192 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	6.8 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	14.4%	99 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	13.8%	11 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	95.1 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	44.1%	33 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	84.4 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world
Panama	1992	7.5%	134 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	16.4%	141 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	2.7%	183 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	11.2 / 100	-3.2 pp vs world	16.3%	82 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	60.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	12.8%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	44.3%	31 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	85.4 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world
Panama	1993	7.3%	133 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	16.2%	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	3.6%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	17.8%	58 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	72.1 / 100	+2.7 pp vs world	12.2%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	43.0%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+1.2 pp vs world
Panama	1994	7.1%	133 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	15.6%	143 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	30.7 / 100	-8.8 pp vs world	3.5%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-2.4 pp vs world	19.2%	50 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	12.2%	21 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	90.2 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	42.4%	44 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.0 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world
Panama	1995	7.1%	131 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	36.0 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	15.9%	142 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.2 / 100	-8.6 pp vs world	3.7%	160 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.4 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	18.1%	62 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	70.1 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	12.9%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	42.3%	49 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Panama	1996	7.0%	128 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	37.4 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	15.9%	141 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	31.7 / 100	-8.3 pp vs world	3.5%	167 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	19.0 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	17.6%	68 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	67.2 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	12.7%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	43.3%	43 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	79.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world
Panama	1997	6.9%	125 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	14.9%	148 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	28.3 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	3.5%	170 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	17.6 / 100	-2.1 pp vs world	19.2%	50 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	76.0 / 100	+4.2 pp vs world	13.2%	13 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	42.4%	48 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.1 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
Panama	1998	7.0%	124 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	39.4 / 100	+3.1 pp vs world	14.4%	151 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	3.7%	169 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	18.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	18.1%	65 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	68.6 / 100	+3.0 pp vs world	13.8%	15 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	93.1 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	43.1%	42 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.0 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world
Panama	1999	6.5%	125 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	38.9 / 100	+2.9 pp vs world	14.4%	154 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	4.8%	129 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	37.6 / 100	-0.6 pp vs world	16.8%	73 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	64.7 / 100	+1.7 pp vs world	13.6%	12 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	43.8%	39 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	81.5 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world
Panama	2000	6.8%	117 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	13.3%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	4.9%	118 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	16.4%	75 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	63.7 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	13.6%	17 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	92.2 / 100	+4.5 pp vs world	45.0%	36 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	82.9 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world
Panama	2001	7.2%	116 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	43.3 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	12.4%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-10.1 pp vs world	3.8%	164 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.5 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	16.6%	71 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	65.7 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	14.0%	12 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.6 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	46.0%	34 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	83.9 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world
Panama	2002	7.2%	116 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	43.3 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	11.9%	158 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world	3.5%	165 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	20.0 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	15.9%	86 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	14.3%	13 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	94.1 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	47.2%	29 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+2.2 pp vs world
Panama	2003	7.4%	111 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	+4.0 pp vs world	11.6%	161 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	4.6%	139 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	32.7 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	15.3%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+0.6 pp vs world	14.8%	9 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	96.1 / 100	+5.5 pp vs world	46.2%	41 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	80.5 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world
Panama	2004	7.0%	113 of 204 · highest-to-lowest	44.8 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	11.6%	159 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-11.0 pp vs world	4.8%	135 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	34.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	16.2%	85 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.8 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	15.8%	6 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	97.5 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	44.6%	47 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	77.6 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world
Panama	2005	6.6%	117 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	11.6%	161 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	22.7 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world	4.5%	142 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	31.9 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	17.2%	67 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	68.0 / 100	+2.6 pp vs world	16.2%	7 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	97.1 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	44.0%	52 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	75.4 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world
Panama	2006	6.1%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	+2.8 pp vs world	11.0%	165 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	20.8 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world	4.9%	135 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	35.3 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	17.6%	61 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	70.9 / 100	+3.2 pp vs world	17.7%	4 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	42.7%	55 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	73.9 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world
Panama	2007	5.0%	123 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	+1.5 pp vs world	11.1%	165 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	20.8 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	7.3%	62 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	70.5 / 100	+1.6 pp vs world	21.2%	32 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	85.0 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	17.2%	4 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	98.5 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	38.0%	83 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	60.4 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world
Panama	2008	4.7%	124 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	40.3 / 100	+1.0 pp vs world	11.4%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-12.6 pp vs world	9.1%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	22.3%	27 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	87.5 / 100	+8.1 pp vs world	16.7%	3 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+7.4 pp vs world	35.7%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world
Panama	2009	4.0%	136 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	34.5 / 100	+0.2 pp vs world	10.9%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world	9.0%	38 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.3 / 100	+3.4 pp vs world	22.6%	28 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	87.0 / 100	+8.5 pp vs world	16.3%	2 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	37.1%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-7.9 pp vs world
Panama	2010	3.8%	135 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	35.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	10.9%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world	9.0%	30 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+3.6 pp vs world	23.2%	23 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	89.4 / 100	+9.1 pp vs world	15.8%	2 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	37.3%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-6.5 pp vs world
Panama	2011	3.5%	142 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.6 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	10.8%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-13.5 pp vs world	9.7%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+4.3 pp vs world	25.6%	14 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	93.8 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	15.5%	5 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+6.6 pp vs world	34.9%	106 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.8 / 100	-8.2 pp vs world
Panama	2012	3.3%	143 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	10.5%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-13.6 pp vs world	11.6%	8 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	96.7 / 100	+6.1 pp vs world	27.1%	13 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	94.2 / 100	+12.9 pp vs world	14.5%	6 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	33.0%	118 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.0 / 100	-10.2 pp vs world
Panama	2013	3.2%	144 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	10.8%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-13.0 pp vs world	14.8%	5 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.1 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	25.1%	18 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	91.8 / 100	+11.0 pp vs world	13.6%	12 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	94.7 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	32.5%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world
Panama	2014	3.1%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	10.3%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-13.0 pp vs world	16.7%	1 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	100.0 / 100	+11.1 pp vs world	24.3%	21 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+10.2 pp vs world	13.1%	18 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	91.8 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	32.5%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world
Panama	2015	3.1%	144 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.6 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	10.0%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-12.3 pp vs world	17.8%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+12.2 pp vs world	23.6%	26 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	88.0 / 100	+9.3 pp vs world	13.2%	16 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+4.1 pp vs world	32.4%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-11.9 pp vs world
Panama	2016	2.9%	149 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-1.5 pp vs world	9.9%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-11.8 pp vs world	18.7%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+13.1 pp vs world	23.1%	30 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	86.1 / 100	+8.8 pp vs world	12.7%	21 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+3.5 pp vs world	32.7%	133 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	36.8 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world
Panama	2017	2.7%	150 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.7 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	9.7%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-12.2 pp vs world	19.6%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	22.2%	32 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	85.1 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	12.9%	21 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.4 / 100	+3.7 pp vs world	32.8%	126 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.2 / 100	-11.5 pp vs world
Panama	2018	2.5%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	9.5%	168 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.1 / 100	-13.0 pp vs world	19.9%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+14.1 pp vs world	22.1%	33 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	84.6 / 100	+7.9 pp vs world	13.1%	20 of 209 · highest-to-lowest	90.9 / 100	+3.8 pp vs world	33.0%	127 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world
Panama	2019	2.5%	148 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	28.6 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	9.6%	169 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	19.6 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	19.7%	2 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.5 / 100	+13.9 pp vs world	21.4%	36 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	83.3 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	13.4%	19 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.4 / 100	+3.9 pp vs world	33.3%	129 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	38.8 / 100	-11.2 pp vs world
Panama	2020	3.1%	143 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	31.1 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	10.8%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world	13.3%	11 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	95.2 / 100	+7.5 pp vs world	19.5%	37 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	82.8 / 100	+5.7 pp vs world	14.5%	6 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	97.6 / 100	+5.2 pp vs world	38.9%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world
Panama	2021	2.9%	145 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-1.7 pp vs world	11.7%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	15.4%	4 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	98.6 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	19.8%	41 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	80.9 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	14.3%	13 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	94.3 / 100	+4.8 pp vs world	35.9%	108 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.8 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world
Panama	2022	2.7%	147 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	11.2%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-11.6 pp vs world	16.0%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	22.1%	34 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.2 / 100	+7.8 pp vs world	14.3%	17 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.3 / 100	+4.7 pp vs world	33.8%	119 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.5 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world
Panama	2023	2.5%	151 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	27.2 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	11.1%	164 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.0 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	17.5%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+11.6 pp vs world	22.1%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+7.6 pp vs world	14.3%	16 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	92.8 / 100	+4.6 pp vs world	32.6%	124 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world
Panama	2024	2.6%	153 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	26.2 / 100	-1.6 pp vs world	9.5%	167 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-11.7 pp vs world	17.4%	3 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	99.0 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	22.8%	31 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	85.6 / 100	+8.4 pp vs world	14.8%	18 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	91.9 / 100	+5.0 pp vs world	32.9%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-11.6 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

09 · Manufacturing position

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Domestic share, its place inside the parent industry, real growth, specialization and world contribution are kept together.

Full historical record

Manufacturing in the economic structure

Manufacturing accounts for 5.0% of total gross value added in 2024. In 2024, Panama was 10.7 percentage points below the world value.

Latest share: 5.0%
World specialization: 0.32×
Latest year: 2024

Formation1970–1990

19.0% → 13.1%

Percentage-point change: -5.9 pp

Integration1990–2010

13.1% → 7.3%

Percentage-point change: -5.8 pp

Current era2010–2024

7.3% → 5.0%

Percentage-point change: -2.4 pp

Share of total GVA5.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share within parent activity52.6%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Real manufacturing growth-0.7%2024 · Published series · World rank 155 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Share of world manufacturing0.0%2024 · Derived measure · World rank 100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table55 annual rows

Manufacturing's annual structural, growth and world-position measures. Annual rows cover the full 1970–2024 AMA record wherever the source publishes a value. World ranks run highest-to-lowest. The position index converts rank to a 0–100 scale: 100 is first and 0 is last; it is not a performance score. World comparison is either a world-equals-100 value index or a percentage-point gap, according to the measure.

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Showing 55 of 55 rows

Manufacturing annual rates, ranks and specialization table

Panama	1970	19.0%	55 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	69.1 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	91.2%	29 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	84.0 / 100	+7.1 pp vs world	Source observation unavailable	Not calculable without a source observation	Not calculable without a source observation	Comparable world observation unavailable	0.0%	74 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1971	17.9%	62 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	65.1 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	91.4%	29 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	84.0 / 100	+7.7 pp vs world	6.4%	69 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	61.1 / 100	+3.3 pp vs world	0.0%	75 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1972	16.5%	75 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	57.7 / 100	-9.0 pp vs world	91.9%	23 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	87.4 / 100	+8.2 pp vs world	4.6%	104 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	41.1 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	0.0%	80 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1973	16.4%	77 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	56.6 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	90.3%	38 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+7.2 pp vs world	6.3%	101 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	42.9 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	0.0%	79 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1974	17.7%	67 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	-7.4 pp vs world	92.2%	25 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	86.3 / 100	+13.0 pp vs world	1.3%	136 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	22.9 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	0.0%	81 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1975	18.4%	65 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	63.4 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	91.2%	33 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	81.7 / 100	+12.1 pp vs world	-3.6%	132 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	25.1 / 100	-0.7 pp vs world	0.0%	80 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1976	15.8%	79 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	89.6%	46 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	74.3 / 100	+10.8 pp vs world	2.5%	125 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	0.0%	83 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1977	15.7%	81 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	54.3 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	87.3%	52 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	70.9 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	1.2%	125 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	29.1 / 100	-2.7 pp vs world	0.0%	86 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1978	14.8%	86 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-9.3 pp vs world	85.3%	64 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	64.0 / 100	+6.3 pp vs world	1.6%	130 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-1.9 pp vs world	0.0%	86 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	51.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1979	14.6%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	-9.2 pp vs world	85.5%	66 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.1 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	11.0%	30 of 176 · highest-to-lowest	83.4 / 100	+6.9 pp vs world	0.0%	82 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1980	14.4%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	85.4%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+11.7 pp vs world	5.9%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+5.6 pp vs world	0.0%	80 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1981	11.7%	95 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	82.3%	79 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.7 / 100	+8.9 pp vs world	-2.5%	136 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	23.3 / 100	-3.9 pp vs world	0.0%	82 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1982	12.4%	94 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	47.2 / 100	-9.7 pp vs world	82.4%	74 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.5 / 100	+8.3 pp vs world	3.6%	70 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	60.8 / 100	+5.3 pp vs world	0.0%	80 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	55.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1983	13.1%	89 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	84.6%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+10.6 pp vs world	-2.1%	140 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	21.0 / 100	-4.0 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1984	13.8%	88 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	50.6 / 100	-8.0 pp vs world	81.4%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	+6.8 pp vs world	6.8%	65 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	63.6 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	0.0%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1985	15.9%	78 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.3 / 100	-5.9 pp vs world	82.2%	69 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	61.4 / 100	+6.7 pp vs world	5.6%	60 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	66.5 / 100	+1.3 pp vs world	0.0%	72 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	59.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1986	14.8%	85 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	52.3 / 100	-7.2 pp vs world	80.4%	75 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	58.0 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.7%	125 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	29.5 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	0.0%	77 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	56.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1987	14.1%	90 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	49.4 / 100	-7.6 pp vs world	79.2%	82 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	54.0 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	6.9%	62 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	65.3 / 100	+2.3 pp vs world	0.0%	76 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1988	12.9%	99 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.3 / 100	-8.9 pp vs world	74.4%	98 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	44.9 / 100	-5.7 pp vs world	-22.5%	174 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	1.7 / 100	-28.2 pp vs world	0.0%	86 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1989	12.7%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	73.0%	97 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	45.8 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	1.3%	113 of 177 · highest-to-lowest	36.4 / 100	-1.4 pp vs world	0.0%	86 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	52.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1990	13.1%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	78.7%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	+0.3 pp vs world	13.8%	17 of 178 · highest-to-lowest	91.0 / 100	+12.6 pp vs world	0.0%	103 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	50.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1991	13.5%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	78.5%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-0.2 pp vs world	10.5%	22 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	89.7 / 100	+10.4 pp vs world	0.0%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1992	13.1%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	80.2%	86 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	58.3 / 100	+1.9 pp vs world	9.2%	45 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.4 / 100	+9.7 pp vs world	0.0%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1993	12.6%	114 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.6 / 100	-6.6 pp vs world	77.4%	96 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	53.4 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	6.3%	44 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	78.9 / 100	+7.0 pp vs world	0.0%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1994	12.1%	115 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	44.1 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	77.4%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-0.8 pp vs world	4.3%	83 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	59.8 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	0.0%	87 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1995	12.4%	110 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.6 / 100	-6.7 pp vs world	78.2%	94 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.4 / 100	+0.1 pp vs world	0.2%	153 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	25.5 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	0.0%	88 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	57.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1996	12.3%	108 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	47.5 / 100	-6.3 pp vs world	76.9%	91 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.9 / 100	+0.4 pp vs world	-1.3%	163 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	20.6 / 100	-3.8 pp vs world	0.0%	90 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1997	11.0%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-7.3 pp vs world	74.0%	116 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	43.6 / 100	-2.0 pp vs world	3.3%	124 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.7 / 100	-1.3 pp vs world	0.0%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1998	10.7%	125 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-7.1 pp vs world	74.3%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	2.2%	106 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	48.5 / 100	+0.9 pp vs world	0.0%	92 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	55.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	1999	10.5%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-7.0 pp vs world	72.8%	112 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.6 / 100	-3.1 pp vs world	1.1%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-2.2 pp vs world	0.0%	89 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	56.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2000	9.6%	135 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	34.3 / 100	-7.7 pp vs world	72.1%	111 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	46.1 / 100	-1.8 pp vs world	-7.2%	192 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	6.4 / 100	-13.6 pp vs world	0.0%	93 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	54.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2001	8.9%	141 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	31.4 / 100	-7.5 pp vs world	71.7%	113 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	45.1 / 100	-1.0 pp vs world	-6.3%	183 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	10.8 / 100	-5.5 pp vs world	0.0%	97 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	52.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2002	8.1%	148 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.9 / 100	-7.8 pp vs world	68.6%	122 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	-2.6%	173 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	15.7 / 100	-3.6 pp vs world	0.0%	101 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	51.0 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2003	7.7%	150 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	27.0 / 100	-8.1 pp vs world	66.1%	128 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	37.7 / 100	-5.4 pp vs world	-3.4%	178 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	13.2 / 100	-6.8 pp vs world	0.0%	104 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	49.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2004	7.4%	154 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	25.4 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	64.1%	127 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	38.5 / 100	-12.4 pp vs world	2.1%	142 of 205 · highest-to-lowest	30.9 / 100	-17.5 pp vs world	0.0%	107 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2005	7.2%	151 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	27.5 / 100	-9.9 pp vs world	61.7%	131 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	37.2 / 100	-12.2 pp vs world	4.2%	109 of 206 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	-0.1 pp vs world	0.0%	111 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2006	6.8%	160 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	23.2 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world	62.1%	134 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	35.7 / 100	-10.4 pp vs world	3.9%	125 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	39.8 / 100	-2.8 pp vs world	0.0%	116 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	44.4 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2007	7.5%	152 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	27.1 / 100	-9.6 pp vs world	66.9%	121 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	42.0 / 100	-5.6 pp vs world	5.6%	92 of 207 · highest-to-lowest	55.8 / 100	-0.4 pp vs world	0.0%	110 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	47.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2008	7.3%	153 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-9.5 pp vs world	64.1%	128 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	39.2 / 100	-5.8 pp vs world	3.7%	79 of 208 · highest-to-lowest	62.3 / 100	+2.5 pp vs world	0.0%	110 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.8 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2009	7.5%	151 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	28.2 / 100	-8.7 pp vs world	68.9%	112 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.9 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	-1.4%	88 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	58.4 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	0.0%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2010	7.3%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-9.4 pp vs world	67.4%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-3.4 pp vs world	4.3%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	-4.7 pp vs world	0.0%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2011	6.5%	155 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world	60.9%	122 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.1 / 100	-8.4 pp vs world	5.7%	80 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	62.2 / 100	+1.4 pp vs world	0.0%	109 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	48.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2012	6.4%	156 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	25.8 / 100	-10.3 pp vs world	61.0%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-8.5 pp vs world	8.2%	33 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	84.7 / 100	+5.9 pp vs world	0.0%	107 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	49.3 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2013	6.8%	152 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.8 / 100	-9.8 pp vs world	63.1%	117 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	44.5 / 100	-6.9 pp vs world	4.0%	76 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	64.1 / 100	+0.8 pp vs world	0.0%	104 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	50.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2014	6.8%	153 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	27.3 / 100	-10.0 pp vs world	65.7%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	-6.1 pp vs world	3.6%	86 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	59.3 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.0%	102 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.7 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2015	6.5%	158 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.9 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	65.4%	113 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	46.4 / 100	-10.8 pp vs world	3.6%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-0.0 pp vs world	0.0%	96 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.5 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2016	6.3%	159 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	24.4 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	63.7%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-13.6 pp vs world	1.3%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-1.2 pp vs world	0.0%	98 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2017	6.2%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-10.6 pp vs world	63.3%	120 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	43.1 / 100	-12.8 pp vs world	2.8%	111 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	47.4 / 100	-0.5 pp vs world	0.0%	99 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	53.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2018	5.9%	162 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.0 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	63.0%	121 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	42.6 / 100	-12.1 pp vs world	1.5%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	0.0%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2019	5.9%	160 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.9 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	61.1%	125 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	40.7 / 100	-14.5 pp vs world	-1.1%	163 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	22.5 / 100	-2.5 pp vs world	0.0%	97 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	54.1 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2020	5.8%	161 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	23.4 / 100	-10.5 pp vs world	54.0%	137 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.9 / 100	-23.6 pp vs world	-20.1%	196 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	6.7 / 100	-17.7 pp vs world	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2021	5.4%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-11.4 pp vs world	46.4%	147 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	30.1 / 100	-29.0 pp vs world	11.0%	50 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	76.6 / 100	+2.1 pp vs world	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2022	5.2%	165 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.5 / 100	-11.1 pp vs world	46.8%	148 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	29.7 / 100	-25.1 pp vs world	7.0%	48 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	77.5 / 100	+4.9 pp vs world	0.0%	103 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	51.2 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2023	5.1%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-10.9 pp vs world	46.2%	154 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.8 / 100	-27.3 pp vs world	2.7%	78 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	63.2 / 100	+1.1 pp vs world	0.0%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world
Panama	2024	5.0%	166 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	21.1 / 100	-10.7 pp vs world	52.6%	138 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	34.4 / 100	-21.5 pp vs world	-0.7%	155 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	26.3 / 100	-3.7 pp vs world	0.0%	100 of 210 · highest-to-lowest	52.6 / 100	-100.0 pp vs world

Calculations created by Tesseron World Observatory, data from UNSD Analysis of Main Aggregates (2026-01-28_89ede278; source updated 2026-01-28T00:00:00).

Interpretation note

Manufacturing is part of mining, manufacturing and utilities; it is not a seventh broad-industry slice. Share and real growth describe different dimensions.

Current manufacturing specialization

Central America0.26×

World0.32×

Panama Economic Overview

Read the economy through three eras

What should a reader know first?

Real output, indexed to a shared starting year

Real GDP trajectory

How large is the economy, and where does it sit globally?

Nominal GDP

Nominal GDP and UN benchmarks

What does the record show per person?

GDP per person

GDP per person and UN benchmarks

How quickly has real activity changed, and how have output prices moved?

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth and UN benchmarks

How is output used for consumption and domestic demand?

Final Consumption

Final consumption and UN benchmarks

How much current output is directed toward capital formation?

Gross Capital Formation

Gross capital formation and UN benchmarks

How exposed is the economy to trade, and what is the external balance?

Trade openness

Trade openness and UN benchmarks

Which activities produce value, and how is the mix changing?

Structural change across six activities

Industry composition and economic scale

Broad industry structure over time

What role does manufacturing play at home and in the world?

Manufacturing in the economic structure